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EN
Apollinaire: from plays on words to plays on meanings, or “Soleil cou coupé” Guillaume Apollinaire (1880–1918), who introduced the new spirit in French poetry at the dawn of the 20th century, is most known for being the author of Alcools. With this collection of poems published in 1913, the new poetry was born. Both enigmatic and structured, devoid of any punctuation and open to interpretation, it also offers very extravagant and daring words combinations, and is therefore subject to unexpected readings. Indeed, to create a strongly new and modern poetic language, Apollinaire doesn’t hesitate to use for example the homonymic and polysemic peculiarities of language – where puns come out, hateful for some people, but remarkable for others – that he puts at the heart of his poetic approach in order to surprise, playing with ambiguity. After a quick return on the story of the pun, this study is devoted to play on words and meanings in the poetic art of Apollinaire. It especially focuses on highlighting their two functions: breaking the linearity of the poetic text and creating a new dimension of meaning and reading.
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PL
The article concentrates on the etymological and quasi-etymological considerations of Julian Tuwim, his fascination with Slavism and the future of language and word-formative experiments. Of course, there is no mention here about a program manifesto forming a logically ordered lecture in an academic sense. The linguistic knowledge of the poet “can be recognized” in his opinions appearing in Pegazie dęba or in funny poetical puns and metalinguistic utterances. It must be emphasized that in the writer’s opinion, language is not only a substance used for creation of the literary vision of the world. The artist makes efforts to comprehend the secrets of a language system and even draws conclusions of theoretical nature, turning language into a kind of a “protagonist” of his own poetic texts, journalistic texts or texts on the theory of literature.
EN
Capitalizing on the universal linguistic feature of ambiguity, punning utterances can be found in languages as distinct as the Indo-European, marginally inflected English and the Sino-Tibetan, monosyllabic, inflectionless Chinese. Though forming a tiny fraction of the utterances produced in these languages, they tend to stand out and can be encountered in diverse communicative settings, including poetry and prose, jokes and comedy routines, advertising slogans and book titles. Whether perceived as “the lowest form of wit” or a lofty rhetorical device, they perform a wide range of functions which are often grounded in distinct cultural and historical backgrounds they are embedded in. The objective of this article is to identify the most striking differences in the functions served by typical English and Chinese puns and to investigate the cultural factors underlying these differences. Adopting Jakobson’s model of language functions as the organizing principle for the discussion, I examine a range of puns in the two languages, comparing and contrasting the motivations for their use.
EN
The present study aims at analyzing puns from the front page of the newspaper Canard Enchaîné, more precisely the deconstruction of meanings and the reconstruction of new meanings by means of this linguistic process. As it is shown by the specialized literature, the nature of the pun itself actually reveals the lexical or semantic organization of all pre-constructed material. The puns used in our corpus will extend, as we shall see, from polysemy and ambiguity resulting from the multitude of meanings that a word can have, to the construction of portmanteau words: « Pour Standard et Poor’s : Cet accord Mercozy, c’est de la poudre de Berlinpimpin » (Canard enchaîné, 4754), the construction of new words : « Après l’annonce surprise du référendum le choeur des 26 européens : On s’est fait Papandréouter » (Canard enchaîné, 4749), to finally arrive at the use of defrosted structures, as in the example: « Sommet à Bruxelles pour sauver la Grèce et l’euro. L’Europe peine à reprendre du poil de la dette » (Canard enchaîné, 4734).
EN
The article deals with sound values of the Polish language described with the idea of using them in the teaching of Polish. The author compiles a list of onomatopoeic words — nouns, verbs, interjections and idioms — suggesting ideas for exercises to be used in classroom. Teachers are en­couraged to use the linguistic material provided, rhymes, puns and linguistic jokes, which are some­times unintentional. This will enable them to move from “humour from pupils’ notebooks”, betray­ing the incompetence of not only pupils but also their teachers, to methodical playing with words.
PL
Artykuł dotyczy gier językowych występujących w tytułach publikacji religijnych. Na potrzeby artykułu publikacje książkowe i audiobooki traktuję jako towar, a ich tytuły – jako teksty reklamowe. Analiza formalna zebranego materiału badawczego wykazała, że podobnie jak w praktyce komunikacyjnej twórców reklam, tak i w praktyce autorów tytułów tekstów religijnych modne stały się gry z odbiorcą w potoczność. Do rodzajów strategii, którymi posługują się wspomniani autorzy, należą również: stosowanie frazeologizmów potocznych i ich modyfikacji, żart, kontrast, zaskakujące stopniowanie, używanie rozkaźnika w funkcji apelu, prośby, rady, antroponimy, nawiązania intertekstualne do wątków kulturowych z zakresu sztuki, literatury, filmu, odwołania do slangu, gra formą foniczną wyrazów.
EN
The article is about puns that are used in religious publications. For the sake of the article books and audio-books are treated as goods and their titles as advertising texts. The formal analysis of the collected research material proved that, similarly to the advertisement producers communication practice, puns have become a fashionable way of playing colloquially with the reader. Among the strategies used by the mentioned authors also are: a use of colloquial idioms and their modification, jokes, contrasts, amusing comparatives and superlatives, a use of imperative as a plea, requests, advices, anthroponomy, phonic puns and references to culture, art, literature, movie and slang.
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