Search results

1

Strategic Aspect of the Evaluation of Tangible Costs of Crime – Outline of the Problem

100%

Safjański T., Trela A.

Internal Security

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2011

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vol. 3(2)

157-168

EN

The article touches upon the problem of the estimation of tangible crime costs. The considerations are based on the authors’ professional experience as well as on Polish and foreign literary resources. The focal point of the analysis is the assumption that lack of knowledge on the tangible crime costs impedes identification of adequate priorities in fighting threats, securing suitable funds and finally examining how effectively the resources are used to ensure public safety. The study focuses on the strategic dimension of crime costs examination. The authors indicate the elements which support the idea to recognize crime cost analysis as a particular form of strategic crime analysis. They also characterize the subject matter and purpose of the research, their relation to the strategic counter-crime actions, character of conclusions and specifics of the applied methodology. The indication under consideration is of an innovative nature and may result in the necessity to verify theoretical assumptions of strategic crime analysis. It could especially serve as an incentive to a different approach towards the Polish analytical contribution to the Europol OCTA (Organized Crime Threat Assessment) annual report. To some extent, the described indication gives a chance to stimulate the work on the OCTA report. In general, the article points out how the research on crime costs functions in decision-making processes connected with crime prevention and in what way they influence public safety. As a result, the paper proves the necessity to estimate the total amount and structure of public and individual costs connected with preventing and fighting crime in Poland. The presented suppositions make it possible to develop strategic analysis as a tool to diagnose the existing strategic situation and to determine guidelines for future counter-crime actions, including those in cooperation with Europol and European Union member states.

2

Visual Monitoring Versus Managing the Public Safety Using the Example of Walbrzych

100%

Gondek A., Tabaczniuk T.

Internal Security

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2011

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vol. 3(2)

71-82

EN

The article considers basic threats to public safety and the possibility of reducing them on the basis of examples from Walbrzych city and district. The authors describe how the municipal system of the public safety is managed, in particular the use of visual monitoring in Walbrzych. The monitoring system was created in 2002 and it was enlarged from ten to eighteen cameras in 2010. The authors collected data since 2000 to 2010 from eight Police Headquarters in Walbrzych city and district and converted into it indicators. This work contains the analysis of the impact of applying preventive new techniques such as visual monitoring in relation to the number of initiated proceedings based on the crime rate in Walbrzych city and district. Moreover the article shows comparative results based on the rates in the chosen area, Poland and the EU. The data for Poland and EU was collected since 1960, then aggregated and converted into indicators per 1000 inhabitants. The results of the research are surprising, because the system of the visual monitoring in Walbrzych did not influence the reduction of crime in the monitored areas in a significant way, but did cause an increase in the subjective sense of security of the local community.

3

Activities of Police Schools in the Field of Public Security

100%

Kochańczyk R.

Internal Security

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2020

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vol. Special Issue

61-68

EN

In the modern world, the term ‘security’ is so widely used that adjectives must be used to describe the type of scientific considerations, e.g. ‘public security’. Safety is an indispensable element affecting the functioning of every human being. The number of threats in the modern world is so large that it is necessary to introduce new educational solutions for a wide range of entities in order to effectively oppose any behaviour that causes discomfort to citizens. The activity of police education for most readers is associated with the preparation of an officer for service on our streets. Nevertheless, the scope of activity of this type of facilities is much wider. The following article attempts to present several levels of activity that indirectly translate into public security. The training offer of police schools is addressed not only to police officers, but also to external entities that carry out tasks related to ensuring security and public order.

4

Police in the System of Public Safety — Polish Experience

100%

Justyński K.

Internal Security

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2017

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vol. 9(1)

99-108

EN

As a uniformed and armed force, whose mission it is to serve and protect both people’s safety and public order, the police have been established on the basis of the 6 April 1990 Police Act. The basic police responsibilities cover protection of health, life and property against unlawful attacks, protection of public order and safety — including assurance of peace in public places and on public transport, investigation of crime, prosecution of offenders, and finally counter-terrorist activity. In addition, police are obliged to initiate and organize activities designed to prevent crime, minor offences and criminogenic phenomena. The list of police tasks is steadily getting longer and longer and it seems that this upward trend will continue in the years to come. This makes it necessary to implement legal and organizational solutions with a view to enhancing the effectiveness of policing — on the one hand measured by a systematic search for increasingly rational procedures, and on the other one by a decreasing number of illegal activities undertaken by the criminal underworld due to their awareness of the risk of being detected and the certainty of punishment. A good way of improving police performance is to precisely determine the tasks carried out as part of preventive action as well as decisive action aimed at elimination of identified threats or their consequences.

5

Administrowanie lokalne jako jeden z kluczowych czynników przeciwdziałania zagrożeniom dla porządku i bezpieczeństwa publicznego RP

100%

Grzybowska M.

Zeszyt Naukowy Apeiron

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2011

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issue 6

11–38

EN

At the beginning of her article on administration impact on the order and structure of the public state, the author explains what “public safety” means. Next to foreign policy, internal policy and monetary policy, this is the domain of the country as sovereign organization of society. In Poland the Council of Ministers is the chief body of state administration, which has to ensure internal security of the country and public order. Both of those terms are explained in this article, but it is also noticed, that we use them mostly intuitively, because the legislator doesn’t clear their determination. It also describes how executive authorization administrate public order and security at local level. Despite decentralization of country administration at three levels, voivode is responsible for safety of his region. In this article you may read about his rights and obligations. The authorities of communes also participate in assurance of local safety, by deciding on the assembly, mass events or public collections. It’s worth to notice, that important role at this level of administrations, fill Local Guard, Town Guard or local police stations. The author in this article also describes the part of county authorities in security area. She claims, that legislator wanted to leave most of these types of tasks to government administration emphasizing the cooperation of local authorities of each level, to ensure better system of protection of citizens’ rights.

6

Juvenile Crime in the Masovian Police District: A Threat to Public Security. A Research Analysis

100%

Zbroszczyk D., Borkowska K.

Security Dimensions: International & National Studies

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2018

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vol. 27(27)

110-124

EN

The creation of an open society and a living environment which is accessible and of use to all is the main task at present to improve the life of all citizens. Juvenile crime is a serious societal problem, which is taking on increasingly drastic forms. The article discusses the scale and forms of crime most often committed by minors in the Masovian police district in the years 2013–2016 The direct impact of juvenile crime on citizens’ sense of security and safety is also presented. The presented results have been obtained by analysing the statistical data from the General Police Headquarters of Poland, seated in Warsaw, and from the Voivodship Police Headquarters in Radom.

7

Juvenile Crime in the Masovian Police District: A Threat to Public Security. A Research Analysis

100%

Zbroszczyk D., Borkowska K.

Security Dimensions: International & National Studies

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2019

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vol. 27(27)

110-124

EN

The creation of an open society and a living environment which is accessible and of use to all is the main task at present to improve the life of all citizens. Juvenile crime is a serious societal problem, which is taking on increasingly drastic forms. The article discusses the scale and forms of crime most often committed by minors in the Masovian police district in the years 2013–2016 The direct impact of juvenile crime on citizens’ sense of security and safety is also presented. The presented results have been obtained by analysing the statistical data from the General Police Headquarters of Poland, seated in Warsaw, and from the Voivodship Police Headquarters in Radom.

8

Wypalenie zawodowe w zawodach wysokiego ryzyka

100%

Harasim K.

Prosopon. Europejskie Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne

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2018

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issue 2(23)

93-109

EN

The broadly understood human functioning in the situation of professional work is the subject of interest in many fields of science. Nowadays, more and more often the attention of theoreticians and psychologists - researchers focuses on issues related to occupational burnout experienced in the workplace, ways of dealing with it and its consequences manifest in many spheres of human life. Particularly exposed - on the effects of professional burnout - by a social group are representatives of high-risk occupations. Analyzing the theoretical and empirical aspects of the impact of burnout on the functioning of people, an attempt was made to answer the question: What conclusions can be drawn in order to strengthen the welfare of members of disposable groups?

9

Stres w zawodach wysokiego ryzyka

100%

Konrad Harasim K.

Humanum. Międzynarodowe Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne

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2018

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issue 1(28)

43-66

EN

The broadly understood human functioning in the situation of professional work is the subject of interest in many fields of science. Nowadays, more and more often the attention of theoreticians and psychologists - researchers focuses on issues related to stress experienced in the workplace, ways of dealing with it and its consequences manifesting in many spheres of human life. Particularly exposed - on the negative effects of stress - by a social group are representatives of high-risk occupations. Analyzing the theoretical and empirical aspects concerning the impact of stress on the functioning of people, an attempt was made to answer the question: What conclusions can be drawn in order to strengthen the welfare of members of disposable groups?

10

The Polish Police in the Light of the Statements of the Police Chief Commanders in 1990-2018

100%

Misiuk A.

Securitologia

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2018

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issue 1 (27)

132-151

EN

The article presents the statements of the police chiefs from the last twenty-eight years, i.e. from the moment of police establishment in 1990 to 2018. At that time, sixteen senior officers were the chiefs of the Polish police. The subject of the analysis concerns the views of police authority on the functioning and organisation of the police service. The author of the article undertook the effort of presenting the transformation of the Polish police force from the perspective of the opinions of the Police Chief Commanders. He analyzed these opinions critically.

11

Leaders And Followers In The Effectiveness Of Public Safety Services In European States – A Spatial Frontier Approach

100%

Żółtaszek A.

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2014

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vol. 17

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issue 4

253-272

EN

Public safety is an important factor in both public and private life. Simultaneously it is one of the most regionally diverse sectors, due to historical, cultural, social, legal, and financial differences.Therefore, it is very difficult to compare public safety policies and facilities directly. However, assessment and comparison are crucial factors for defining the best practices and implementing the “learning-from-the-best” policy, which is important in the process of regional development and globalization. Fortunately some quantitative methods, such as DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) enable this kind of research. DEA allows for analyzing relative effectiveness based on inputs and outputs, without incorporating procedural specifics of public safety. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to perform a regional analysis of the technical effectiveness of public safety systems in European states in 2003 and 2012 by utilizing an optimization method of DEA. Based on the results of this research countries are divided into two groups - effective and ineffective. Countries with effective systems are considered leaders. They present best practices which should be treated as benchmarks for the countries with ineffective systems, i.e. followers. In the research, inputs of the Data Envelopment Analysis consist of human and financial resources, as these are crucial for the functioning of public safety systems. The outputs are transformations of major crime categories. The analysis has been carried out for selected European countries in 2003 and 2012. This analysis indicates that among the countries with effective public safety systems are Finland, Norway, Romania and Poland.The worst technical efficiency could be observed in Belgium, the UK, Estonia, and Italy, which are underperforming and wasting a large proportion of their resources. This research indicates that despite many differences among states’ public safety policies, improvement and regional development can be stimulated and achieved by implementing the “learning-from-the-best” policy.

12

The National Map of Security Threats as a tool to monitor security and public order

100%

Kaduszkiewicz M.

Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje

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2018

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vol. 31(31)

81-92

EN

Threats to public order compromise the personal security of the individual, forcing him to take action to improve it, and thus to guarantee it to the closest people. The right to ensure the security of the individual, society is one of the duties of a state whose omission can be considered a violation of human rights. By implementing this obligation, a threat monitoring system was created in Poland – the National Safety Threat Map. It is a tool used by the Police which in 2016 was initially piloted, then already throughout the country introduced this mechanism to monitor and counteract local threats, affecting the safety of residents. This tool uses the Internet as a source of information about threats from citizens. The instruction was issued for both users – citizens, as well as for policemen of users and local administrators, and instructions for proper and reliable implementation. They impose on the Police officers’ specific tasks in the system for the implementation of applications. The work is an attempt to answer the question: What tool is KMZB in the system of monitoring by the state of public security and order? National Map of Security Threats (KMZB) – functions of the National Map of Security Threats in shaping local community safety, constitutes an element of the process of managing the public safety, as well as inspiring the local community in this respect. The Police as the formation serving the society and opened for its needs implemented the additional channel of the information exchange about the most troublesome threats defined on the local level.

13

Forensic Trace as a Condition of Combating Threats Related to Criminal Activities

100%

Wąs-Gubała J.

Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje

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2019

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vol. 35(35)

96-110

EN

Nowadays, socially harmful (criminal) acts are often carried out, which are punishable by a certain penalty and their detection poses a major challenge to the services and the wider justice system. The analysis of such acts requires a continuous improvement of knowledge of the methods used by the perpetrators, as well as the ways in which traces are detected and secured, which can then be used to identify the perpetrator. In each forensic trace there is a coded lot of information, often unavailable without the use of special thought and research processes. The publication defines forensic traces, presents their division, functions, and discusses ways to reveal and secure such traces. It also points to the impact of crime detection on citizens’ sense of security, as a result of awareness that the perpetrator of the crime will be punished and that law enforcement, using the latest developments in science and technology, are working increasingly more efficiently.

14

Monitoring wizyjny i jego wpływ na straty spowodowane przestępczością. Przykłady z wybranych polskich miast

89%

Szwierz J., Matczak P., Dąbrowski A., Wójtowicz A.

Studia z Polityki Publicznej

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2020

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vol. 7

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issue 1(25)

51-69

EN

In Poland, similarly to other countries, there is no unambiguous agreed explanation to the reasons for the observed decline in crime. The article analyses the impact of video monitoring systems on losses caused by three categories of offenses: (a) car theft, theft with burglary, theft from cars; (b) damage to cars; (c) robbery. To answer the question whether the installation of video surveillance systems has an impact on security, the economic effect of installing cameras in eight Polish cities (Gdańsk, Katowice, Kielce, Lublin, Łódź, Poznań, Warszawa, Wrocław), where video surveillance systems are well developed, is examined. Determining whether the installation of cameras contributes to the reduction of losses caused by crime allows assessing the suitability of cameras for improving public safety. The study partially confirms the effectiveness of video monitoring systems for a decrease in crime in the analysed categories of crime. However, other possible factors, in addition to the development of monitoring, may have an impact. Moreover, the impact is less pronounced in the case of the volume of losses caused by crime than the number of crimes. Thus, when assessing public policies regarding security, the number of offenses criterion is insufficient.

PL

W Polsce, podobnie jak w innych krajach, brakuje jednoznacznego i uzgodnionego wyjaśnienia przyczyn obniżenia poziomu przestępczości odnotowanego w ostatnich kilkunastu latach. W artykule analizowany jest wpływ systemów monitoringu wizyjnego na straty powodowane przez trzy kategorie przestępstw: (a) kradzież samochodu, kradzież z włamaniem do samochodu, kradzież z samochodu; (b) uszkodzenie samochodu; (c) rozbój. Aby odpowiedzieć na pytanie, czy instalowanie systemów monitoringu wizyjnego ma wpływ na bezpieczeństwo, badane są ekonomiczne skutki instalowania kamer w ośmiu polskich miastach, w których systemy monitoringu wizyjnego są dobrze rozwinięte (Gdańsk, Katowice, Kielce, Lublin, Łódź, Poznań, Warszawa, Wrocław). Określenie wpływu instalacji kamer na zmniejszenie strat spowodowanych przestępczością pozwala ocenić przydatność kamer dla poprawy bezpieczeństwa publicznego. Analiza danych przeprowadzona na potrzeby artykułu częściowo potwierdza skuteczność monitoringu miejskiego w zakresie zmniejszania liczby przestępstw w badanych kategoriach. Warto zaznaczyć, że również inne czynniki mogą mieć na to wpływ. Monitoring miejski ma natomiast mniejsze oddziaływanie na straty spowodowane przestępczością. W związku z tym przy ocenie skuteczności monitoringu wizyjnego w obniżaniu poziomu przestępczości poleganie wyłącznie na kryterium liczby przestępstw jest niewystarczające.

15

COUNTERACTING AND COMBATING TERRORISM AND ECOTERRORISM BY POLICE AND BORDER GUARD

88%

Chochowski K.

International Journal of New Economics and Social Sciences

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2019

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vol. 9(1)

291-300

EN

Terrorism and ecoterrorism are one of the contemporary public safety threats in Po-land. The emerging radical ideologies that assume violence and terror find their sup-porters, which enforce state activity. Both the Police and the Border Guard, guarding the broadly understood security and public order, are obliged to counteract and com-bat terrorism. This article presents considerations regarding counteracting and combating terrorism and ecoterrorism in Poland by the Police and the Border Guard. Thanks to their ac-tivities, it is possible to identify terrorist threats and counteract them, as well as to prosecute the perpetrators of acts of terrorism.

16

Theoretical Aspects of Support for Institutions Responsible for the Internal Security of the State by the Armed Forces

88%

Wiśniewski B.

Internal Security

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2016

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vol. 8(2)

85-95

EN

This article presents the basic theoretical issues related to the use of armed forces to support the actions of institutions responsible for the internal security of the state. The reflections presented are based on an analysis of the literature on security sciences, generally applicable laws and directives of a strategic nature related to national security issues of the Republic of Poland. The basis for the discussion was a presentation of the significance of the effectiveness of the internal security system — the vision and the state security strategy. This served to illustrate the basic areas of support that have been identified on the basis of the common use of the term “internal security”. It is assumed that these are public safety and general security, understood as the components of the internal security of the state. An important issue in this part of the article is an overview of these types of security, which allows the relationships between them to be indicated. This range of considerations has consequently enabled the presentation of the rules of support for institutions responsible for the internal security of the state by the armed forces. Rules that have scientific justification, unmatchable practical value and that are systematically improved in the course of the day-to-day activity of the entities mentioned. In the final part of the work a summary, along with an indication of the specific scope of support, has been made using the conclusions of the provisions of generally applicable law.

17

Chemical weapons as potential tools in terrorist attacks – risks and preventive action

88%

Czop A.

Security and Defence Quarterly

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2019

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vol. 25

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issue 3

55-69

EN

This publication looks at shopping malls as a specific category of public facilities. It includes a diagnosis of their safety, pointing to specific irregularities and negligence that threaten them with exposure to possible terrorist attacks. The current international situation is examined, including the crisis that arose as a result of uncontrolled mass migration, which implied an increased threat from Islamic terrorism, which Europe has not yet learned to effectively respond to. A particularly dangerous instrument that can be used by modern terrorists is the chemical weapon. We give examples of its use in acts of terror. The research indicates that a high level of security for public facilities such as large commercial outlets, which accumulate a large number of customers in their premises, is a very important issue. The use of chemical weapons in shopping malls could lead to significant loss of civilian life, as civilians would be a defenceless target. The research process carried out by the author finally drew the conclusion that the current level of security for large-format retail centres does not provide optimal protection in the event of a chemical weapon attack. Therefore, implementing the articles recommendations should positively affect the diagnosed situation and have a significant impact on the improvement of the safety standards in public buildings such as shopping malls.

18

Safety of Poznań residents after 1989 (selected aspects)

88%

Mierzejewska L.

Rozwój Regionalny i Polityka Regionalna

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2015

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issue 32

173-186

EN

Safety is one of the fundamental human needs which greatly affects the quality of people’s lives. It is also a collective need the satisfaction of which is a task of public authority. That is why this authority takes many measures intended to protect society and individuals as well as their property against threats posed by violent acts of people and violent natural forces. According to the Polish legal regulations, ensuring safety and public order is a task of a commune, also an urban one. To this end towns set up such services as the police, the fire brigade, emergency medical teams, city guards, etc., intended to serve their inhabitants. Their feeling of safety and a low crime rate are indicative of a town’s high level of civilisational and cultural development, but also make the town attractive as a place of residence for both, current and future inhabitants as well as to potential investors. The aim of this paper is to examine selected aspects of the safety of Poznań residents and changes that have taken place in this respect since 1989, the year when the systemic transformation started in Poland. A detailed analysis will be made of interventions by the Poznań police, fire service and ambulance service as factors that contribute the most to the safety of the city residents and their property.

19

Kształtowanie przestrzeni publicznej z uwzględnieniem aspektów bezpieczeństwa publicznego

88%

Wieteska-Rosiak B.

Studia komitetu przestrzennego zagospodarowania kraju PAN

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2015

|

issue 164

274-282

EN

The article presents problems connected with shaping space in the city as a part of public safety and sens of security. The purpose of article is presenting fi rst, second and third generation of CPTED strategy. Moreover presents safety rules recommended by the Association of Chief Police Offi cers. The article presents also an extrat action in the fi eld of road safety. Article shows the importance of shaping a safety space as a preventive action, which contribute to the economic and social consequences of crime and traffi c incidents in the city.

20

Prawne zagadnienia aktów administracyjnych wydawanych przez Policję w ochronie bezpieczeństwa i porządku ruchu drogowego

88%

Rajchel J.

Społeczeństwo i Edukacja. Międzynarodowe Studia Humanistyczne

|

2012

|

issue 2

175-187

EN

The issues concerning the protection of road traffic safety and road traffic order make up an extremely compound issue, first of all, due to numerous causes and circumstances accompanying them, and also in connection with duties of the state to assure them. They were the object of theoretical deliberations several times. Talking about the causes and circumstances concerning the objective protection it is necessary, first of all, to pay attention to the totality of issues connected with numerous road events occurring in road traffic. The above analysis concerning the legal issues of administrative acts concerning the protection of road traffic safety and road traffic order issued by the police has had mainly a character signalling the significance of the raised problem because in literature this aspect is characterized, but not too often.

Refine search results

Strategic Aspect of the Evaluation of Tangible Costs of Crime – Outline of the Problem

Visual Monitoring Versus Managing the Public Safety Using the Example of Walbrzych

Activities of Police Schools in the Field of Public Security

Police in the System of Public Safety — Polish Experience

Administrowanie lokalne jako jeden z kluczowych czynników przeciwdziałania zagrożeniom dla porządku i bezpieczeństwa publicznego RP

Juvenile Crime in the Masovian Police District: A Threat to Public Security. A Research Analysis

Juvenile Crime in the Masovian Police District: A Threat to Public Security. A Research Analysis

Wypalenie zawodowe w zawodach wysokiego ryzyka

Stres w zawodach wysokiego ryzyka

The Polish Police in the Light of the Statements of the Police Chief Commanders in 1990-2018

Leaders And Followers In The Effectiveness Of Public Safety Services In European States – A Spatial Frontier Approach

The National Map of Security Threats as a tool to monitor security and public order

Forensic Trace as a Condition of Combating Threats Related to Criminal Activities

Monitoring wizyjny i jego wpływ na straty spowodowane przestępczością. Przykłady z wybranych polskich miast

COUNTERACTING AND COMBATING TERRORISM AND ECOTERRORISM BY POLICE AND BORDER GUARD

Theoretical Aspects of Support for Institutions Responsible for the Internal Security of the State by the Armed Forces

Chemical weapons as potential tools in terrorist attacks – risks and preventive action

Safety of Poznań residents after 1989 (selected aspects)

Kształtowanie przestrzeni publicznej z uwzględnieniem aspektów bezpieczeństwa publicznego

Prawne zagadnienia aktów administracyjnych wydawanych przez Policję w ochronie bezpieczeństwa i porządku ruchu drogowego