The paper presents a critical analysis of the current state of qualitative research approaches in the social sciences and humanities within Slovak academic institutions. The author has been inspired by the metaphor of academic “barbaricum”. This analytical category is based on a model of the relationship between core and periphery, which has no clear function or organisational logic. From the scientific point of view, the core/centre should produce and innovate the theory, whereas the periphery should apply it. In Slovakia-contrary to the situation in Western academia-, the last two decades have seen a growth in the numbers of academic institutions dealing with the humanities (and partly with the social sciences), and stagnation in qualitative social research. The author suggests that if the Slovak social sciences aspire is to becoming part of the so-called European academic space, then this will certainly not be possible without much stronger and extensive support for social research based on qualitative approaches and methods.
The paper presents practical execution of a course The Qualitative Research Methods at the two-year master’s programs 3+2 (MA) in pedagogy at the Faculty of Education of University of Białystok, conducted according to premises of research-based learning (RBL). The aim of The Qualitative Research Methods is to develop research competence of students in the area of designing, conducting and reporting qualitative research. During classes the students prepare team projects of qualitative research dealing with their everyday life. The paper presents the results of analysis of 161 projects of qualitative research done over three-year period (2017–2020). Methodological premises done by the students at the stage of research planning were reconstructed: 1) the topic of research; 2) the subject and the goals of research; 3) motivation of a subject choice; 4) research problems. The analysis allowed to establish that linking research with teaching enables students to gain knowledge of: 1) conducting scientific research; 2) the scientific field they study as well as the fields related to it; 3) team work (including one dealing with executing and presenting the scientific research); 4) themselves as researchers.
The purpose of the article is to analyze the idea of interdisciplinary research involving pastoral theology and sociology. This is one of the methodological proposals for research projects carried out under pastoral theology. Interdisciplinarity is understood as combining research methods for the cooperation of scientists from both disciplines in the process of planning, implementing and interpreting the results of empirical research. It is inspired by a problem identified in pastoral theology that requires exploration. The presentation consists of three parts. The first is devoted to the location of empirical research within pastoral theology. The second concerns the assumptions and significance of interdisciplinary research involving pastoral theologians and sociologists. In the final part, the areas of interdisciplinary cooperation among the research teams are pointed out. The potential of qualitative research as a space for cooperation among representatives of both sciences and as an important source of knowledge from the viewpoint of pastoral theology is shown. The comparative and synthetic method was used. The analysis shows that interdisciplinary research in the field of pastoral theology has great potential related to the acquisition and interpretation of multi-faceted empirical data and the designation of new research fields, which will significantly enrich the theological analysis process as well as the presentation and application of pastoral models.
Globalisation in education sector, intense competition between universities in Latvia, increase in requirements of applied teaching from private companies, growing exactingness from students – it all makes base to improve University curricula using different active teaching techniques for better knowledge capture. In the case study of University of Latvia tourism study programme authors included practice of active teaching method application used to improve student understanding and competences including research, surveys, observations, shadowing, monitoring and register of the tourist tracks, expert interviews and industry seminars, discussions and interviews with industry stakeholders, field trips, different tourism sector enterprise and organisation visits inspections, colloquiums, research result presentations in seminars and conferences, knowledge enhancing for sustainability, best practices and systems used by other countries. Many of active learning methods are as additional activities for students not included in the compulsory part of studies, therefore it is needed to establish an additional separate entity for tourism and sustainability activities for applied teaching and research at university – Tourism and Sustainability Research Laboratory. Separate research entity gives possibility to involve interested students from different study programmes and cooperation with other faculties.
The paper is areport from the conference Diagnosis in culture wich took place from 15th to 16th of October in Culture Center “Zamek” in Poznań. The aim of the organisers was to present diagnosis as a distinct type of research in the field of culture. It is apoorly examined realm of humanities and social sciences that is always guided by apractical purpose. Among 23 authors of the discussed papers there were both researchers, cultural animators and artists. They presented distinct types of diagnosis: from quantitive or class diagnosis to long-term observation derived from ethnographical traditions.
Aim. To define and describe the positions of Ukrainians in their attitude to the war on Russia and reflection of this attitude in the discourse of daily life in wartime. Concept/Methods. 25 transcripts of semi-structured interviews subjected to thematic analysis. Relying on the categories identified through thematic analysis, the criteria differentiating the attitude of Ukrainians to the war, viz. personalization/depersonalization, media practice of content consumption, assessment of the so called “we-they-relationship”, reflection on the changes in daily life, the process of adaptation to changes, ideas of exemplary behavior were established. Results and conclusion. The analysis of the results enabled to outline the problematic field of assessment of the attitude of Ukrainians to the full-scale war on Russia and reflection of this attitude in the discourse of daily life in wartime. Relying on the criteria differentiating this attitude, three typical positions in the attitude of Ukrainians to the war were outlined – that of external observer, optimistic fatalist, and rational optimist. Practical application. Clarification of the specific characteristics of the attitude of Ukrainians to the war and perception of the enemy under such circumstances enables to envisage the public opinion response to certain decisions related to the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine, to plan communication campaigns promoting volunteer movement with due account of different positions taken by Ukrainians as well as to determine the degree of psycho-traumatizing of individuals in the crisis situation of war via discourse. Originality/Cognitive value. The study was conducted in October-November 2022, on the ninth month of the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine, and it reflects the thoughts of Ukrainian civilians concerning the war, its reasons, collective responsibility of Russians, and, finally, changes occurring in the life of the country and every individual, the process of adaptation to this complex situation. The use of quality methods (semi-structured interview) for the study ensured focusing on subjective peculiarities of the perception of war and daily life during in wartime. Conclusions: The typology of ideas, types of attitude of Ukrainians to the reality of war requires verification and further specification within a quantitative study aimed at clarification of quantitative figures representing the prevalence of the established positions.
W badaniach z zakresu pedagogiki pracy wskazane jest poszerzenie spektrum stosowanych metod badawczych. Chodzi tu nie tylko o metody ilościowe, ale również jakościowe. Uznać można, że problematyka badawcza pedagogiki pracy wyraźnie wskazuje na przydatność takich metod. Pedagogika pracy, z uwagi na specyficzne tereny i problemy badawcze, jest w moim przekonaniu szczególnie pretendowana do wykorzystywania na szeroką skalę metod jakościowych. Przykłady zastosowania takich metod ukazano w prezentowanym artykule.
EN
In the research within the pedagogy of labour, there is the need to broaden the choice of research methods. Both quantitative and qualitative methods may be in question. It can be assumed that such methods will prove useful as far as the issues of the pedagogy of labour are concerned. The pedagogy of labour, due to its specific scope and issues, is suited for using qualitative research methods to a large extent. The article presents examples of using this kind of methods.
Aim. Identification and construction of the typology of attitudes of health care professionals in Ukraine to the current COVID-19 situation and vaccination process. Methods. Transcripts of 49 semi-structured interviews subjected to thematic analysis constituted the subject matter of the analysis. On the basis of the categories identified within the thematic analysis process, a typology was developed, with due account of two parameters: the idea about the origin of the virus: artificial or natural, and the attitude of the informants to the policy (implementation of policy decisions) chosen by the authorities to fight the virus. Combination of these two parameters gives four standpoints-types of attitude of health care professionals to the risks associated with COVID-19. Results and conclusion. Analysis of the results has enabled to outline the problem field for assessing the risk of COVID-19, which includes three topics, as well as to point out four typical standpoints in the attitude displayed by health care professionals that are marked as “magical thinking,” “technological thinking,” “negativistic thinking,” “critical thinking.” Originality. The research was conducted during the third wave of coronavirus in Ukraine, therefore, it reflects the analysed opinions of health care professionals about the threat of COVID-19 and vaccination process. The fact that the research was performed using qualitative methods ensured focusing on subjective peculiarities of the perception of changes in the COVID-19 situation.
This study provides the first critical and systematic investigation of the literature on Means-End Chain theory after the ground-breaking book “Understanding Consumer Decision Making: The Means-End Approach to Marketing and Advertising Strategy” by Olson and Reynolds (2001). The sample of 157 articles published in the Science Direct, Emerald, and Wiley databases was investigated. The period covers scientific literature published from 2001 to 2018. The paper shows the main theoretical concepts, methodological approaches, research problems, and findings. The results of the literature review demonstrate that the Means-End Chain theory is an evolving area of research and is gaining importance in academia and management. Some important gaps in the knowledge of theoretical and methodological levels were identified, and the most important directions for further studies were proposed.
PL
Celem artykułu jest systematyczny i krytyczny przegląd literatury dotyczący teorii łańcucha środków-celów i wywiadów drabinkowych wykorzystywanych w badaniach konsumenckich. Przegląd jest dokonany na podstawie 157 artykułów opublikowanych w bazach danych Science Direct, Emerald oraz Willey, w których uwzględniono opracowania wydane między rokiem 2001 a 2018. Artykuł przedstawia podstawowe koncepcje teoretyczne podejścia środków-celów, problemy badawcze, metody wykorzystywane w badaniach i główne wnioski z badań. Wyniki przeglądu literatury potwierdzają, że teoria łańcucha środków-celów jest obszarem dynamicznie rozwijającym się pod względem badawczym w świecie naukowym oraz w praktyce zarządzania. Zidentyfikowano luki poznawcze związane z obszarem teorii i metodologii badań i zaproponowano nowe kierunki przyszłych badań.
Artykuł jest refleksją nad rozwojem i wyzwaniami rysującymi się przed multidyscyplinarnym środowiskiem badaczy dyskursu publicznego (dyskursów publicznych) w Polsce na przykładzie zainicjowanych w środowisku łódzkim Warsztatów Analizy Dyskursu, które następnie przerodziły się w Konsorcjum Analizy Dyskursu. Impulsem do napisania poniższych uwag była lektura redagowanej monografii zbiorowej Dyskurs elit symbolicznych. Próba diagnozy (Czyżewski i in., red., 2014, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Akademickie Sedno), która stanowi pierwsze efekty trudnego założenia inter- i transdyscyplinarnej współpracy badaczy nie tylko reprezentujących różne dziedziny nauki, ale też różne podejścia w obrębie analizy dyskursu. Prowadzone rozważania podejmują próbę nie tylko krytycznej lektury tekstów zebranych w tomie, ale też starają się usytuować publikację w międzynarodowej perspektywie badań nad dyskursem.
