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Factor structure of the Balanced Measure of Psychological Needs Scale (BMPN ) among persons with incomes below the ʻat-risk-of-poverty thresholdʼ

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Džuka J.
Československá psychologie (Czechoslovak Psychology)
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2019
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vol. 63
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issue Supplement_1
27-42
EN
Objectives. Self-Determination Theory assumes the existence of three basic psychological needs – relatedness, competence and autonomy. The objectives of this research respond to the fact that the analyses of the factor structure of tools for measuring basic psychological needs have almost exclusively been applied to samples of students. This research looks at a specific sample of people with an income below the ‘at-risk-of-poverty threshold’. The intention was to replicate the identified factor structure of the Balanced Measure of Psychological Needs Scale (BMPN). Sample and setting. Data were collected using on-line questionnaires in March 2018 as part of research where several tools for poverty research in Slovakia were verified. Quota selection was used in that there were representative quotas for gender, age, regions in Slovakia and net monthly income. In addition, people who were below the ‘at-risk-of-poverty threshold’ were selected for the analysis. The total sample comprised N = 210 participants, aged between 18 and 60 years old. Hypotheses. It was hypothesized that the 5-factor model of the three-dimensional BMPN with two uncorrelated method factors, or the 6-factor model in which the three needs split up into their respective satisfaction and dissatisfaction components would be suitable. Statistical analysis. The data were analysed using correlation analysis, exploratory factor analysis with PCA and Varimax rotation as well as confirmatory factor analysis. This was done in the program LISREL 8.8. Results. The results did not confirm the suitability of either model. Based on the correlation analysis and EFA of eighteen BMPN items, a model with two independent factors, i.e. satisfaction and frustration of the three basic psychological needs, was designed and tested using CFA. The model has acceptable properties (χ2/df = 2.2, RMSEA = 0.073, SRMR = 0.066, CFI = 0.96) and two scales of excellent reliability (.92 and .88 respectively). Study limitation. The significance of the findings in the context of the structure of the measuring instrument and the specificity of the population surveyed is discussed.
SK
existenciu troch základných psychologických potrieb – spolupatričnosti, kompetencie a autonómie. Ciele tohto výskumu reagujú na fakt, že analýzy faktorovej štruktúry nástroja na meranie základných psychologických potrieb boli takmer výlučne realizované na vzorkách študentov. Tento výskum je zameraný na špecifickú skupinu osôb s príjmom pod hranicou rizika chudoby. Zámerom bolo replikovať identifikovanú faktorovú štruktúru škály BMPN. Výskumný súbor. Dáta boli zozbierané prostredníctvom on-line dotazníkov v marci 2018 ako súčasť výskumu, v rámci ktorého bolo overovaných viacero nástrojov na výskum chudoby na Slovensku. Bol použitý kvótny výber, v ktorom bolo zohľadnené reprezentatívne zastúpenie z hľadiska rodu, veku, regiónov a čistého mesačného príjmu. Okrem toho, do analýzy boli vybrané osoby, ktorých príjem bol pod hranicou rizika chudoby. Celkový výskumný súbor predstavovalo N = 210 participantov vo veku 18 až 60 rokov. Hypotézy. Bolo predpokladané, že vhodnými modelmi budú 5-faktorový model s troma dimenziami a dvoma nekorelujúcimi faktormi metódy alebo 6-faktorový model, v ktorom by sa každá z troch potrieb rozdelila na dva komponenty, uspokojenie a neuspokojenie. Štatistická analýza. Dáta boli analyzované pomocou korelačnej analýzy, exploratívnej faktorovej analýzy PCA s rotáciou varimax, ako aj pomocou konfirmatórnej faktorovej analýzy. Bolo použitý program LISREL 8.8. Výsledky. Výsledky nepotvrdili vhodnosť žiadneho z dvoch modelov. Na základe korelačnej analýzy a EFA osemnástich položiek BMPN bol navrhnutý a pomocou CFA testovaný model s dvoma nezávislými faktormi, t. j. uspokojenie a frustrácia troch základných psychologických potrieb. Model má akceptovateľné vlastnosti (χ2 / df = 2.2, RMSEA = 0.073, SRMR = 0.066, CFI = 0.96) a dve škály výbornú reliabilitu (0.92 a 0.88). Obmedzenia štúdie. Bol diskutovaný význam zistení v kontexte štruktúry nástroja a špecifík opytovanej skupiny osôb.
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Low-income people and their SWB : multiple mediational role of two basic psychological needs

