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1

Two Concepts of Recognition

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Chmielewski A.

Studia Philosophica Wratislaviensia

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2019

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vol. 14

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issue 1

49-68

EN

The aim of this paper is to submit the doctrine of methodological individualism to a reconsideration from the point of view of the arguments formulated by contemporary communitarian philosophy. I propose to approach the opposition between the individual and the community, constitutive for the liberal– communitarian debate, by means of two concepts, i.e. those of recognition and order. I argue that for the individualists a social order emerges through a process of mutual recognition of the pre-existing individuals and their interests, while the communitarians claim that the task of individuals is to recognize values and norms of a pre-existing social order which is to become their own. The difference between them thus resides primarily in the ontological distinction between the respective objects of these two divergent concepts of recognition. The argument is developed through an analysis of David Hume’s concept of the individual. In opposition to some communitarian claims, I maintain that his approach may be interpreted as an antecedent of the communitarian views on the subject. I also outline a view of moral rules as neither universal, absolutist, nor purely emotivist in character, but as social constructions endowed with the status of “contingent permanence.”

2

Use of Selected Geospatial Tools for the Purposes of Reconnaissance

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Zaorski M. A.

Internal Security

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2020

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vol. 12(2)

217-228

EN

The implementation of modern tools in the military system constitutes an important step in supporting the decision-making process. The impact of new GIS technologies is important for the assessment of the battlefield . According to assumptions, reconnaissance is a continuous process that crowns the assessment of the opponent and of the battlefield. Site assessment is an element of the command process where the conclusions of the task analysis includes an assessment of the potential opponent together with his modus operandi and an assessment of the environment . As part of the Information Preparation of the Battlefield (hereinafter referred to as IPB), the identification of threats and limitations has an impact on the identification of potential approach routes, traffic corridors and maneuvers in assigned areas and lanes . The end result is the determination of the maneuverability of forces and resources owned or those of the opponent. The information is to relate to the impact of the terrain components on the scope and nature of conducted activities, and the hydrometeorological conditions are to relate to the impact on the terrain, equipment, and people . As far as it regards the analysis of the environment and the opponent, it is possible to apply modern technologies to shorten the time for the analyses performed within the ongoing decision-making process.

3

Practices, Norms and Recognition

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Stahl T.

Human Affairs

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2007

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vol. 17

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issue 1

10-21

EN

The problem of the social foundations of normativity can be illuminated by discussing the narrower question whether rule-following is necessarily a social matter. The problems with individualistic theories of rule-following seem to make such a conclusion unavoidable. Social theories of rule-following, however, seem to only push back one level the dilemma of having to choose either an infinite regress of interpretations or a collapse into non-normative descriptions. The most plausible of these models, Haugeland's conformism, can avoid these objections if it is supplemented with an ontologically reasonable concept of the collective attitude of a group. Groups of individuals who are bound to shared norms by recognizing each other as equipped with a standard authority of criticism have the necessary properties for ascribing to those groups such collective attitudes. Given such a weak notion of a collective attitude, there is hope for a plausible collectivist theory of rule-following.

4

The Law of Peoples and Global Justice: Beyond the Liberal Nationalism of John Rawls

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Hrubec M.

Human Affairs

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2010

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vol. 20

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issue 2

135-150

EN

The paper deals with the relation of a theory of international justice, specifically John Rawls's philosophy of the law of peoples, and a theory of global justice. In the first part, the paper outlines Rawls's main theses on the international conception of the law of peoples. The second part concerns a problem found in segments of Rawls's theory, specifically his concept of a social contract-contractualism. This problem inadequately approaches the relationship between the individual and the community. The third part deals with the inconsistent points in Rawls's theory contained in part two, i.e. his principles of justice selected with the aid of social contract. In the fourth part, the paper concentrates on the consequences of these limitations for a socially distributive dimension of justice or as an approach for dealing with disproportionate global inequalities. The last part formulates the causes of the limitations of Rawls's theory of international justice and points out the need for a global justice which is socially and inter-culturally considerate.

5

Gift and Self-Giving in the Relationship of Communion

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Magari S.

