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EN
The purpose of this article is to identify the factors influencing the probability of winning in public procurement procedures and to assess the strength of their impact from the perspective of both: the bidder and procurer. The research was conducted with the use of series of quantitative methods: binary logistic regression, discriminant analysis and cluster analysis. It was based on a sample consisting of public tenders, in which the examined company performed the role of a bidder. Thus, the research process was aimed at both identifying the factors of success and estimating the probability of achieving it, where it was possible to obtain probabilities. The main idea of this research is to answer questions about the utility of various methods of quantitative analysis in the case of analyzing determinants of success. Results of the research are presented in the following sequence of sections: characteristics of the examined material, the process of modelling the probability of winning, evaluation of the quality of the results obtained.
EN
This article is devoted to the study of the legal status of legal relations’ subjects in the public procurement field, as well as the settlement of legislative problems that arise in the spheres of public procurement and public-private partnerships (PPP) in Ukraine. The necessity of implementation into the legislation of Ukraine the concept of “special purpose company” is substantiated. The experience of foreign countries in implementing PPP projects in the area of “public procurement” (for instance, Latvia, Australia, Switzerland, the Netherlands, Belgium and other countries) is analyzed in detail. In particular, it has been determined that in Belgium mainly two methods of public procurement are used: concession agreements for the performance of work and development agreements, which in any case provide for financing the project by the private sector. Under the concession agreement for the performance of work, a private partner carries out the construction and financing of the entire volume of work or part thereof, and also subsequently operates the facility for a certain period of time. When making public procurement under PPP (development agreement), a private enterprise finances the work and further construction, after which it transfers ownership or leases the facility to a public partner or third party. The public partner or the aforementioned third party further pays the rent or license fee to the private company. Belgian public procurement laws do not apply to concession contracts for the provision of services, which, however, must correspond to the requirements of the general principles of contracts, such as, for example, the principles of transparency and competition. It is proved that the establishment of the Unified State Register of public sector entities will allow to unify the legislation of Ukraine in the field of PPP. The thesis is substantiated that the implementation of PPP projects is possible by applying the so-called “property law Construction”, in which these projects can be implemented through the alienation or transfer of state property rights (purchase and sale, long-term property right to use real estate), or “superficial right”. At the same time, public procurement legislation is not being apllied if public sector entities do not stipulate specific conditions under which private partner acquires a property right to the corresponding real estate and enjoys this right (when, for example, a state authority sells land to a private partner, provided that the latter will build the parking lot complex), and also if no obligation to purchase or lease can be imposed subject to the legislation in public procurement sphere.
EN
The most numerous group of beneficiaries applying for grants from EU funds are entities of the public finance sector obliged to obey the regulationsof the PPL. The implementation of EU funds is connected with a number of legal regulations, both at the EU and Member State level, and the effective absorption of EU funds is inextricably linked to public procurement law procedures. This article presents the absorption of EU funds from the largest operational program in the context of public procurement law procedures, as well as issues related to irregularities identified in the co-financed procurement process.
PL
Najliczniejszą grupę beneficjentów ubiegających się o przyznanie dotacji ze środków unijnych stanowią jednostki sektora finansów publicznych zobligowane do stosowania przepisów Prawa zamówień publicznych. Wdrażanie funduszy unijnych związane jest z wieloma uregulowaniami prawnymi na szczeblu zarówno UE, jak i danego kraju członkowskiego, efektywna absorpcja środków unijnych nierozerwalnie związana jest zaś z procedurami prawa zamówień publicznych. Niniejszy artykuł prezentuje absorpcje środków unijnych największego programu operacyjnego w kontekście procedur prawa zamówień publicznych, a także zagadnienia dotyczące nieprawidłowości identyfikowanych w procesie udzielania zamówień współfinansowanych.
EN
The purpose of this article was an attempt to identify normative regulations defining the principles of determining and imposing financial corrections in in the financial perspective 2014–2020 examining the rules for verifying the correctness of awarding contracts involving public funds by beneficiaries implementing projects cofinanced from structural funds and the application of financial corrections based on the example of the Regional Operational Programme for Podlaskie Voivodship 2014–2020. Beneficiaries implementing projects co-financed from the EU budget are subject to a special regime for applying the public procurement law. Its source is both the provisions of EU and national law, and the guidelines of the minister responsible for development, which are not a source of universally applicable law. The legal situation shaped in this way results in a high percentage of public procurement procedures carried out by beneficiaries which are questioned by competent institutions by way of control. A drawback from the point of view of the protection of the rights of beneficiaries is excessive normative complexity of the return procedure applicable also to the implementation system of ROPPV 2014–2020. This procedure is composed of two stages, i.e. determining and imposing financial corrections (with the exclusion of the provisions of the Code of Administrative Procedure), and then the appropriate administrative procedure for the return of funds. However, the possibility provided in national law to measure the amount of financial corrections depending on the nature and seriousness of individual irregularities should be assessed positively.
PL
Celem niniejszego artykułu była próba zidentyfikowania regulacji normatywnych określających zasady ustalania i nakładania korekt finansowych w perspektywie finansowej 2014–2020. Zbadano też zasady sprawdzania prawidłowości udzielania zamówień realizowanych ze środków publicznych przez beneficjentów realizujących projekty objęte współfinansowaniem z funduszy strukturalnych oraz wymierzania korekt finansowych na przykładzie Regionalnego Programu Operacyjnego Województwa Podlaskiego 2014–2020 (RPOWP 2014–2020). Beneficjenci realizujący projekty współfinansowane z budżetu UE są poddani szczególnemu reżimowi stosowania prawa zamówień publicznych. Jego źródłem są zarówno przepisy prawa unijnego, jak i krajowego, oraz nieposiadające waloru źródła powszechnie obowiązującego prawa wytyczne ministra właściwego do spraw rozwoju. Ukształtowany w taki sposób stan prawny skutkuje wysokim odsetkiem przeprowadzonych przez beneficjentów postępowań o udzielenie zamówień publicznych zakwestionowanych przez właściwe instytucje w drodze kontroli. Mankament z punktu widzenia ochrony praw beneficjentów stanowi nadmierne normatywne skomplikowanie postępowania zwrotowego mającego zastosowanie również do systemu realizacji RPOWP 2014–2020. Postępowanie to jest złożone z dwóch etapów, tj. ustalenia i nałożenia korekt finansowych (z wyłączeniem stosowania przepisów k.p.a.), a następnie właściwego postępowania administracyjnego o zwrot środków. Pozytywnie należy jednakże ocenić przewidzianą w krajowych przepisach prawa możliwość miarkowania wysokości korekt finansowych w zależności od charakteru i wagi nieprawidłowości indywidualnych.
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