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EN
The study is devoted to highlighting the priorities of European Union policy in the sphere of higher education. On the basis of structural and logical analysis of the EU documents devoted to the problems of higher education quality, the dynamics of development of Quality Assurance strategies in teaching in HEI is characterized. The analysis of the source of the study made it clear that the issues of ensuring the quality of teaching in higher education had become the subject of cooperation between the political and academic communities of the European region from the very first days of the existence of the EU. It is revealed that the problem of the quality of higher education and teaching excellence remains relevant in modern conditions. Through the terminological analysis of the content of international and national documents on higher education, the essence of key concepts of research (quality of higher education, quality of teaching in higher school) is specified. The structure of standards for quality assurance in higher education developed and adopted by ENQA in cooperation with other regional organizations, members of the E-4 Bologna Process Group is highlighted. It is shown that the Standards outline, first of all, the context, scope, purposes and principles for Quality Assurance (QA) in the European Higher Education Area. Three dimensions of standards are defined: 1) internal (institutional); 2) external (national, supranational); 3) standards for the quality assurance agencies. The political, administrative, pedagogical and technological dimensions of the recommendations presented in the modern EU documents on QA of teaching at the higher school are outlined. The urgent directions of the updated EU agenda on QA of higher education, adopted in 2017, were found: 1) tackling future skills mismatches and promoting excellence in skills development; 2) building inclusive and connected higher education systems; 3) ensuring higher education institutions contribute to innovation; 4) supporting effective and efficient higher education systems. Conclusions are made on deepening of interpretation of the essence of the problems existing in European higher education in EU documents. The trends consist in the transition from general political rhetoric to the need to ensure the quality of the educational process to a highly professional, holistic analysis of the mechanisms for solving the problem, which includes the characteristics of the external (political, economic, social, cultural) and internal (academic) contexts of the functioning of European higher education; generalization of the positive experience of national educational systems from the problem under study; development of European Standards and Recommendations on QA; scientific and pedagogical recommendations on the application of innovative forms and teaching methods, high-tech approaches to organization of the educational process; promotion of high quality teaching and formation of a system of continuous professional development of higher school teachers.
EN
University is an institution whose fundamental task is to gain and distribute scientific truth. Until recently, academic education was seen as a value itself, nowadays, however, a university is often considered an economic institution, expected to swiftly produce workforce. Due to such perspective, higher education is degraded to a peculiar branch of industry, whose essence is to sell its services. An academic diploma instead of being a symbol of knowledge, has become another commodity available on the market. The thing that forced the transformation of the higher education system was acceding to the Bologna Process. The aim of the research was to get to know students’ opinions concerning the realization of the Bologna Process resolutions. An attempt to analyze the connection between the opinions of the students on such matters as multistage studies, ECTS points, students’ mobility, a diploma supplement and procedures ensuring the correct education quality in terms of a profile, department and stage of studies was made. The results indicate various opinions among students concerning the Bologna Process with the majority of them declaring not having any opinion about it at all. The respondents of the practical fields of studies and state vocational schools are positive about the multistage form of studying. The group representing the 2nd stage of studying declare that multistage studies make education process longer and they are often more critical towards the diploma supplement. The representatives of general fields of university studies declare that the division of the education process into degrees, makes the process longer and is the source of extra duties, for example, writing a B.A. dissertation.  
PL
Uniwersytet to instytucja, której fundamentalnym zadaniem jest zdobywanie i przekazywanie prawdy naukowej. Do niedawna edukacja akademicka postrzegana była jako wartość sama w sobie, obecnie zaś dominuje postrzeganie uczelni wyższej jako instytucji ekonomicznej, od której oczekuje się szybkiego przygotowywania siły roboczej. W takiej perspektywie edukacja wyższa sprowadzona zostaje do roli edukacyjnego przemysłu nastawionego na sprzedaż usług. Dyplom akademicki z symbolu wiedzy i wykształcenia, a więc wartości samej w sobie, staje się towarem. Wydarzeniem, które wymusiło przeobrażenia w systemie szkolnictwa wyższego, była implementacja Deklaracji bolońskiej. Celem badań było poznanie opinii studentów na temat realizacji postanowień Deklaracji bolońskiej. Podjęto próbę analizy związku pomiędzy opiniami badanych o takich kwestiach jak: wielostopniowość studiów, punktacja ECTS, mobilność studentów, suplement do dyplomu, procedury zapewniające jakość kształcenia, a profilem, kierunkiem, trybem i etapem studiów. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują na zróżnicowane opinie studentów o narzędziach procesu bolońskiego, znacząca grupa badanych deklaruje brak zdania. Respondenci kierunków praktycznych oraz państwowych szkół zawodowych pozytywnie postrzegają wieloetapowość studiów. Badani, reprezentujący studia II stopnia deklarują, iż studia wieloetapowe wydłużają kształcenie, częściej także wyrażają krytyczne opinie o suplemencie do dyplomu. Przedstawiciele kierunków ogólnoakademickich uznają, iż podział procesu edukacji na stopnie wydłuża kształcenie, jest źródłem dodatkowych obowiązków np. przygotowanie pracy licencjackiej.
