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PL
The essence of radical movements is always an idea, for which people are willing to die. In the context of political emancipation religion might be such an idea. The connection between religion and radical movements is usually based on dialectics with the official interpretation of dogmas. Revolutionists claim that the official dogmatic theology is a “heresy” and they offer the true confession of faith instead. This article analyses the way religion serves as the basis for revolutionary movements, how it is engaged in a specific interpretation of the world. The analysis is grounded on three examples: the Czech Hussites, a conspiracy led by Father Piotr Ściegienny as well as religion in the Zapatista Movement. The aim of this paper is to present the way in which religion becomes the basis for a radical worldview.
EN
The paper provides a comprehensive overview of European radical parties. The main aim of this paper is to examine whether there are common patterns regarding these parties, and to analyse the implications of this phenomenon. In order to achieve the above, the paper proceeds as follows: Firstly, the phenomenon of political radicalisation in contemporary Europe is explored. This leads to mapping the radical political landscape in Europe. Finally, the paper concludes with the analysis of the possible outcomes of radicalisation of European politics including the possible societal effects. By doing so the paper argues that a fresh theoretical approach to comprehend the phenomenon is necessary.
PL
Zgodnie z tytułem najważniejszej książki Alaina Badiou, L’être et l’événement, jego myśl rozpada się na dwie części: tę dotyczącą bytu oraz tę, w której na pierwszy plan wysuwa się to, co wobec bytu inne, czyli kategoria wydarzenia. Pierwsza część ogranicza się do ustaleń nauki, przepisując na język ontologii aksjomaty teorii zbiorów, by na pewnym etapie, wyczerpawszy swój koncepcyjny potencjał, ustąpić miejsca filozofii. Zadanie tej ostatniej polega na metodycznym opisie możliwości zawartych w wykraczającym poza ontologię „cudzie” wydarzenia. Na pograniczu ontologii i filozofii Badiou umieszcza siedlisko wydarzeniowe. Stanowi ono rodzaj matematycznego odpowiednika kartezjańskiej „szyszynki”, a zarazem ostatnie pojęcie systemu francuskiego filozofa, którego zrozumienie nie wymaga skoku w metafizyczne zaświaty, jakim jest w swej istocie kategoria wydarzenia. Siedlisko wydarzeniowe nie przesądza o możliwości pojawienia się wydarzenia, lecz pozwala określić miejsce, w którym można sensownie oczekiwać jego nadejścia. W swoim artykule podejmuję się rekonstrukcji tego kluczowego pojęcia systemu teoretycznego Badiou.
EN
In line with the title of Alain Badiou’s main book, Being and Event, his thought breaks down into two components: one that deals with being, and another where pride of place is given to the being’s other, namely the category of event. The former involves scientific findings, which rewrite the axioms of the set theory for the purposes of ontology. Only the second part is properly philosophical, describing the possibilities provided by the otherworldly “miracle” of the event. On the very border between ontology and philosophy Badiou places the evental site: the last concept of Badiou’s system that is fully intelligible without resorting to the metaphysical leap known as the event. The evental site does not settle the matter of the event’s actual occurrence but it allows us to sensibly determine the place or site of its coming. In my paper I undertake the task of reconstructing this crucial concept of Badiou’s system.
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