Search results - CEJSH

1

Założenia edukacji międzykulturowej szansą na pojednanie etniczne w Rwandzie

100%

Babicki Z.

Pogranicze. Studia Społeczne

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2017

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vol. 30

EN

Rwanda today faces various challenges of civilization, first of all, however, it has ti copy with the legacy of the ehnic genocide. Not surprisingly, that one of the fundamental tasks that the country and its government set itself after 1994 became the problem of the legal judgement of persons responsible for genocide and of the establishing of national unity, which would prevent Rwanda from the next conflict. Therefore, apart from judging on a massive scale all those guilty of crimes, the government has taken parallel action for the idea of commemorating the victims and began the process of building national unity. Today, Rwanda is a place for education which aims at the creation of a one national community and the state, in other words „education for the community”.

2

Rola pojednania w relacyjnym podejściu do rozwiązywania konfliktów

100%

Kulska J.

Wschodnioznawstwo

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2016

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issue 10

11-26

EN

Importance of building and rebuilding relations between different actors of international politics, from the level of individuals and the smallest social groups to those biggest ones organized in the form of states, has recently become the object of more extended research in the area of both diplomacy and conflict resolution. Along with the well-known and thoroughly analyzed notions such as power, interests, freedoms, norms and many other some new concepts resulting from the evolving nature of international politics are included into political discourse. One of them is reconciliation meaning the rebuilding of relations both at internal and international level. Another interesting example is the relational approach to conflict resolution which can be perceived as the proposal situating itself between two most traditional approaches in the area of international relations namely the realist and the liberal schools. While the realist approach is criticized for not paying enough attention to non-state actors and their role in conflct resolution, the liberal one is perceived as too much oriented into the issues of individual freedoms and institutions and lack of relational „community thinking”. Relational approach which is discussed by increasing number of experts in the area of con{ ict resolution points out the necessity of focusing on the interactions between di erent actors of international relations or more precisely transformation of these relations in such a way that the con{ ict between them is not only settled but truly resolved. Such a transformation is also connected with deeper change in the approach to politics itself meaning fuller inclusion of citizens and their initiatives which are necessary in the process of moving from signing peace agreement to building lasting peace. The article discusses the scope and contents of relational approach and reconciliation stating that reconciliation is both a fundamental aim and instrument of conflict resolution.

3

Wybrane aspekty usprawiedliwienia i pojednania człowieka z Bogiem według pieśni wielkopostnych ze śpiewnika Siedleckiego

100%

Kowalski Ł.

Studia Ełckie

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2019

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vol. 21

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issue 2

211-230

EN

The elaboration is an analysis of the contents taken from the songs of Lent included in the 36th edition of the Church Songbook by priest J. Siedlecki. The Church Songbook which in this publication was one of the main sources, is the most widespread collection of liturgical songs in Polish folk piety. The subject of the work pointed to the interpretations of the songs of Lent, which in the Church Songbook are a significant part, which indicates the large wealth of works devoted to this period during the church year. The main issues addressed in this study were reconciliation and justification. These topics, which find their source in the texts of the Holy Bible, deal in particular with the fields of dogmatic and fundamental theology. The issue of justifying a sinful man has been portrayed. The justification took place in the Paschal event of Jesus Christ, who died and rose again to save mankind from the slavery of evil, sin and death. Man has access to grace of justification by the power of Christ's work and faith in his name. In this God's life, a man who does good deeds also deserves eternal life. The merit, although it is the work of man, ultimately comes from God's grace, whose action is primary and takes place out of Godʼs inspiration. From God's grace, man is also included in the mission of proclaiming the Gospel, because it is Godʼs will that all be redeemed.

4

Profanacja miejsc świętych jako przykład obrazy uczuć religijnych

100%

Saj M.

Studia Pastoralne

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2023

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vol. 19

22-28

EN

The article presents the definition of holy places in accordance with the norms of the Code of Canon Law of 1983. Next, it deals with the cases of their desecration. Further reflections are focused on the way of restoring the sacral character of a desecrated place dedicated to divine worship. The aim of the presentation was to show desecration as an example of defamation concerning religious feelings of believers.

5

On Violations of Human Rights by the Communist Regime in Poland

100%

Robertson (Nadolna) B. B. M.-M.

Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje

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2021

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vol. 40

224-262

EN

During the communist regime, the Polish judicial apparatus was construed as a tool to liquidate the opposition. Many people were killed, imprisoned, tortured, dispossessed, and their families persecuted and condemned to lives of abject poverty. After the fall of communism, the perpetrators of these atrocities were not confronted with their crimes and continued to function surreptitiously. Their shame and guilt have been suppressed, while the wrongs suffered by the victims have not been remedied, and thus continue to hang over the nation like the Sword of Damocles. The unexpunged culpability and corrupted conscience inherited by their descendants continue to foment social resentments. The aim of the article is to suggest the approach to restoring social equilibrium taking as the premise that the legacy of historical violence must be remedied, and the wrongs must be rectified a priori. The scientific methods used in the article are restitution, restoration, reconciliation, and mediation. The sense of social and individual justice is at the core of humanity. Where this is lacking, social unrest arises and spills over with violence. The crimes of the communist regime must be conceded to prevent an impending revolution. Compassion toward the suffering can pave the way to forgiveness, and through that, to reconciliation.

6

International-local Linkages in Multistakeholder Partnerships Involved in Reconciliation, Inter-communal Bridgebuilding and Confidence-building

88%

Roter P.

Croatian International Relations Review

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2015

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vol. 21

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issue 72

139-166

EN

This paper focuses on the involvement of the international community (international actors) in post-conflict reconstruction in the context of multi-stakeholder partnerships (MSPs) operating in the issue-area of reconciliation, inter-communal bridge-building and confidence-building. In particular, the paper analyses the international-local linkages within the MSPs, and suggests that although the involvement of the international community in post-conflict reconstruction (peace-building) is heavy and indispensable, it is neither straight-forward nor problem-free. In order to understand these linkages in a specific MSP context, a number of factors need to be taken into account and analysed. The paper suggests that at least three levels of analysis are required in order to understand the role of the international community and the international-local linkages in the context of MSPs addressing reconciliation, confidence-building and inter-community bridge-building in a post-conflict context. Firstly, the very complex nature of the international community itself, with many different actors seeking to achieve their own objectives in a very competitive environment; secondly, the very difficult conditions in war-torn societies that are operationally/institutionally unable to begin any peace-building processes on their own; and thirdly, the characteristics (motivations, organisation) of international and domestic actors themselves

7

Forward-looking solutions for the Georgian and South Ossetian conflict: a path towards reconciliation

88%

Jasutis G.

Baltic Journal of Law & Politics

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2013

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vol. 6

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issue 2

24-49

EN

The article explores the dynamics of the Georgian and South Ossetian conflict which has been violent over the last twenty years. It reached a critical peak again in 2008 resulting in new security developments and post-conflict situation which drifts away from reconciliation between the communities. The research explains and identifies the timelines and stages of the Georgian-South Ossetian conflict as well as the potential of violence, specifically placing a heavy emphasis on the case of the Akhalgori district, which had been under Georgian control until August 2008. Furthermore, it employs community relations theory and offers forwardlooking solutions which should lead towards reconciliation. The article concludes that reconciliation itself is a very complicated concept to be successfully applied in practice; therefore community relations theory and its approach towards gradual reconciliation between the Georgian and South Ossetian communities seems to be the most reliable option for resolution of the conflict, which should incorporate the Orthodox Church, mutual cultural and anti-intimidation works along with transparent and controllable security actors.

8

Dialogue Document Without a Dialogue: Current Debates on World War II in Croatia

88%

Koren S.

Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne

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2019

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issue 16

143-157

EN

The article deals with the recent controversies over the interpretations of World War II. The dominant narrative of World War II, which was created after 1945 to ensure the basis of legitimacy for the Yugoslav Communist regime, was revised at the beginning of the 1990s. One of the consequences of this revision has been the upsurge of historical revisionism regarding the fascist Ustashe movement. After years of bitter debates that had divided and polarized the Croatian society, the government appointed in 2017 a special council to deal with the World War II past and make the recommendations on the public usage of the symbols and insignia of the 20th century “undemocratic regimes”. The final product of its work was the so-called Dialogue Document whose provisions and impact are dealt with in the second part of the text.

9

The Culture of Memory: The Approach of Reyes Mate

88%

Gan-Krzywoszyńska K., Leśniewski P.

