Search results

1

Rationalism in action as basis for the fight against the crisis

100%

Dyla K., Ślęzak K.

Przegląd Prawniczy Europejskiego Stowarzyszenia Studentów Prawa ELSA Poland

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2013

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issue 1

34-40

EN

Different scenarios are devoted to current events, some assume in nature disaster, seeing the collapse of the euro area and the EU. Others, however, although they have every day more and more, they see consolidation in the crisis of the Eurozone and the EU whole as a result of taking any effective action as it was accompanied by the previous diaphragms. Danger, which involves the actual destabilization can induce that the old member countries might be tempted to focus on cooperation, without looking for new partners making increasingly difficulties, which are trying to highlight their demands by blocking the decision-making process of the Union. In turn, some of the new members of the Union may fall into claustrophobic selfimportance (inability?) such countries, covering their weaknesses by external threats will increase abstinence in relation to joint to the decision-making process. We believe that the European Union has rolled off on Hallsteinow bicycle integration, maybe not so far but certainly into a side road. The authors of this article are “for” the creation of a better Europe, a united, strong and open to trade. But throughout this process, let us not forget about our own countries which gives us a basis for political and civil freedoms, acting boundary fence with Eurosphere. Frederic Bastiat wrote If we are talking about us, I think that the country is not, or should not be anything other than a common force established in order not to become a tool of oppression and mutual plunder. On the contrary, it is in order to give everyone his due, and to prevailed justice and security.

2

The Limits of Rationalist Explanations for the Development of International Security Institutions

80%

Drgas M., Kopcewicz G., Olszanecka N., Urbański D., Piechowiak-Lamparska J., Bryc A., Bojarczyk B., Jorgensen F. A. E., Niedziołka D., Pacześniak A., Potorski R., Wincławska M., Włodkowska-Bagan A., Jeran A., Mol A., Solsbery A., Dąbrowska I., Głodkowski M., Kopcewicz G., Olszanecka N., Piechowiak-Lamparska J.

The Copernicus Journal of Political Studies

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2013

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issue 2 (5)

PL

In this article I argue that rationalist explanations which aspire to demonstrate why international security institutions develop, do not qualify as fully satisfactory arguments. Their limits become apparent particularly if one attempts to account on their basis for the diversity of types of institutions such as balance of power, collective security, hegemony, etc.The initial step in my analysis was to address the limitations of the three arguments which I referred to as materialist, functionalist, and evolutionist that individually make up either whole rationalist conceptions on the development of international security institutions or parts of them. Having done so, I also examined the possibilities to combine these arguments to explore whether the effort yields any extra explanatory power.The main reasons for why these explanations and their combinations fail to convincingly account for the diversity of international security institutions are threefold. First, the functionalist, evolutionist, and the functionalist-evolutionist arguments do not attempt to address the issue directly and provide only a general assertion on the factors influencing the formation of institutions instead of tackling the problem with respect to their particular types. Second, the materialist argument advances a logic of state action that justifies the creation of certain types of institutions and, at the same time, rules out the development of others. Third, it proves also incompatible with the other two arguments. The implication of this is that states would have to choose between mutually exclusive logics of action and, thus, behave in a way for which none of the arguments provides any explanation.Full text: http://bazhum.muzhp.pl/czasopismo/589/?idno=14760

3

Prawo i racjonalizm

80%

Łuszczyński A.

Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio G (Ius)

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2018

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vol. 65

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issue 2

EN

The article makes an attempt to analyze particular relations connecting the law and rationality. In the widely-held feeling, the law is a natural derivative of mind and such an approach is strongly placed in the history of ideas (Cicero, Saint Thomas Aquinas, and others). However, the crash of the Enlightenment project makes us reevaluate a lot of beliefs. It turns out that mind and its power in social problems is the issue of an agreement, conventions and does not resemble a mathematical equation. The author believes that a lot of foundations of a modern democracy, including legal institutions, are a kind of a contemporary myth, illusion taking the form of being seemingly reasonable.

