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EN
This paper examines self-fashioning in Aleksandar Hemon’s “Everything,” a story about a Sarajevo teenager’s journey through ex-Yugoslavia to the Slovenian town of Murska Sobota. His aim? “[T]o buy a freezer chest for my family” (39). While in transit, the first-person narrator imagines himself a rogue of sorts; the fictional journey he takes, meanwhile, is clearly within the quest tradition. The paper argues that “Everything” is an unruly text because by the end of the story the reader must jettison the conventional reading traditions the quest narrative evokes. What begins as a comic tale about a minor journey opens out, in the story’s final lines, into a story about larger historical concerns, namely, the Yugoslav wars of the 1990s. By introducing contemporary history, Hemon points beyond the closed world of his short story, while rejecting the quest pattern he has established.
EN
The paper is an attempt to show the specificity of human knowledge and also its insufficiency when contrasted with the feeling that we still know very little or almost nothing. The presented problem is discussed from the perspective of hermeneutics. According to the view of Socrates, only by being true to themselves can humans know their nature and actually their insignificance to the universe. Theologians explain, though, that the human condition, although very poor as such – according to the will of God – can be filled with grace. Our faith is largely founded on non-knowledge. We still face our own ignorance and the confrontation with non-knowledge becomes the cause of constantly asking new questions and of human development in general.
FR
Using the explicit‑implicit socio‑critical approach systematized by Pierre Barberis, I will endeavour to trace the heuristic itinerary of a pugnacious illegitimate child in quest of her fugitive father. I will focus on textual clues and hermeneutical levers in order to reveal damages resulted in the absence of the father in the conjugal apparatus. In the first part, I will intend to prove that any paternal irresponsibility affects the vital equilibrium which is necessary to development within family and society. The second part, in turn, puts an emphasis on how psychological damages due to failed family life may result in reifying of minorities through the violation of women and children’s rights. Finally, I will endeavour to show that through the inter‑subjective gender approach one may see the project of a new world which fosters social justice for all sexes.
EN
Boris Pasternak debuted at the onset of the 20th century, when Russian art witnessed radical transformations consisting in a departure from tradition and a quest for new content and forms of artistic expression. His family, however, disapproved of modernist aesthetics. The young poet thus found himself at an aesthetic crossroads and evaded making a decisive choice. On the one hand, he referred to nineteenth-century poetry, and on the other hand, he took an active part in the current literary life and maintained contacts with the Symbolists. He joined the moderate Futurist group ‘Tsentrifuga,’ which, however, did not exert a fundamental impact upon his oeuvre. Pasternak voiced opinions regarding various aesthetic problems and in the 1920s started to free himself from the influence of the then dominating literary milieus. He severed contacts with Futurism (including Mayakovsky), chose a path of his own, and rewrote a number of his early poems. At the beginning of the 1930s he announced his ‘second birth’. This involved evoking the traditions of nineteenth-century art and in particular, realism. Pasternak emphasized the priority of content over form and the merit of simplicity of poetic statements, the principle to which he remained loyal to the very end of his creative path.
EN
Various studies and investigations of our contemporary society point out education as the chance to „mend” or „fix” our future. As the example of various countries show, measurable positive effects can be achieved if education is treated seriously and as a priority. It is, however, not easy to find a consensus how to best incite young persons to take on civilizational challenges and chores our future has in store for us and tackle them successfully- be it individually or collectively. Polish educational models oscillate between two opposites. On the one end we see the stubborn insistence on a traditional coercive-paternalistic model ( thence the image of the „blind man”), and various liberal concepts that strive to liberate students of all ages from exaggerated encyclopedizm and supervision and limitation of their actions and independence (hence the metaphor of the „Wanderer”) . On the backdrop of these discussions/ arguments and disputes a third concept can be seen emerging, reluctantly, a little blurred still, but yet present (the image of the owl presents itself). It is an educational scheme targeted on the achievement of human wisdom and its gradual exponentiation. Whether this model has a chance to develop and mature depends on the care and circumspection of those who feel the responsibility for our common future (The „Table of Wisdom”). Will it have a chance to come true?
