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Qualifications of police officers - "1918 - 2018" and promotion prospects. Outline of the issue.

100%
Kamiński A.
Internal Security
|
2019
|
vol. Special Issue
27-43
EN
Poland's regaining independence was connected, among other things, with the organizational arrangement of many services, including the current Police force. On the basis of their hierarchical subordination, the structure, rules of operation, consequently the duties and rights of their members - officers, but also employees who were not officers, called "civil servants", were created. These rights also included the right to promotion, which in the hierarchical system of subordination determines the position of a given officer. The promotion in terms of the position or rank is an expression not only of the culture of a given organisation, but first of all it poses new challenges and duties to the officer - the honour and privilege of managing the force, an organisational unit, an organisational department or finally, and by many put on the first place (the author fully supports this issue) - the possibility of managing people belonging to a given organisational structure. It is an honour and privilege that only a few can have. By the time this happens, however, they have to meet certain formal requirements, which have evolved dramatically over the last century. The aim of this study (which in the future will be the beginning of a comprehensive approach) is to indicate the outline of the requirements in principle, on the basis of the original legal acts concerning the pragmatics of police officers, legally binding in the last century. The author is fully aware of the fact that the quoted legal acts were subject to amendments and he points out the most important ones in his opinion.
2
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Triple-goal Estimation of Unemployment Rates for U.S. States Using the U.S. Current Population Survey Data

86%
Bonnéry D., Cheng Y., Ha N. S., Lahiri P.
Statistics in Transition new series
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2015
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vol. 16
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issue 4
511-522
EN
In this paper, we first develop a triple-goal small area estimation methodology for simultaneous estimation of unemployment rates for U.S. states using the Current Population Survey (CPS) data and a two-level random sampling variance normal model. The main goal of this paper is to illustrate the utility of the triple-goal methodology in generating a single series of unemployment rate estimates for three separate purposes: developing estimates for individual small area means, producing empirical distribution function (EDF) of true small area means, and the ranking of the small areas by true small area means. We achieve our goal using a Monte Carlo simulation experiment and a real data analysis.
3
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Feldmarszałek porucznik czy generał dywizji? Przekład nazw austro-węgierskich stopni wojskowych

72%
Włoskowicz W.
Lingwistyka Stosowana / Applied Linguistics / Angewandte Linguistik
|
2015
|
issue 13
103-111
XX
The lack of Polish fixed equivalents of Austro-Hungarian military rank names is caused by the fact that these terms are culture-bound elements that belong to the historical legal reality and by the incongruence of A-H and Polish (conceptual) military rank systems. This lack leaves a great multitude of possible solu-tions. In the article the compared systems of military ranks are perceived as systems of concepts and ana-lyzed in terms of Jost Trier’s lexical field theory. This approach is supported with some examples of monolingual dictionary definitions of military ranks that are clearly based on an item’s relations within a field. Despite some etymological parallels between A-H and Polish military rank names the systems they constitute belong to different “traditions” of military terminology — respectively to the German and French — which is to be observed mainly in the names of general ranks. Being bilateral signs, the rank names allow different translation solutions that constitute a continuum spread between two poles: a formal and a conceptual one that are analogous to the poles of formal and dynamic (conceptual) equivalence. The first one is achieved mainly by calques or loan translations whereas the latter by using ranks with similar position within the system.
4
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Identification of homogeneous groups of real estate markets and the pandemic resilience of the construction sector

58%
Dąbrowski I., Mach Ł., Mikołajczyk Ł., Kuświk A.
Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
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2021
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vol. 65
|
issue 4
32-53
PL
W procesie badawczym wyodrębniono jednorodne grupy województw oraz determinanty rozwoju regionów. Wykorzystano metodę hierarchiczną z algorytmem Warda i metodę k-średnich dla dwóch okresów: roku 2015 i roku 2018. W celu wyodrębnienia determinant rozwoju została zastosowana iteracyjna metoda rangowania wielowymiarowego. Uzyskane wyniki badań sugerują podział 16 województw na dwie grupy, w których wskazano liderów o największym potencjale. Utworzono listę determinant o największej i najmniejszej dynamice. Rezultaty analizy mogą być wykorzystane przez samorządy wojewódzkie i potencjalnych inwestorów na rynku nieruchomości. Dokonano także analizy statystycznej opartej o wyniki badania koniunktury w budownictwie, głównym celem porównania jest wskazane różnic z okresu przed pandemią COVID-19 oraz w czasie trwania pandemii. Według GUS rok 2020 zdominowali pesymiści w ocenie zarówno barier ograniczających prowadzenie działalności, jak i aktualnej i przyszłej sytuacji przedsiębiorstw.
EN
In the research process, homogeneous groups of voivodeships and the determinants of regional development were identified. The hierarchical method with Ward's algorithm and the k-means clustering method were employed for two periods, 2015 and 2018. In order to identify the determinants of development, an iterative multidimensional ranking method was used. The results of the research suggested that 16 voivodeships were divided into two groups, * The paper presents personal opinions of the authors and does not necessarily reflect the official position of the Narodowy Bank Polski.
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