PL

Artykuł jest próbą analizy szczególnych relacji łączących prawo i racjonalizm. W powszechnym odczuciu prawo jest naturalną pochodną rozumu i takie postrzeganie ma bardzo silne oparcie w historii idei (Cyceron, św. Tomasz z Akwinu i inni). Jednakże dziejący się na naszych oczach krach oświeceniowego projektu każe przewartościować wiele sądów. Okazuje się bowiem, że rozum i jego władza w sprawach społecznych są kwestią umowy, konwencji i niekoniecznie przypominają równanie matematyczne. Autor wyraża pogląd, że wiele z fundamentów współczesnych demokracji, również tych wyrażanych przez instytucje prawne, jest jakąś formą nowożytnego mitu, iluzji, przybierającą kształt pozornie rozumowy.

4

Критический рационализм К.Р. Поппера

80%

Михина Ф.

Społeczeństwo i Edukacja. Międzynarodowe Studia Humanistyczne

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2012

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issue 1

25-50

EN

According to the author, Popper’s critical rationalism can be seen as critical theory and gnoseology of human cognition. Cognition, which is not the goal, and instrument by which we can know the conditions of our lives.

5

Dokąd zmierza cywilizacja zachodnia? Esej

80%

Golka M.

Przegląd Zachodni

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2017

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issue 4(365)

7-23

EN

The article aims at reflecting on the future of Western civilization, whose identity is determined primarilyby two values: rationalism and the pursuit of social emancipation. The question is whether the success of this civilization, and above all its 500 year-old world domination, will continue. It seems that long-term forecasts can be formulated only in the form of assumptions. One can only predict several potential scenarios: a successful continuation of this civilization; its gradual aging; various probable forms of hybridization; a possible, but rather unexpected, disaster.

6

Donald Gillies a modifikovaný faksifikacionismus

70%

Havlík V.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

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2015

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vol. 63

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issue 3, Special No: Sedmkrát z logiky a metodologie vědy

77-100

EN

Popper’s critical rationalism and especially his solution of the problem of induction, which is based on the fact that beliefs are not inferences and rejection is not induc-tive, has little orthodox followers but more critics and revisers. Many of Popper’s fol¬lowers admit that his concept is rightly criticized from various positions and they seek to further develop Popper’s legacy by adopting diﬀerent strategies and correc¬tions. Unlike the orthodox followers of Popper (e.g. David Miller) they tend to make serious changes to Popper’s conception (e.g. John Watkins, John Worrall) under the inﬂuence of Imre Lakatos and his discussions with Popper. Donald Gillies belongs to the seemingly moderate revisers of Popper’s legacy. He tries to deal with the objec¬tions raised, especially against falsiﬁcationism, and he calls his elaborate conception modiﬁed falsiﬁcationism. This article deals with the question as to what extent Gillies’ attempt is successful and how it responds to the real problems of falsiﬁcationism within contemporary debates.

7

O intelektualizacji życia, czyli o płaskim umyśle

70%

Błajet P.

Rocznik Andragogiczny

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2008

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vol. R. 2008

29-37

EN

The article is a critical analysis of mind conception by Zbigniew Pietrasinski described in his recent book 'The Expansion of Beautiful Minds'. Intellectual approach by Pietrasinski is analyzed in the context of neurophysiology and biocybernetic knowledge and also in the context of integral perspective presented by Ken Wilber in his book 'The Marriage of Sens and Soul'. The flat 'Pietrasinski mind' is confronted with deep 'Wilber mind'.

8

Instytucjonalizacja relacji międzynarodowych w perspektywie wybranych teorii stosunków międzynarodowych

70%

Skolimowska A.

Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne

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2015

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vol. 45

67-82

EN

The aim of the article is to point out differences between theories of the IR (International Relations) in the process of explanation of the institutionalization of international relations. Selected theories of the International Relations were chosen that belong to the rationalist and constructivist paradigm in the International Relations studies. Since the 80s, institutionalization has been a matter of reflection of researchers. This follows from the dynamics and specificity of the contemporary international relations – quantitative growth of various forms of international institutions (international organizations, regimes, norms, or transnational actors). They start to play an increasingly important role. It is assumed that such institutions have an impact on the behavior of states in the international system. This raises the question of how to study that influence. The answer to that question is different depending on the theoretical perspective used for analyses.

9

The sources of rationalism in Croatia in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. A study of less obvious cases (physics, theology, and politics)

70%

Boguska A.

Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne

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2018

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issue 15

PL

The paper is an attempt to describe the reception of the idea of rationalism in order to represent its reworking in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries in Croatia in three areas – physics, theology and politics. The authoress reveals how the method developed by Newton in the field of natural sciences has found an application in other disciplines of knowledge, and most of all in theology. In Croatia, this resulted in the application of the category of Kantian reason to ethical considerations. As a rationalist project in the field of politics, cameralism is indicated, an economic doctrine popular in the German and Austrian territories which was closely connected with the development of the enlightened monarchy and bureaucracy in the early modern period.

10

Między codziennością a „państwem Platona”. Racjonalistyczne aspekty twórczości Łukasza Opalińskiego

70%

Raubo G.

Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Literacka

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2013

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issue 21

253-270

EN

The article specifies the role of rationalism in the work of a distinguished Baroque author, Łukasz Opaliński. The source material for the study consists of: Rozmowa Plebana z Ziemianinem (1641), Polonia defensa contra Ioan[nem] Barclaium (1648), Coś nowego (1652), Pauli Naeoceli de officiis libri tres (1659), Poeta nowy (1661–1662). Łukasz Opaliński stated that reason is the most important cognitive faculty of the human being. Reason makes it possible to understand the rules of natural law, which is the source of ethical action among humans, and brings on understanding of the eschatological aim of human life, that is salvation. The possibilities of rational explanation do not, however, encompass the mysteries of religious faith or the basic concepts of natural philosophy, such as the elements, which are the principal components of matter. Rationalism belongs to the principal ideas of Opaliński’s political philosophy. He opted for a rational organization of the state and for rational ways of solving social problems (he underscored the role of common sense, rational dialogue of citizens and rational responsibility for the common good). The political formation that is best suited for rationalization of social life is monarchy. Seeing it as a model government, the author realised that it could not be introduced in the Poland of the 17th century, and consequently, apart from the eulogy of the monarchy, he proposed improvements in gentry democracy, especially in limiting of the “golden freedom”. An important sphere of externalization of Opaliński’s rationalist ideals was his theoretical thought on literature. He critically evaluated some examples of Baroque art of conceit. He underscored the role of rational sources of creativity and rational discipline in structuring a literary work, and his postulates in this field were close to the concepts of classicist criticism.

11

A forgotten dramatic trilogy by Stefan Grabiński

61%

Majewska J.

Nauka

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2019

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issue 2

EN

The article treats about a forgotten play Zaduszki (All Souls’ Day) by Stefan Grabiński, widely known as the author of fantastic literature and horror stories. The play Zaduszki consists of three parts: 1. Strzygoń. Klechda zaduszna; 2. W dzień zaduszny; 3. Sen Krysty. Misterium zaduszne. First of them is written in folk dialect. The second one, sometimes named „the longest one-act play ever staged in Polish theatre”, considers a problem of a fault and a punishment. The third one, similarly to the first one, presents folk beliefs in supernatural phenomena which take place on All Souls’ Day. Moreover, it partly resembles a mystery play. Although the trilogy got an unfavourable reception (it was shown only seven times in Juliusz Słowacki Theatre in Kraków), it may be considered as an ambitious attempt to match the heritage of Stanisław Wyspiański – according to Grabiński, the greatest authority in the field of theatre.

12

Tropy. Korzenie paradygmatu poszlakowego

61%

Ginzburg C.

Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce

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2006

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issue 39

8-65

PL

The circumstantial reasoning is a common and widely used way of acquiring inferences based on a very limited number of premises. This paradigm emerged as an epistemological model at the end of the 19th century but has not yet received any systematic theoretical treatment. The paradigm became famous as the 'Morelli method' utilized by the historians of art to identify the authorship of various pieces of art, paintings in particular. The method allows the identification based on the investigation of certain features that are unnoticeable to the majority of observers. The same procedure seems to be operational among hunters who are capable of reconstructing the behavior as well as the species of an animal with the help of residual traces left in the surroundings. Also, it has its importance in medicine. The trace reasoning is essentially different in its methodology from that of the contemporary natural sciences within the Galilean paradigm. The difference consists in the radical importance of an individual as an individual as opposed to common regularities in nature studied by the natural sciences. Thus the circumstantial reasoning bears distinctively anthropocentric character. The theoretical analysis of this kind of reasoning may be helpful to overcome the tension between rationalism and irrationalism.

