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Rozdíly v celkovém sebepojetí u dětí a adolescentů České republiky podle věku a pohlaví

100%
Orel M., Obereignerů R., Reiterová E., Malůš M., Fac O.
Psychologie a její kontexty
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2015
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vol. 6
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issue 2
65-77
EN
Problem: The article presents a study of the differences in self-concept of children and adolescents based on their sex and age. Self-concept is an integral part of each personality. The level of self-concept in pupils may reflect significantly on their overall life satisfaction as well as influence their subjective success (individually experienced) and their objective success (evaluated externally). Methods: The diagnostic tool used was the Czech adaptation of Children's and adolescents self-concept scale PHCSCS-2 (Obereignerů et al., 2015). The original American version of Piers-Harris Children Self-concept Scale 2 (PHCSCS-2) is a 60-item self-report scale which comprises 7 areas of self-assessment. It includes the subscale of overall self-concept: Total Score (TOT) - which represents the level of the respondent’s overall self-concept and six subscales evaluating specific areas of self-concept: Behavioural Adjustment (BEH), Intellectual and School Status (INT), Physical Appearance and Attributes (PHY), Freedom from Anxiety (FRE), Popularity (POP), Happiness and Satisfaction (HAP). The Czech standardization which took place in recent years, respected all requirements for the conversion of a foreign diagnostic tool. The research group included 4901 pupils and students at primary and secondary schools in the Czech Republic aged 9-21. The group was divided into twelve groups based on sex and age - group 1 (9-10 years), group 2 (11-12 years), group 3 (13-14 years), group 4 (1516 years), group 5 (17-18 years), group 6 (19-21 years), equivalently for boys/men and girls/women. The study presents the differences of seven self-concept dimensions, as mentioned above (the Total Score and six subscales) in Self-Concept in Children and Adolescent based on sex. Most attention is paid to the Total Score (TOT) as a most reliable indicator. The study also reveals development curves of all six subscales of girls/women and boys/men based on age. Results: Statistically significant differences (p < 0.001) in the results between sexes in Total Score (TOT) and four of self-concept dimensions - Behavioural Adjustment (BEH), Intellectual and School Status (INT), Freedom from Anxiety (FRE), Happiness and Satisfaction (HAP) - in the research group of 4901 Czech pupils and students were demonstrated by T-test. Statistically significant differences in the results between sexes in Total Score (TOT) in the age categories of 15-16 years and 17-18 years (p < 0.001) and significant difference in the results between sexes in the overall self-concept in the age category of 9-10 years (p < 0.05) in the research group of 4901 Czech pupils and students were also demonstrated by T-test. Discussion: Certain older studies quoted in the discussion do not show (contrary to our findings) any difference in the self-concept in respondents based on sex, other studies evaluate the differences as mild while other show differences that are not considered as clinically significant. As PHCSCS-2 is a newly standardized and prospectively applicable psychodiagnostic tool, further analyses will follow as well as outputs concerning the children and adolescent population in the Czech Republic and elsewhere. Practical application arising from the findings, however, consists in the necessity to approach children and adolescents in an individual manner, taking into account their age and sex (avoiding "measuring all children by the same yardstick"). In view of the significance of self-assessment for personality, in practice we consider as crucial to take into account in a more sensitive manner the things to which the children and adolescents are "more sensitive and vulnerable" as well as their sex. Conclusion: This article provides the first and partial results within an extensive research project of the team of the authors.
2

Computational psycholinguistic analysis and its application in psychological assessment of college students

75%
Kučera D., Havigerová J. M.
Journal of Pedagogy
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2015
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vol. 6
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issue 1
61-72
EN
The paper deals with the issue of computational psycholinguistic analysis (CPA) and its experimental application in basic psychological and pedagogical assessment. CPA is a new method which may potentially provide interesting, psychologically relevant information about the author of a particular text, regardless of the text’s factual (semantic) content and without the need to obtain additional materials. As part of our QPA-FPT research we studied the link between the linguistic form of a text by Czech college students and their personality characteristics obtained from a psychodiagnostic test battery. The article also discusses the basis of the method, opportunities for practical application and potential use within psychological and pedagogical disciplines
3
Content available remote