EN
This article provides reflection on the state-of-the-art and key challenges of qualitative discourse studies as a social science research method in Poland. It focuses on the so-called Workshops in Discourse Analysis [Warsztaty Analizy Dyskursu], a multidisciplinary research collaboration that, initially taking place informally at the University of Lodz, eventually evolved and became institutionalized as a national Consortium for Discourse Studies [Konsorcjum Analizy Dyskursu]. At its core, the article provides a critical review of the volume The Discourse of Symbolic Elites: Towards a Diagnosis (Dyskurs elit symbolicznych. Próba diagnozy [M. Czyżewski, K. Franczak, M. Nowicka, J. Stachowiak, eds., 2014]), which is the first major publication resulting from works of (selected) members of the aforementioned research consortium. As is argued in the article, the focal publication displays the significant amount of challenges faced by the multidisciplinary collaboration within the area of discourse studies. These challenges not only stem from the fact that discourse analysts working in Poland come from different arts & humanities and social science disciplines, but also are rooted in the fact that these researchers draw on various—and often significantly different—traditions in qualitative discourse studies, and often do not engage sufficiently in a constructive dialogue with existent and well-established approaches to discourse research. Hence, the article not only summarizes the key distinctive features of the volume under review, but also attempts to position the state-of-the-art of discourse analysis in Poland within the contemporary international landscape of (critical) discourse studies.
Purpose: When the “linguistic turn” is replaced by the “visual turn”, there is a natural need for social scientists to embrace the new reality and incorporate visuals in their research. As a result, the importance of visual research, which centers on the use of visual sources, is growing. This paper provides an overview of how visual materials and related methodological approaches can be used in qualitative management and accounting research. Methodology/approach: We begin by reviewing the literature on the research methods, drawing from many disciplines such as sociology, organizational learning, management, and accounting. Next, we analyze three cases – already published papers in accounting – to illustrate how photography can be used in qualitative accounting research. Findings: There is a growing literature on visual research methods. Researchers have used visual materials as primary and secondary data and multiple methodological approaches. Visual methods can also be used in accounting research. Originality/value: This paper provides an overview of emerging methodological approaches that use visual materials and discusses how they can be incorporated into qualitative account-ing research. Research limitations: Drawing a simple line between the various approaches presented in this paper is difficult as researchers can use visual material in unique ways throughout the research process. Therefore, the presented methodological categorizations can only help to better understand emerging visual research.
PL
Cel: Kiedy „podejście lingwistyczne” zostaje zastąpione „podejściem wizualnym” pojawia się naturalna potrzeba, aby badacze w naukach społecznych przyjęli nową rzeczywistość i włączyli materiał wizualny do swoich badań. W rezultacie rośnie znaczenie badań, które koncentrują się na wykorzystaniu materiałów wizualnych jako źródła danych. Celem ni-niejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie przeglądu, jak materiały wizualne mogą być wyko-rzystywane w badaniach z zakresu zarządzania i rachunkowości oraz możliwych podejść metodologicznych, które badacz stosujący metody jakościowe może zastosować przy włą-czaniu materiałów wizualnych do projektu badawczego. Metodyka/podejście badawcze: W artykule podjęto się usystematyzowania wiedzy z zakre-su wizualnych metod badawczych, czerpiąc z doświadczeń wielu dyscyplin, takich jak socjo-logia, organizacyjne uczenie się, organizacja, zarządzanie i rachunkowość. Następnie przedstawiono trzy studia przypadków – wcześniej opublikowane artykuły naukowe jako ilustracje, w jaki sposób, w szczególności, fotografia, może być wykorzystywana w bada-niach jakościowych w obszarze rachunkowości. Wyniki: Istnieje literatura na temat wizualnych metod badawczych. Badacze wykorzystu-ją materiały wizualne jako dane pierwotne i wtórne oraz stosują różne podejścia metodolo-giczne w celu włączenia materiałów wizualnych do projektów badawczych. Oryginalność́/wartość́: Niniejszy artykuł zawiera przegląd pojawiających się podejść metodologicznych, które wykorzystują materiały wizualne jako źródło danych i omawia, w jaki sposób można je włączyć do projektów badawczych w dziedzinie rachunkowości. Ograniczenia badawcze: Narysowanie prostej linii między różnymi podejściami przed-stawionymi w tym artykule jest trudne, ponieważ badacze mogą wykorzystywać materiały wizualne na różne sposoby, dlatego przedstawione kategoryzacje metodologiczne mogą jedynie pomóc w lepszym zrozumieniu pojawiających się badań wizualnych i nie mogą być traktowane jako kompletna lista.
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