13

Dwie tradycje naukowego poznawania świata. Studium przypadku powstania i recepcji mechaniki kwantowej w latach 1925–1927, na podstawie dyskusji Wernera Heisenberga i Alberta Einsteina

61%

Krajniak W.

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

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2014

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vol. 59

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issue 3

7–36

EN

The purpose of this article is the analyses of discussion between Albert Einstein and Werner Heisenberg in the period 1925-1927. Their disputes, relating to the sources of scientific knowledge, its methods and the value of knowledge acquired in this way, are part of the characteristic for the European science discourse between rationalism and empirism. On the basis of some sources and literature on the subject, the epistemological positions of both scholars in the period were reconstructed. This episode, yet poorly known, is a unique example of scientific disputes, whose range covers a broad spectrum of methodological problems associated with the historical development of science. The conducted analysis sheds some light on the source of popularity of logical empirism in the first half of the 20th century. A particular emphasis is placed on the impact of the neopositivist ideas which reflect Heisenberg's research program, being the starting point for the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics. The main assumption of logical empirism, concerning acquisition of scientific knowledge only by means of empirical procedures and logical analysis of the language of science, in view of the voiced by Einstein arguments, bears little relationship with actual testing practices in the historical aspect of the development of science. The criticism of Heisenberg's program, carried out by Einstein, provided arguments for the main critics of the neopositivist ideal and contributed to the bankruptcy of the idea of logical empirism, thereby starting a period of critical rationalism prosperity, arising from criticism of neopositivism and alluding to Einstein's ideas.

14

Między synchronią a diachronią, czyli o problemach z modelowaniem systemu słowotwórczego polszczyzny

61%

Kaproń-Charzyńska I.

Studia Językoznawcze. Synchroniczne i diachroniczne aspekty badań polszczyzny

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2013

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vol. 12

83-91

EN

The article draws attention to the problems associated with modeling of word formation system of the Polish language in the synchronous description. The author is primarily interested in the consequences of entanglement of the subject matter of word-formation between the two points of view - synchronic and diachronic, and connected with this fact difficulties in combination of formal and semantic plane in the description of derivatives and the gap between the research and lexical word-formation. Referring to I. Bobrowski who states that the language system and the language model are two different entities, the author presents the assumptions on which she proposes to build a model system of word formation, referring to the concept of A. Bogusławski.

15

“ПРАВДA” И “ЛОЖЬ” В АРХИТЕКТУРЕ КИЕВА МЕЖВОЕННОГО ПЕРИОДА

61%

Марковский А.

Conversatoria Litteraria

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2016

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vol. 10

|

issue -

529-542

RU

Brief description of the general trends in the Soviet socio-cultural field that are di-rectly related to the architecture of the interwar period. Analysis and comparison of the avant-garde and neo-classical tendencies in the Kiev architecture of 1920-1930 in terms of the definition styles as "true" or "false". Comparison of theoretical and practical arguments in favor of the "truth" of one or another style inside the field of architecture.

16

Wykorzystanie racjonalnych elementów tradycji arabsko-muzułmańskiej w myśli Muhammada Abida al-Dżabiriego

61%

Wach P.

Przegląd Orientalistyczny

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2015

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issue 3-4

207-221

EN

The aim of this article is to present views on the Arab-Islamic tradition (turas) of one of the most famous contemporary Arab thinkers Muhammad Abed al-Jabiri. This Moroccan scholar was an important promoter of democracy in the Arab World. He stood out from the rest of pro-democratic thinkers in his thorough analysis of the Arab-Islamic tradition, a good understanding of which, according to him, plays a great role in the future of the Islamic world. The article discusses his deliberations on the history of Islamic philosophy. By concentrating on this subject, Al-Jabiri wanted to find evidence that rational forces had been present in Islamic legacy for a long time and should be resurrected today in order to shape public opinion towards more sceptical reading of tradition. The result of this would be the desired nahda – Arabic Renaissance and modernity. In this task he recalls the medieval philosopher Ibn Rushd (Averroes) whom he considers an example to be followed in matters such as the relation between religion and science, the attitude towards non-Muslim concepts and the struggle against harmful mysticism.

