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Roczniki Nauk Prawnych
|
2019
|
vol. 29
|
issue 1
151-163
PL
Ustawodawca w Kodeksie Prawa Kanonicznego z 1983 r. w czwartym rozdziale księgi drugiej zawarł obowiązki, które obligują zakonników do podejmowania konkretnych działań zarówno w zakresie zewnętrznym, jak i wewnętrznym. Pośród tych z zakresu życia duchowego zakonnika można wyróżnić te, których analiza została podjęta w niniejszym artykule, a więc: kontemplacja i modlitwa, zwracanie myśli ku Bogu i codzienny rachunek sumienia, praktyka corocznego świętego skupienia oraz ukazanie roli Maryi jako wzoru życia osobistego członka instytutu zakonnego. Artykuł zwraca uwagę Czytelnika na fakt, że ustawodawcy kodeksowemu bardzo mocno zależy na tym aspekcie życia zakonnego, ponieważ omówione kwestie znajdują się w początkowych kanonach rozdziału o prawach i obowiązkach zakonników. Ponadto zwrócenie uwagi na te aspekty życia zakonnego także w innych dokumentach Kościoła świadczy o ich randze. Poznanie myśli prawodawcy w tym względzie z pewnością pozwoli na jeszcze lepszą realizację zadań realizowanych przez zakonników, które wynikają z ich życia duchowego.
EN
In the Code of Canon Law, book II, chapter IV, a legislator included duties, which oblige religious to maintain specific actions in both external and internal fields. Among the actions from a field of spiritual life, some of them are analyzed in this paper and may be highlighted, i.e. contemplation and prayer, conversion of the soul toward God and daily conscience examination, a practice of annual period of sacred retreat and picturing the Virgin Mother of God as a model of personal life of a member of religious institute. This paper points out, that this aspect of religious life is very important for the legislator, because the discussed questions are placed in the first canons of the chapter which refers to the rights and duties of religious. Moreover, other documents of the Church also point out on these aspects of religious life and that proofs their significance. The cognition of the legislator’s idea in this aspect, would surely allow the religious to fulfill better their tasks, which emerge from their spiritual life.
EN
The article aims to investigate the modern self-experience of an individual from the point of view of the historical conditions that make this experience possible. This undertaking will be supported by the turn to a theory and practice of self-examination as it appears in early Christianity. It is widely recognized that there is a connection between modernity and subjectivity. One of the areas where it is reflected is philosophy. By founding the paradigm of modern philosophy, Descartes finds in his turn to himself a certain basis of cognition and a space where forward progress in the process of building a new system of knowledge may take effect. For Descartes consciousness is, however, a means, not an end. This is one of the reasons why it is not "questioned" sufficiently. Among many questions that were not addressed at all for a long time, one should mention, how the experience on which Descartes bases his reasoning became possible. In the history preceding the Cartesian turn inward, we can identify many interesting moments - which can be found with great confirmation in early Christianity - that play a significant role in the constitution of the experience that will become so important for modernity.
EN
In the article there was undertaken attempt which shows the ideal of priestly life in the teaching of Archbishop Józef Michalik. The first part presents the essence of the priesthood, which is a great gift of the Son of God. The priest, as an intercession between man and God the Father, also acts in the name of God who wants people’s salvation. The second part of the article presents means which help the priest to strive for the ideal. It was emphasized that out of their spirituality each presbyter is best shaped by the Eucharist. The other most important means include prayer as the simplest form of contact with God, the examination of conscience and the sacrament of atonement through which the priest can return to his original sanctity. In conclusion, it was emphasized that striving for the ideal of priestly life is a huge effort, but this effort brings the fruits of labor and holy life.
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