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Džuka J.
Československá psychologie (Czechoslovak Psychology)
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2019
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vol. 63
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issue 4
402-412
EN
Objectives. The objective of the present study was twofold: 1) to examine the direct relationship between the objective low income and subjective well-being 2) to test the indirect relationship of objective, income to subjective wellbeing mediated by the level of satisfaction of the three basic psychological needs. Sample and setting. The sample comprised 118 low income participants aged between 18 and 60 years (M=37.07, SD=12.04). Hypotheses. 1) The lower the objective income would be the less satisfied people would be with their life, the less often they would experience positive emotions and the more often negative emotions. 2) The more they would be satisfied with their three basic psychological needs, the more they would be satisfied with their life, the more often they would experience positive and the less often negative emotions. 3) The relationship of low income and subjective well-being would be partly mediated by the satisfaction of the three basic psychological needs. Statistical analysis and results. Using path-analysis it was found that: 1) Low income was in a direct relationship only to the cognitive component of subjective well-being. 2) Low income had a negative relationship to the satisfaction of the relatedness need. 3) Need of relatedness had nevertheless a positive direct and indirect relationship to the variables of subjective wellbeing: direct – a higher satisfaction with life and higher frequency of experiencing positive emotions, the indirect – it was in a positive relation to satisfying the need for autonomy, what mediated a higher life satisfaction score, higher frequency of positive experiencing rate and low rate of the frequency of negative experiencing. The limitations of the results with regard to the size of the research sample and to the validity of the findings obtained are pointed out.
SK
Ciele. Cieľ tejto štúdie bol dvojaký: 1) Preskúmať vzťah nízkeho objektívneho príjmu a subjektívnej pohody. 2) Testovať nepriamy vzťah objektívneho príjmu k subjektívnej pohode mediovaný úrovňou uspokojenia troch bazálnych psychologických potrieb. Súbor. Výskumný súbor predstavoval N = 118 osôb s nízkym príjmom vo veku 18 až 60 rokov (M = 37,07, SD = 12,04). Hypotézy. 1) Čím nižší objektívny príjem, tým nižšia spokojnosť so životom, menej časté prežívanie pozitívnych emócií a časté prežívanie negatívnych emócií. 2) Čím vyššia spokojnosť s troma základnými psychologickými potrebami, tým vyššia spokojnosť so životom a častejšie prežívanie pozitívnych emócií a menej časté negatívnych emócií. 3) Vzťah nízkeho príjmu a subjektívnej pohody je čiastočne mediovaný uspokojením základných psychologických potrieb. Štatistická analýza a výsledky. Pomocou path- -analýzy bolo zistené, že: 1) Nízky príjem bol v priamom vzťahu len ku kognitívnemu komponentu subjektívnej pohody. 2) Nízky príjem mal negatívny vzťah k uspokojovaniu potreby spolupatričnosti. 3) Potreba spolupatričnosti mala napriek tomu pozitívny priamy aj nepriamy vzťah k premenným subjektívnej pohody: priamy – vyššia spokojnosť so životom a vyššia frekvencia prežívania pozitívnych emócií, nepriamy – bola v pozitívnom vzťahu k uspokojovaniu potreby autonómie, a to sprostredkovalo vyššie skóre v spokojnosti so životom a vo frekvencii pozitívneho prežívania a nízke skóre vo frekvencii negatívneho prežívania. Na obmedzenia získaných výsledkov je upozornené z hľadiska veľkosti výskumnej vzorky a z aspektu platnosti získaných zistení.
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Relationship between Peer Victimization and Anxiety of Pupils: Mediating Effect of Psychological Needs

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Mao-Ling Z.
Ethics in Progress
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2018
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vol. 9
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issue 2
75-86
EN
The present study aimed to explore the effects of psychological needs on the relationship of peer victimization and anxiety. Methods: A sample of 889 4th, 5th and 6th primary school students in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region were recruited with the measurement of Peer victimization Questionnaire, Psychological needs Scale and Anxiety Scale (SAS). Results showed that: (1) There were no significant gender and grade differences with respect to Peer victimization; (2) Significant negative correlations were found between all types of peer victimization and the subscales of psychological needs. In addition, significant positive correlations were found between all types of peer victimizationand, anxiety and significant negative correlations between all the subscales of psychological needs and anxiety; (3) Psychological needs partially mediated the relationship between Peer victimizationexperience and anxiety.
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Second language psychological speaking and listening needs: Scale development, symbiosis, and demographic differences

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Xu J., Qiu X.
Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching
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2022
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vol. 12
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issue 3
483-507
EN
This study aimed to develop and validate two parallel scales to measure the psychological L2 speaking and listening needs of 863 English-as-a-foreign language (EFL) learners. The associations between three psychological needs (i.e., autonomy, competence, and relatedness) of L2 speaking and of L2 listening were examined to develop insights into oracy (i.e., integration of speaking and listening) in L2 communication. Subsequently, the impact of demographic variables was explored. The data, collected via a 5-point Likert-scale questionnaire, were analyzed through descriptive and correlation analysis, factor analysis, and ANOVA. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted to determine the factor structures, followed by confirmatory factor analysis for validation. Results demonstrated that the validity and reliability of the two developed scales were satisfactory. L2 speaking autonomy was significantly related to L2 listening autonomy, as were competence and relatedness. The three psychological needs of both L2 speaking and listening revealed varying patterns in terms of gender, major, university geographical context, schooling stage (first year to fourth year), and study-abroad experiences. The research findings reinforce the need for integration of L2 speaking and L2 listening when satisfying university students’ psychological needs, contribute to the research field with the measurement scales of psychological needs in L2 speaking and listening settings, and yield implications for teaching the two language skills integratedly.
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Uwarunkowania i struktura potrzeb życiowych seniorów

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Spyrka-Chlipała R.
Roczniki Teologiczne
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2014
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vol. 61
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issue 1: Praca Socjalna
235-247
EN
In this article we will be shown the conditions and structure of the necessities of life of seniors. The definition needs to be selected and their classifications. Will be descri­bed types, the nature and etiology of a variety of needs in this developmental period. Will be paid also attention to the important role of the family and the various groups and communities in meeting the vital needs of seniors and improve their quality of life.
PL
W niniejszym artykule ukazane zostały uwarunkowania i struktura potrzeb życiowych senio­rów, definicje potrzeb oraz ich wybrane klasyfikacje, a także rodzaje, specyfika i etiologia różnorodnych potrzeb w tym okresie rozwojowym. Należy podkreślić istotną rolę rodziny oraz różnych grup i społeczności w zaspokajaniu potrzeb życiowych seniorów i podnoszeniu jakości ich życia.
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