17

Rádl’s criticism of the Czech individualist inter-war philosophy

61%

Potoček J.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

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2021

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vol. 69

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issue Special_Issue_1

41-56

EN

A significant share of the “struggles” that took place within Czechoslovak inter-war philosophy lay in criticism raised by Emanuel Rádl, the representative of the realistic approach, against the adherents of individualism or the younger philosophical generation surrounding the magazine Ruch filosofický. From a philosophical and methodological point of view, the core of Rádl’s critical position is philosophical realism. Rádl’s realistic stance was gradually forming and developing during the periods running up to and following the First World War, while the experience and fear of the consequences of Russian philosophy based on mysticism, intuitivism and idealism, proved to be the tipping point. Besides that, the change in his stance towards Kant’s philosophy, which consisted of highlighting the positive aspect of his rationalism, was yet another significant turnabout. From his post-war realist position, Rádl proceeded to criticise the alienation, apoliticism and amorality of the philosophy of individualism and the interest of its representatives in the philosophical approaches of irrationalism: mysticism, intuitivism and spiritualism.

18

Luigi Giussani and Catholic Historiography

61%

Klumpenhouwer S.

The Person and the Challenges. The Journal of Theology, Education, Canon Law and Social Studies Inspired by Pope John Paul II

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2018

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vol. 8

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issue 2

PL

This essay explores the difficulties of conducting historiographical research from a Catholic view point. It through the life and writings of Luigi Giussani, founder of the movement Communion and Liberation. Three main approaches to history will be explored: the rationalist approach, the Protestant approach, and finally the Orthodox-Catholic approach. The essay argues that only the third approach is sufficient to examine the historical claims about Jesus.

19

Утвердження просвітницької естетики у щоденнику Петра Апостола

61%

Myshanych Y.

Studia Polsko-Ukraińskie

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2021

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vol. 8

100-114

EN

The diary of Petro Apostol belongs to great samples of documentary prose of the beginning of the 18th century. Th e document indicates an expressive influence of the European ideological and cultural trend of the Enlightenment, which found its reflection in the language, figurative system and problems. Th e author wrote his diary for more than two years - from May 1725 to August 1727. Th ere are several motifs in the diary, against the background and in the interweaving of which the historical era of Ukraine of that time is visible. First of all, it is told about the family of the Apostols and their life in the Myrgorod regiment. Th e system of images created by the author is interesting - here his parents, peasants, Cossacks, serfs, Cossacks foremen, Russian nobles, merchants, princes, tsars, foreigners, friends of the author. Th e author’s attitude to his heroes is characteristic of enlighteners. It is rationalistic, that is, each mentioned person in society performs his function regardless of which class he belongs to. Particular interest in a wide range of problems that the author writes about in his notes - he is interested in family, agriculture, relations between people, legal issues, the problem of serfdom, poverty, personal relations, he talks about books and newspapers, about friends, about his father, about Prince Menshikov and his service, talks about entertainment and leisure, about dances and receptions, talks about clothes and everyday life, about gift s for the family, about his wife, about baptism and the birth of a child. Th e author does these problems esthetic in his notes, puts them into literary practice.

20

Leibniz’s Philosophical Dream of Rational and Intuitive Enlightenment

61%

Lodge P.

Dialogue and Universalism

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2022

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issue 1

203-219

EN

This paper is a new translation and interpretation of the essay by Leibniz which has come to be known as “Leibniz’s Philosophical Dream.” Leibniz used many different literary styles throughout his career, but “Leibniz’s Philosophical Dream” is unique insofar as it combines apparent autobiography with a dreamscape. The content is also somewhat surprising. The essay is reminiscent of Plato, insofar as Leibniz describes a transition from existence in a cave to a more enlightened mode of being outside of it. But, in contrast with the usual identification of Leibniz as a “rationalist,” the mode of being that is valorised involves cognition that is intuitive and supra-rational. The paper begins with the translation followed by an interpretation of the essay. I conclude by considering the ramifications of my interpretation for our conception of Leibniz’s philosophy.

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Rationalism in action as basis for the fight against the crisis

The Limits of Rationalist Explanations for the Development of International Security Institutions

Prawo i racjonalizm

Критический рационализм К.Р. Поппера

Dokąd zmierza cywilizacja zachodnia? Esej

Donald Gillies a modifikovaný faksifikacionismus

O intelektualizacji życia, czyli o płaskim umyśle