PL
Wiele studiów i analiz współczesności wskazuje na edukację jako szansę „naprawy” przyszłości. Wiele krajów pokazuje, że jej priorytetowe zadania na skali ważnych innych zadań państwa przynoszą wymierne rezultaty. Spory oscylują wokół takiej jej formuły, która umożliwiałaby przysposabianie młodych ludzi do podjęcia (skutecznego indywidualnie i wspólnotowo) nowych cywilizacyjnie zadań i wyzwań. Polska edukacja póki co rozpięta jest pomiędzy uporczywym trwaniem w nakazowo-rozdzielczej jej formule (tu: metafora ślepca) i/a pojawiającymi się koncepcjami uwalniania dzieci/uczniów/studentów od zbyt rozbudowanego encyklopedyzmu i nadzorowania ich działania (tu: metafora wędrowca). W tle tego dyskursu/dyskusji/sporów pojawia się, choć na razie nieśmiało, mgliście (tu: metafora sowy) projekt edukacji stawiającej na wydobywanie mądrości człowieka i jej spokojnego potęgowania. Szansa na jego rozbudowanie i urzeczywistnienie ukryta jest w mądrości działania dorosłych na rzecz przyszłości (tu: metafora stołu mądrości). Czy się spełni?
EN
George Sand's originality stems from her desire not to be devastated by the afflictions and setbacks that cruelly crossed her life. Paradoxically, political disenchantment and sentimental disappointment made her a very optimistic and enthusiastic woman, in love with life and its harshest and most discreet joys. Sand never sought to deny the misfortunes that consumed her life, her heart and her mind. She accepted them while seeking to take advantage of them and sublimate them, always living in the hope of finding what rejoices her heart, revives her strength of love and renews her faith in the future. This quest for happiness, Sand carried it to the last breath: the secret of Sandian bliss lies both in writing and in nature.
FR
L'originalité de George Sand naît de cette volonté de ne pas être dévastée par les afflictions et les revers qui ont cruellement traversé sa vie. Paradoxalement, le désenchantement politique et la déception sentimentale ont fait d'elle une femme très optimiste et enthousiaste, amoureuse de la vie et de ses joies les plus âpres comme les plus discrètes. Sand n'a jamais cherché à nier les malheurs qui ont consumé sa vie, son coeur et son esprit. Elle les accepte tout en cherchant à en tirer profit et à les sublimer, vivant toujours dans l'espoir de trouver ce qui réjouit son coeur, ravive sa force d'amour et renouvelle sa foi en l'avenir. Cette quête du bonheur, Sand l'a portée jusqu'au dernier souffle : le secret de la béatitude sandienne réside à la fois dans l'écriture et dans la nature.
EN
This article will tune into a debate with John Painter's, The Quest for the Messiah: The History, Literature and Theology of the Johannine Community, as a monograph that deals extensively with the theme of zeteo – seeking – in the Gospel of John. In this monograph, Painter has led to certain valuable results in his efforts to establish the importance of zeteo in this Gospel by studying its quest and rejection stories. The article will reveal the degree on which Painter has understood the historical origin of zeteo against the Sitz im Leben of the Johannine Community. This exercise will sketch out some of the main lines of development in Painter's work and highlights certain directions of recent research on the Gospel of John.
PL
Użycie zeteo w czwartej ewangelii: debata z The Quest for the Messiah Johna Paintera Artykuł jest formą debaty z monografią Johna Paintera The Quest for the Messiah: The History, Literature and Theology of the Johannine Community obszernie podejmującą temat zeteo (poszukiwania) w Ewangelii Jana. W publikacji tej Painter doszedł do wielu cennych rezultatów w próbach ustalenia znaczenia zeteo w Ewangelii Janowej, analizując przedstawione historie poszukiwań i odrzucenia. Artykuł przedstawia, w jakim stopniu Painter zrozumiał historyczne pochodzenie zeteo w stosunku do Sitz im Leben Wspólnoty Janowej. Opisuje także niektóre z możliwych kierunków rozwoju myśli Paintera i zwraca uwagę na niektóre nurty ostatnich badań nad Ewangelią św. Jana.
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