Journal for Perspectives of Economic Political and Social Integration

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2014

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vol. 19

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issue 1-2

165-176

EN

Psychology doesn’t seem to be really interested in the theme of gift; in the last decades it focus on the central role of recognition in the psyche building up. The authors underline Chiara Lubich’s original intuition linking profoundly the them of gift and recognition.

6

Levinas and the Ambivalence of Recognition

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Pöykkö P.-M.

Open Theology

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2016

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vol. 2

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issue 1

EN

This paper argues that Emmanuel Levinas’ critique of the “ontological imperialism” does not amount to a perfunctory and rejective attitude towards ontology. Against the commonly held interpretation of Levinas, I argue that if we keep in mind that the understanding of the other is grounded on and determined by ethical recognition of the person, ontological recognition of the other person does not necessarily entail violent relation towards of the other person. Moreover, ethical recognition provides a standard of evaluation for ontological recognition and traditional theological discourse. The distinction between the two forms of recognition is essential to Levinas’ account of “religious life”. The two forms of recognition are nevertheless interconnected, if not reducible to one another. It is only when we lose sight of the fundamental ethical perspective that the ontological recognition is in danger of becoming violent and repressive.

7

Poverty and freedom

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Graf G., Schweiger G.

Human Affairs

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2014

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vol. 24

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issue 2

258-268

EN

The capability approach, which is closely connected to the works of Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum, is one possible theoretical framework that could be used to answer the question as to why poverty is a problem from a moral point of view. In this paper we will focus on the normative philosophical capability approach rather than the social scientific and descriptive perspective. We will show that the approach characterizes poverty mainly as a limitation of freedom and that it is precisely this aspect, from its point of view, that makes poverty morally significant. This insight shifts the discussion away from questions regarding specific capabilities or lists of them-questions treated extensively in the literature-to the more general level of what constitutes the normative core of the capability approach. But as we will also discuss and argue, the role of freedom alone does not give us a complete picture of poverty but only presents us with one aspect relevant to evaluating it. A further aspect which we consider has not been adequately recognized and taken into account by most capability theorists is the experience of disrespect and humiliation, or to put it differently, a lack of recognition.

8

Kasper Bro Larsen, Recognizing the Stranger: Recognition Scenes in the Gospel of John (Brill's Paperback Collection; Leiden – Boston: Brill, 2012)

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Kręcidło J.

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2016

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vol. 6

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issue 4

715-717

EN

Book review: Kasper Bro Larsen, Recognizing the Stranger: Recognition Scenes in the Gospel of John (Brill's Paperback Collection; Leiden – Boston: Brill, 2012). Pp. XIV + 266. EUR 42,00. USD 52.00. ISBN 9789004226883 (Paperback).

9

Extending Honneth’s Shift in Focus for Critical Theory

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Giles D., University of Essex

Internetowy Magazyn Filozoficzny Hybris

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2016

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vol. 35 B (4B)

EN

Axel Honneth has called for a change of focus in Critical Theory "from the self-generated independence of systems to the damage and distortion of social relations of recognition." I argue that Honneth does not shift his methodological focus sufficiently to succeed in his goal of illuminating the social relations of recognition. Despite Honneth's shift to relations of recognition, he considers these relations in terms of the macrosocial Hegelian triad of social spheres of recognition. A deeper analysis of recognition behaviors shows they cannot be mapped exactly to these spheres. I conclude that the Hegelian triad of social spheres is an insufficient basis for an exploration of misrecognition behaviors. To understand misrecognition, we need to seek a picture of misrecognition that reflects the complex diversity of individuals' lived experiences and practices, gives sufficient attention to interpersonal recognition and misrecognition, and offers potential reasons for why individuals might engage in misrecognition behaviors.

10

Komunikační praktiky v rámci kultury školy: uplatňování kultury uznání a respektu

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Wulf C., Bittner M., Clemens I., Kellermann I.

Studia paedagogica

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2011

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issue 1

71-87

EN

Our aim in this article is to outline the specific forms of communication in a school with reference to the practical knowledge of a phenomenon that we call a culture of recognition and esteem. We analyze the verbal, non-verbal, semiotic, discursive and mimetic aspects of communication practices and show their social functions within the school we observed. It is necessary to understand and analyze recognition and esteem as praxis, i.e. as an ensemble of intentional as well as unintentional pedagogical practices. These practices constitute a culture of recognition and esteem that furnishes those involved in a school with a reference framework and performative space. The inquiry is applied to an inner-city primary school in a socio-economically problematic district. The data have been produced within a cooperative programme of ethnographic research that has lasted more than twelve years and was initiated in the context of the Berlin Ritual Study at the Free University of Berlin. As fieldwork was restricted in terms of time and thematic focus, we followed a specific dimension of school ethnography. Our findings are based not only upon observation but also upon the recording on video of pedagogical practices. Our systematization of recognition and esteem shows a potentiality to describe a phenomenon without reducing its complexity and highlights the hard work implicit to pedagogical praxis.

11

The State between Fact and Law: The Role of Recognition and the Conditions under Which It Is Granted in the Creation of New States

88%

Finck F.

Polish Yearbook of International Law

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2016

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vol. 36

51-81

EN

This article explores the role of recognition in State creation. Basing on an analysis of relations between effectiveness and legality in the process of State creation, it claims that recognition is constitutive of statehood as a subject of international law. The research revolves around the following themes: the role of effectiveness criteria and the conditions of recognition set by international law, the existence of “statehood without effectiveness” in cases of limited effectiveness but general recognition, the study of acquisition of statehood as a process and the notion of collective recognition based on the cases of Kosovo and Palestine. The argumentation is also supported by the analysis of de facto entities and aspiring States in international practice. It draws on the distinction between legal non-recognition and political non-recognition as able to shed some light on the complexity of international practice in this area. The article concludes that recognition is a pre-requisite of statehood, an essential criterion that may overcome weak effectiveness in certain legal contexts, though not a lack of independence. Conversely, effectiveness of government authority over population and territory does not lead to statehood in the meaning of international law in the absence of international recognition.

12

Marek J. Siemek’s Reflections on the Philosophy of Modernity

88%

Dehnel P.

Dialogue and Universalism

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2016

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issue 2

181-192

EN

The aim of the article is to present Marek Siemek’s interpretation of modernity, fo-cusing on problems related to understanding of the modern subject that arose (and still arise) from the reading of Max Horkheimer and Theodor W. Adorno’s Dialectic of Enlightenment. Siemek seems to endorse a general drive of Habermas’ theory of inter-subjective communication intended to overcome the dialectics of Enlightenment and to complete the project of modernity. However, his position is that its foundation can be traced back to the philosophies of Fichte and Hegel and their mutually complementary intersubjectivity models. Siemek seeks to reconcile the idea of the philosophy of inter-subjectivity underlying Fichte’s and Hegel’s philosophies with the tenets of the philo-sophy of consciousness.

13

Identity, Recognition or Redistribution through Sport?

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Jarvie G.

Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research

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2011

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vol. 51

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issue 1

15-24

EN

Identity has long since been a key concept within historical, sociological and philosophical enquires into sport. This article asserts that identity politics in sport is not enough and alternative forms of thinking about identity need to challenge the conventional wisdom that identity for identity sake is sufficient. By introducing the notions recognition and re-distribution this research attempts to move the field of sport on. Only by looking at alternative conceptions of the links between identity, redistribution and recognition can we meet the requirements of justice for all through and in sport. This article addresses the following concerns (i) sport in the age of identity politics; (ii) from identity politics to recognition through sport and (iii) from recognition through sport to redistribution and social justice.

14

Interactions with Others in John Chrysostom as a Means to Manage a Diversity of Visions

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Tolonen A.-L.

Open Theology

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2016

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vol. 2

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issue 1

EN

Two opposing opinions about “the Maccabees” feature in the homily On Eleazar and the Seven Boys. According to the homilist, “the Maccabees” can be recognized as martyrs; yet, many others fail to see it. The construction of this conflict relies heavily on another confrontation identifiable in the same text: a dialogue between the homilist and “the Jew”, who thinks differently and, in the opinion of the homilist, incorrectly. These tensions in the source may be taken to reflect “identity-political” issues of the time and evaluated accordingly. My analysis challenges this view by emphasizing how difficult it is to reconstruct historical encounters between persons/groups based on such a source. I suggest, instead, that the conflict and dialogue should be considered parallel examples of how, in the context of late antiquity, a Christian intellectual mind conceptualizes “difference” (of opinions or between identities) and how it deals with it. The analysis shows that the homilist’s argumentation is built on seemingly commonsensical or authoritative fair-to-all “facts”. Yet, interactions with others provide the homilist with ways to govern and re-produce those very facts. Rather than social struggles, the interactions reflect and represent the level of otherness contained in the discourse of the homilist.

15

Recognition in Feminist Philosophy of Religion

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Roman-Lagerspetz S.

Open Theology

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2016

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vol. 2

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issue 1

EN

G. W. F. Hegel’s idea of recognition has become one of the central concepts of social and political philosophy and social theory. In feminist philosophy of religion recognition has also a prominent role. One problem which troubles philosophical discussions of recognition is the lack of adequate communication between different research traditions. This article describes briefly the original source of inspiration of contemporary discussions of recognition, Hegel’s own idea of recognition as it is narratively depicted in his Phenomenology of Spirit. It also takes up Hegel’s problematic views of women and the sphere of the family. The text tries to show how the Hegelian ideas have inspired three prominent feminist philosophers of religion: Luce Irigaray, Grace M. Jantzen and Pamela Sue Anderson. These philosophers are connected to the two ways of reading Hegel: the (predominantly) French tradition and the Critical Theory. It is argued that while Irigaray and Jantzen present important criticisms of the prevailing religious attitudes, they are unable to combine this criticism with a feminist view that would allow religion to be taken seriously. In this respect, Anderson’s – still undeveloped – theory of recognition is a more promising attempt.

16

An Empirical Research about Xinjiang Minority College Students’ Value Recognition in Inner-Mainland's Universities of China

88%

Zhu H.-L.

Ethics in Progress

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2016

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vol. 7

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issue 1

174-183

EN

In order to understand value recognition deeply, the research was taken to 1128 Xingjiang minority college students in inner-mainland 36 universities of China by the questionnaire with five dimensions which political value, moral value, cultural psychology, language stress and environmental stress. The result showed that there was an order tendency in their values, in order, cultural psychology, moral values, political values, language stress and environmental stress. At the same time, there are gander differences. Male and female college students do not exist significant differences in cultural psychology and moral value dimensions. But the differences being in the political values, language stress and environmental stress. Xinjiang minority college students are fundamentally the same as Han nationality students in political values and moral values, but obvious differences in cultural psychology, language stress and environmental stress.

17

(Ne)spravedlnost v péči o děti mladší tří let

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Kalitová K.

Gender a výzkum / Gender and Research

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2021

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vol. 22

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issue 2

71-86

EN

This article presents an analysis of the current (in)justice in childcare for children under three years of age in the Czech Republic by examining shifts in family and social policy after 1989. The paper compares three ways of redressing injustice: redistribution, recognition, and political representation in terms of domains of social injustice. Through the prism of Nancy Fraser’s three-dimensional theory, the article analyses forms of redress in the economic, cultural, and political spheres. This approach aims to reveal the complexity of inequalities in childcare for children under three years of age and highlight the positive and negative aspects of family and social policy in the Czech Republic. The second goal of the paper is to establish a path towards amending the legislation that could change the legislation on family care in the Czech Republic based on a revision of values and the ideological and normative framework within which childcare for children under the age of three is understood in the Czech Republic.

18

“You can see it in his eyes that he is willing to work”. The ambivalent use of work in promoting integration for migrants. A case study from Northern Italy

88%

Luraschi S., Galimberti A.

