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Subjective grounds for expanding the powers of the President of the Russian Federation

100%

Nitsevich V.

Eastern Review

2020

vol. 9

49-62

The article is devoted to a little-studied side of authority, in particular the authorities of the President of Russia. Exploring the constitutional scope of power, we can say that the President of Russia has a sufficiently large amount of power, backed up by the legal provisions of the Constitution. However, in practice, it has turned out that not only their influence but the power of the President has a wider scope. First of all, the article notes the subjective grounds and mechanisms of power over the chairman of the government and the terms of his appointment. In this case, the key role is played by the political party United Russia, which was created by the President, although the President is outside the party system of Russia. A substantial expansion of the power of the President occurred as a result of the creation of federal districts and the formation of an institution of plenipotentiaries. The rationale is given that the change of legal norms for the election of governors, where the President plays the main role in nominating candidacy, and the procedure for registering them is entirely determined by the United Russia political party under his control, ultimately expanded the scope of authority of the President. In disclosing the subjective grounds for expanding the power of the President of the Russian Federation, so-called “approvals” of candidacy for various senior positions of state and municipal service, as well as of the security and control bodies play a part. The rating of the President was a massive subjective basis that allowed him to expand the scope of his power. The study of public confidence in the President allowed one to see the dependence of the expansion of his power on the level of his support by citizens of the Russian Federation.

Zaufanie obywateli do energetyki jądrowej na przykładzie Republiki Francuskiej i Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej

84%

Sulewska K.

Securitologia

2016

issue 2 (24)

165-177

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest analiza w jaki sposób zasobność kraju w technologie jądrową wpływa na zaufanie obywateli do atomu. Nie przypadkowo do analizy porównawczej wybrano wymienione w tytule kraje europejskie. Francja jest drugą co wielkości światową potęgą w zakresie energetyki jądrowej, ma 58 reaktorów jądrowych. Polska podsiada aktualnie reaktor jądrowy wykorzystywany w celach badawczych imedycznych, nie ma żadnego reaktora wykorzystywanego w energetyce cywilnej. Artykuł jest próbą odpowiedzi na pytanie czy poziom zaawansowania technologii nuklearnej i duże doświadczenie w jej wykorzystaniu, wpływa na stopień zaufania obywateli do energetyki jądrowej.

The purpose of this article is to analyze how the capacities of a state in nuclear technologies affect the citizens’ trust in the nuclear energy. For a comparative analysis, two European countries have been selected. France is the second largest world power in the field of nuclear energy, with the fleet of 58 nuclear reactors. Poland currently uses one reactor for research and medical use only. Right now Warsaw has no civilian reactor destined for energy production. Despite that, according to Government plans, nuclear power plants will become a part of the energy mix after 2030. The article is an attempt to answer the question, whether the level of nuclear technology and extensive experience in its use affects the degree of citizens ' trust in the nuclear power.

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Subjective grounds for expanding the powers of the President of the Russian Federation

Zaufanie obywateli do energetyki jądrowej na przykładzie Republiki Francuskiej i Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej