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EN
Sidgwick’s defence of esoteric morality has been heavily criticized, for example in Bernard Williams’s condemnation of it as a ‘Government House utilitarianism’. It is also at odds with the idea of morality defended by Kant, Rawls, Bernard Gert, Brad Hooker, and T.M. Scanlon. Yet it does seem to be an implication of consequentialism that it is sometimes right to do in secret what it would not be right to do openly, or to advocate publicly. We defend Sidgwick on this issue, and show that accepting the possibility of esoteric morality makes it possible to explain why we should accept consequentialism, even while we may feel disapproval towards some of its implications.
EN
In our presentation, we review the procedure and method of meeting the electoral bodies of different (mainly European) countries – in particular the issue of ensuring the publicity and extent to which they can operate online. In addition, we examine in more detail the practice and procedural method of the Hungarian electoral bodies, in particular the National Election Commission. Based on the above, we also outline the possibilities for the further development of Hungarian practice. Our main findings: it is clear that although online meetings of election commissions are still used only in several countries, but the COVID-19 epidemic has highlighted the need to open up to the online space not only in the election process but also in the practice of individual election bodies. The regulations of the Hungarian National Election Commission define the rules of online meetings in great detail. This makes Hungary one of the few EU countries where it is possible to meet by videoconference. In our opinion, this direction will become decisive in the EU countries in the coming years. Moreover, we do not consider it inconceivable that the entire electoral process (including remote voting) should be digitised, as is the case in Estonia. However, this still requires many steps to be taken by individual countries to increase voter confidence in digitisation. For now, however, we have to be satisfied with one of the positive benefits of the COVID-19 epidemic: the ability to online meetings of election commissions.
Diametros
|
2020
|
vol. 17
|
issue 65
56-76
EN
In Religion within the Bounds of Bare Reason Kant speaks of an ethical state of nature and of an ethico-civil condition, with explicit reference to the juridical state of nature and the juridico-civil condition he discusses at length in his legal-political writings. Given that the Religion is the only work where Kant introduces a parallel between these concepts, one might think that this is only a loose analogy, serving a merely illustrative function. The paper provides a first outline of the similarities and the differences between the state of nature and the civil condition in Right and in ethics. The comparison points to a deeper, structural relation between the two pairs of concepts. By doing so, it makes room for developing a unitary conception of the state of nature and of the civil condition, which would underlie both the ethical and the juridical version.
4
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Public Religion & Secular State: A Kantian Approach

75%
EN
This paper argues that Kant’s distinction between “civil union” (i.e., the state) and “ethical community” can be of great value in dealing with a problem that causes considerable trouble in contemporary political and social philosophy, namely the question of the normative significance and role of religion in political and social life. The first part dwells upon the third part of Kant`s Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason with the intention of exposing the general features of ethical community. It highlights the fact that Kant considers publicity, and indeed public authority, to be constitutive of the ethical community. The second part discusses his argument that we have a unique ethical duty to enter into an ethical community. This discussion clarifies the constitutive purpose of ethical community and sets forth why Kant thought that the ethical community should have a religious form. The third part presents an account of the constitutive purpose of the state (i.e. the political-legal community) in light of the Doctrine of Right. Throughout these steps, as is concluded, the essentials of a model for the relations between law, ethics, and religion emerge, which shows the way in which both religious and secularist worries can be met on a principled basis.
PL
Rozwój mediów społecznościowych sprawił, że stały się one powszechnie wykorzystywanym narzędziem marketingowych public relations w komunikacji z konsumentami. Celem rozważań jest ukazanie korzyści, które mogą wynikać z zaangażowania przedsiębiorstw w komunikację na forum mediów społecznościowych, jak i zagrożeń dla skuteczności działań z zakresu marketingowych public relations. Bezpośrednimi odbiorcami działań komunikacyjnych są konsumenci, jednak w marketingowych public relations ważni są także odbiorcy pełniący rolę przekaźników komunikatu – dziennikarze i liderzy opinii. Stąd też rozważania dotyczą tych trzech grup adresatów marketingowych public relations.
EN
Development of social media has turned them into the commonly used tool of marketing public relations and communication with consumers. The article aims to show the benefits that may result from the companies’ commitment to communicate on the social media forum, as well as threats to the effectiveness of activities in the field of marketing public relations. The recipients of the communication activities are consumers, but marketing public relations are also important in influencing transmitters of the companies’ message - journalists and opinion leaders. That is why considerations relate to these three target groups of marketing public relations.
RU
Развитие социальных медиа привело к тому, что они стали общеиспользуемым орудием маркетинговых public relations в общении с потребителями. Цель рассуждений – указать выгоды, которые могут вытекать из включения предприятий в общение на форуме социальных медиа, а также угрозы для действенности работы в области маркетинговых public relations. Непосредственные адресаты этих действий – потребители, но в маркетинговых public relations важны также адресаты, исполняющие роль передатчиков информации: журналисты и лидеры мнения. Потому рассуждения касаются этих трех групп адресатов маркетинговых public relations.