Dyskursy Młodych Andragogów / Adult Education Discourses

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2022

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vol. 23

47-61

EN

This article presents and analyses the use of work in promoting integration for asylum seekers and refugees in Lombardy (North of Italy). The research materials, collected from a larger research project involving asylum-seekers, refugees, professionals, and researchers, highlight how two main discourses operate in complementary fashion in integration practices based on career guidance and traineeships. Work is on the one hand a potential enabling factor that allows migrants to enter a relational space based on solidarity but, at the same time, it may represent a barrier, filtering out those who are welcome and those who are not. These two effects intersect, depending on a multiplicity of factors embedded in the institutional integration system. Narratives collected on this network will be used to explore how mechanisms of recognition and exclusion are related not only to an economic logic but to values connected to a certain kind of work culture. This is a dimension that is often neglected by social operators whose practices are continuously exposed to the risk of constructing, unconsciously, the “integrable” migrant.

19

Równość czy/i odrębność? Edukacja pozaformalna Romów w świetle teorii Nancy Fraser

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Łaszyn J.

Dyskursy Młodych Andragogów / Adult Education Discourses

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2013

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vol. 14

29-46

EN

The article is an attempt to analyse an educational offer in the field of non-formal adults education of the Roma based on Nancy Fraser’s considerations of (in)justice. Starting with the characteristic of the Roma community in Poland, numerous social problems, which are a manifestation of symbolic cultural and socio-economic injustice, have been identified. Both types of injustice require different corrective measures. Fraser proposes two instruments used in reducing injustice: redistribution and recognition. In this paper, focusing on education which is often treated as "the cure for all diseases", the forms of education aiming at elimination both types of injustice were indicated. The effect of pursuing the objective is to achieve equality between the Roma and the bulk of the population, while simultaneously maintaining one’s own identity, individuality and uniqueness. The achievement of seemingly contradictory goals is difficult and raises many questions and doubts about the purpose of the education, its quality and efficiency. These doubts appeared in both the statements of the respondents, as well as in the conclusions formulated by the author. In order to gather study material qualitative field research was used – the contact with several representatives of the Roma community, with participants and organizers of non-formal education was established. Casual interviews, participant observation and documents analysis were used to gain research material.

20

Beyond Multiculturalism: Recognition Through the Relational Reason

88%

Donati P.

Polish Sociological Review

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2009

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vol. 166

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issue 2

147-178

EN

Multiculturalism is a term spreading in the West during the 1960s to indicate respect, tolerance and defence of cultural minorities. The idea of multiculturalism has become a collective imaginary (“all different, all equals”). It has generated a political ideology supporting an inclusive citizenship towards “different” cultures. After being adopted as official policy in many Countries, multiculturalism has generated more negative than positive effects (fragmenting the society, separating the minorities and fostering cultural relativism). As a political doctrine, it seems harder and harder to be put into practice. At its place, today we talk of interculturality. But this expression too seems quite vague and uncertain. This essay discusses on the possible alternatives to multiculturalism, asking itself whether the way of interculturality can be a solution or not. The Author’s thesis is that the theory of interculturality has the advantage to stress the inter, namely what lies in between different cultures. But it does not possess yet the conceptual and effective means to understand and handle the problems of the public sphere, when the different cultures express cultural values radically conflictual between them. The troubles of interculturality result from two lacks: an insufficient reflexivity inside the single cultures, and the lack of a relational interface between the different cultures (between the carrier subjects). Modern western Reason created a societal structure (lib-lab) promoting neither the first nor the second one. In fact, it neutralizes them, because it faces the dilemmas of values inside the cultural diversities through criteria of ethical indifference. Such criteria set reflexivity to zero, preventing individuals to understand the deepest reasons of the vital experience of the others. Reason is emptied of its meaning and of its understanding capability. To go over the failures of multiculturalism and the fragilities of interculturality, a lay approach to the coexistence of cultures is required, being able to give strength back to Reason, through new semantics of the inter-human diversity. The Author suggests the development of the “relational reason,” beyond the forms already known of rationality. To make Reason relational might be the best way to imagine a new social order of society, being able to humanize the globalizing processes and the growing migrations. The after-modern society would be more or less human, depending on how it will be able to widen the human Reason, structuring it inside a new “relational unit” with the religious faith.

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