PL
Ważne znaczenie w programie studiów przypisywane jest przedmiotowi Technologia informacyjna. Zgodnie z założeniami programowymi i zaleceniami wynikającymi z procedur jakości kształcenia przedmiotowi temu zostały przypisane efekty kształcenia w zakresie wiedzy, umiejętności oraz kompetencji społecznych. Efekty te poddane zostały walidacji. Założono trzy obszary badań: ocenę uzyskania każdego efektu kształcenia; ocenę metod dydaktycznych oraz metod oceniania; ocenę liczby efektów kształcenia oraz możliwość propozycji własnych efektów kształcenia.
EN
Great significance in university courses is attributed to the subject of information technology. According to curricula and guidelines resulting from procedures for the quality of teaching this subject has been associated with teaching effects in the area of know-how, skills and social competences. These effects have been validated. Three areas of research have been scheduled: evaluation of each of the teaching effects, assessment of didactic as well as grading methods; assessment of a number of teaching effects and a possibility of suggesting one’s own teaching effects.
EN
The Speech ‘Uplifting forces in the classroom, quality in education and professionalism of teachers’ delivered by Prof. Dr. Wilhelm Schwendemann refers to the PISA Report and Martin Buber’s principle of ‘uplifting forces’ in a dialogue-based structured class. The capability of dialogue strengthens the component of relationship between student and teacher. Martin Buber aims to strengthen and develop the personality of both teacher and student. The pivotal argument for a good relationship between student and teacher is, additional to the capability of dialogue the trust, which improves the self-efficacy and the self-worth of a person. This is formed mainly by the authenticity of the other person. Through measuring the quality of education in a class, the individual learning process should be made possible, be maintained, be improved and be assessed. Beneficial, by looking at the relation between didactics and methods, are mainly the tactics that are focused on the proces and the impact it has on the students. The quality of the education is then looked at, with a list of the broad expectations towards a teacher. Ultimately the deciding factor for a better quality and professionalism in the class or learning environment is the quality of the relationships, like Martin Buber’s principle on the ‘ability of dialogue’ says.
DE
Der Vortrag ‚Aufbauende Kräfte im Unterricht, Unterrichtsqualität und Lehrerprofessionalität‘ von Prof. Dr. Wilhelm Schwendemann bezieht sich auf die PISA-Studie und Martin Bubers Prinzip der ‚aufbauenden Kräfte‘ im dialogischen Unterricht. Martin Buber geht es um die Dialogfähigkeit, welche die Beziehungskomponente im Unterricht zwischen Schüler innen und Lehrkraft stärkt. Dabei zielt er auf die Stärkung und Entfaltung der Persönlichkeit bei Lernenden, sowie auch Lehrenden. Ausschlaggebend für eine gute Lehrer/Lehrerinnen-Schüler/Schülerinnen-Beziehung ist zusätzlich zurDialogfähigkeit das Vertrauen, was die Selbstwirksamkeit und den Selbstwert stärkt. Dieses entsteht hauptsächlich durch die Authentizität der Lehrperson. Durch das Messen der Qualität eines Unterrichts sollen individuelle Lernprozesse bei Lernenden ermöglicht, aufrechterhalten, verbessert und bewertet werden. Förderlich, beim genaueren Betrachten des Verhältnisses von Didaktikund Methodik, sind Prozess- und Wirkungsorientiertheit. Die Güte von Lehre wird mit einer Aufzählung der umfangreichen Erwartungen an eine Lehrkraft thematisiert. Letztendlich ist jedoch die Beziehungsqualität im dialogischen Unterricht das Ausschlaggebende, um Qualität und Professionalität zu erhöhen.
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