Slovenská adaptácia dotazníka na hodnotenie schizotypových čŕt osobnosti Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire

51%
Chylová M., Marko M., Dragešek J., Virčík M., Rovný R., Roháriková V., Murínová J., Cimrová B., Katina S., Riečanský I.
Československá psychologie (Czechoslovak Psychology)
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2017
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vol. 61
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issue 3
267-280
EN
Objectives. The aim of the present study was to adapt the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ), one of the most widely used methods for the assessment of schizotypy, into the Slovak language and investigate its basic psychometric properties (reliability, latent structure, gender differences, and measurement invariance) in healthy volunteers. Sample and setting. The Slovak version of the questionnaire (SPQ-SK) was completed by 267 responders (120 men and 147 women) with a mean age of 25.3 years (SD = 5.5). SPQ includes 74 binary items arranged into 9 subscales. Hypotheses. Latent structure of two concurrent models, a three-factor and a four-factor model were tested. Statistical analysis. Gender differences were assessed by Welch t-test. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha and ordinal alpha. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was calculated using the maximum likelihood method. χ2-test, CFI, RMSEA, SRMR, AIC and BIC were used to evaluate and compare the respective models. Measurement invariance was assessed by χ2 and CFI differences. Results. SPQ-SK showed an acceptable internal consistency. On average, men scored higher in the dimensions Odd or Eccentric Behavior, No Close Friends, and Constricted Affect, whereas women scored higher on Excessive Social Anxiety and Magical Thinking. CFA indicated that a modified three-factor structure represented the best model for SPQ-SK. This model also showed configural invariance and weak measurement invariance. However, strong and strict invariance was only partially supported. Study limitations. The research sample consisted of healthy individuals. Further investigations are needed to determine clinically relevant scores.
SK
Cieľ. Cieľom práce bolo adaptovať jednu z najpoužívanejších metód na stanovovanie schizotypie - Schizotypový osobnostný dotazník (Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire, SPQ) - v slovenských podmienkach a zistiť jej základné psychometrické vlastnosti (reliabilitu, latentnú štruktúru, rodové rozdiely a invarianciu merania) u zdravých dobrovoľníkov. Výskumný výber a metóda. Slovenskú verziu dotazníka (SPQ-SK) vyplnilo 267 respondentov (120 mužov a 147 žien) s priemerným vekom 25,3 roka (SD = 5,5). SPQ pozostáva zo 74 dichotomických položiek, ktoré sú zaradené do deviatich subškál. Hypotéza. Testované a porovnávané boli konkurenčné modely latentnej štruktúry SPQ - trojfaktorový a štvorfaktorový model. Štatistická analýza. Rodové rozdiely boli posudzované Welchovým t-testom. Vnútorná konzistencia bola posudzovaná Cronbachovým a ordinálnym koeficientom alfa. Konfirmačná faktorová analýza (CFA) bola vypočítaná pomocou metódy maximálnej vierohodnosti. Pre posúdenie a porovnanie modelov bola využitá štatistika χ2 a indexy CFI, RMSEA, SRMR, AIC a BIC. Invariancia merania bola overovaná pomocou rozdielov v χ2 a CFI jednotlivých vnorených modelov. Výsledky. SPQ-SK preukázalo akceptovateľnú vnútornú konzistenciu. Muži skórovali v priemere viac v dimenziách excentrické správanie, chýbanie blízkych priateľov a zúžený afekt, zatiaľ čo ženy dosahovali vyššie skóre v dimenziách sociálna úzkosť a magické myslenie. Výsledky CFA preukázali ako najvhodnejší trojfaktorový model. Tento model taktiež preukázal konfiguračnú a slabú faktorovú invarianciu. Silná a striktná invariancia však bola podporená iba čiastočne. Limity. Výskumný súbor tvorili zdraví jedinci. Pre stanovenie klinicky významného skóre je potrebný ďalší výskum.
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