Glottodidactica
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2014
|
vol. 41
|
issue 1
7-21
PL
The article is dealing with aspects of European communication based on Eurobarometer 2010-2012 exploring the evolution of the public opinion of the EU Member States. The analysis of the European communication will be realized by linguistic and communication research tools such as semiotic-mythological method, discursive method, socio-psychological method, semantic differential, contrastive method and questionnaires. The general aim of the article isconcentrated on the research of interconnected impacts of public opinions along central European questions and in comparison between opinion items in Poland and Germany.
DE
The article is dealing with aspects of European communication based on Eurobarometer 2010-2012 exploring the evolution of the public opinion of the EU Member States. The analysis of the European communication will be realized by linguistic and communication research tools such as semiotic-mythological method, discursive method, socio-psychological method, semantic differential, contrastive method and questionnaires. The general aim of the article is concentrated on the research of interconnected impacts of public opinions along central European questions and in comparison between opinion items in Poland and Germany.
EN
The article attempts to determine similarities and differences between various forms of social communication with special attention given to public relations. The author refers to the concepts of such handbook writers as: K. Wojcik, S. Black, and W. Furman, who tried to identify characteristic features of public relations, marketing, advertising, and publicity (campaigning). Various forms of social communication are discussed in praxiological and ethical context. From this perspective, public relations play the crucial role nowadays, however technological revolutions and tough (fierce) competition on the free market may cause far reaching unification of methods and techniques of social communication.
EN
Media Tenor tracked media coverage of political parties in periods of three months prior to elections to the Chamber of Deputies in 2006 and 2010. Czech Social Democratic Party enjoyed overwhelming media prevalence in a first analyzed period, Civic Democratic Party prevailed in 2010. Neither of instances resulted in a highest voting outcome for the most covered party. The research confirmed private news services to be keeping conservative approaches while (not) presenting new and not well-known political groups. They covered TOP 09 Party and Public Affairs Party (Věci veřejné) rather marginally in 2010. Researchers focused also on a coverage of chairmen of main parties and air-time enjoyed by politicians to quote own party or co-party members.
EN
Transparency is one of the major rules in the public auctions. Its presence enables the concerned to perform supervising actions as part of social control. It consists in fulfilling publishing and information duties of an ordering entity and also encompasses availability of the tender documents, including a protocol and a public procurement contract. This paper is aimed at establishing the rules of making the contents of contract available and its meaning in the scope of social controlling.
PL
Jawność stanowi jedną z zasad zamówień publicznych. Jej realizacja umożliwia zainteresowanym dokonywanie czynności sprawdzających w ramach tzw. społecznego kontrolowania. Sprowadza się do realizacji obowiązków publikacyjno-informacyjnych podmiotu zamawiającego, obejmuje również dostęp do dokumentacji postępowania, w tym protokołu oraz umowy o udzielenie zamówienia publicznego. Określeniu zasad udostępnienia zawartości umowy oraz jej znaczenia w ramach społecznego kontrolowania jest poświęcone niniejsze opracowanie.
XX
Zastosowanie public relations w działalności biblioteki staje się niezwykle pożądane i niezbędne w budowaniu pozytywnego wizerunku i zaufania w oczach czytelników. W artykule określono rolę PR w bibliotece, zidentyfikowano obszary oddziaływania marketingu wewnętrznego i zewnętrznego oraz narzędzia i techniki komunikacji. Przedstawiono cały szereg działań kształtujących wizerunek biblioteki, w tym narzędzia Web 2.0.
EN
PR are indispensable for creating the positive image of a library and its reliability in the eyes of its users. This article presents the role of public relations in the library, especially image-building internal and external marketing and tools and techniques of communication. The article also describes the activities shaping the image of a library, including Web 2.0 tools.
RU
В статье рассмотрены актуальные проблемы правовой регламентации и практики реализации принципа открытости и гласности пассивного избирательного права в Российской Федерации. В их числе деятельность: органов государственной власти, органов местного самоуправления и избирательных комиссий по информированию избирателей о порядке и сроках подготовки и проведения выборов; членов избирательных комиссий с правом совещательного голоса; доверенных лиц кандидатов в депутаты и на выборные государственные, муниципальные должности; наблюдателей в день голосования на избирательных участках; журналистов и средств массовой информации.
EN
The article deals with the actual problems of legal regulation and practice of realization of a principle of openness and publicity of passive suffrage in the Russian Federation.
EN
This article is an up-to-date research of the problem of understanding of food as a literary and cultural code, characteristic manner of the character, peculiarities of the plot organization of the text and etc. The author pays attention to the newly-published and understudied work of the famous Ukrainian writer and analyzes it in the appropriate context. This article considers the features of the novel by O. Malyarenko "Typical Borya, or Two at One Table". The work analyzes peculiarities of the genre structure of the text, identifies features of the title of the work, defines its genre specificity. This article also investigates the role of food in the structure of "Typical Borja, or Two at One Table", analyzes the level of interaction between the main characters in the work. Separately, the author of the article ponders the question about the role of the mythological concept at different levels of organization of the work.
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