Ethics in Progress

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2014

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vol. 5

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issue 2

246-256

EN

The aim of the article is to present Reyes Mate’s project for a culture of memory. Western culture/tradition tends to erase and blur the traces of crimes (even genocides) in order to achieve/restore peace; however, at the same time, this leads to ignoring the victim’s suffering and, in consequence, helps the wrongdoer. Following Reyes Mate, we argue that a memory of past injustices must constitute an integral part of the present and is the only means to prevent the hermeneutic death of victims. Any project for justice must put victims at the center of reflection. Memory is the beginning of the process that leads to reconciliation, for it makes it possible to redress both the victim and society. Moreover, it enables us to reclaim both the victim and wrongdoer as members of society. A culture of memory would also be a response to the failure of knowledge. Cases of extreme violence elude and transcend cognition; they are not only unthought but also unthinkable. Therefore, memory is a consequence not of discovering but of revealing the past: it follows from the fact that unthought exists and the unthinkable happened, which proves that our knowledge is limited and that we are able [and eager] to “invisibilize” victims’ suffering and depriving injustices of meaning. This is why memory should be the starting point for reflection on a new philosophical program against lassitude and oblivion, as well as on idealistic/anti-realistic and Enlightenment ideas. Memory reveals hidden aspects/dimensions of our reality and becomes at the same time an epistemic imperative and fundamental philosophical category.

10

Process of Reconciliation in a Postconflict Macedonia

88%

Popovska B., Ristoska Z.

Academicus. International Scientific Journal

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2015

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issue 11

63-76

EN

In this article we will consider reconciliation in a post-conflict Macedonia. When Ohrid Framework Agreement (OFA) was signed, the international community greeted the achievements of the international community as it was signed under specific circumstances. Since it stopped the conflict, it had achieved its goal. Legally, the country became a multiethnic one with a power-sharing government. Yet, the political and intellectual elite, which slightly differ from each other, did not invest intellectual and political capital when searching for a specific Macedonian (inter) national identity, which goes beyond the limitations of the ethnic definitions and mythology around them. Instead, the national discourse is emphasized. Using the terms such as multiculturalism, multhiethnicity and polylingualisam creates additional confusion. When media and politicians use these phrases and incorporate their own political discourses, the damage is done. Critical thinking is not on the agenda in the educational process and the young people are expected to listen rather than think. There is a need for a structural communication among the citizens, a social link but also a philosophical and maybe an ideological communication, so as to fill in the gaps and avoid further divisions. The only way to accomplish that is to have an open and inclusive society. In order to achieve this, the culture of dialog should be nurtured. It is not enough for Macedonians and Albanians to know each other’s folklore and cultural history. Coexistence requires knowing the modern reality. Structured communication is a key. Absence of public discourse has a positive effect on the society’s wellbeing. A debate is not a threat to the process of creating politics. Instead, it legalizes the decision-making process. The intellectual elite should take the lead, show its grandiosity, and view Macedonia as a whole in a joint narrative, which considers all the specifics of the different cultures living together and integrates them in a common goal. In that respect, the OFA was the first necessary step, and its treatment as a Holy Grail ignores the fact that the job is not done. Instead it has just started.

11

Mediation: A concept that has to do not just with the justice system

88%

Bushati E., Spaho E.

Academicus. International Scientific Journal

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2013

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issue 07

54-61

EN

Conflicts and disputes among people are an integral part of everyday life, of our private and professional life. They can be of any kind, from social, commercial, family related disputes up to those between the states themselves. Just as the types and natures of disputes increase with the economic and cultural development of any society, the mechanisms of dealing with them take a special importance as well. Besides dispute resolution by state bodies that are established by law, alternative ways for resolving disputes are developing increasingly and are receiving a special importance as well. The alternative solution of a dispute is nothing more than an alternative for resolving the dispute outside the judicial system, where the main ways are mediation and arbitration. Alternative solutions to disputes are widespread in countries of common law systems, considering that most disputes are solved in this way. In this article we will examine mediation and its development especially in Albania. Mediation is a way to resolve disputes between two or more parties, where a third person, the mediator, negotiates with the parties so that they arrive at a solution acceptable to all.

12

Reconciliation Processes In Rwanda. The Importance of Tradition and Culture for Transitional Justice

88%

Myl M.

Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review

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2020

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vol. 11

83-98

EN

In 1994, Rwanda suffered one of the worst genocides in history. It is estimated that up to 1,000,000 people were killed in the 100 days of mass slaughter. In 2019, 25 years after the atrocities, Rwanda and Rwandans are still involved in transitional processes aimed at rebuilding the country, handling the past crimes and, ultimately, achieving reconciliation. In the first part of the paper the significance of the reconciliation is elaborated. Reconciliation is often presumed to be one of the main goals for transitional justice and an essential element for rebuilding peace and security in post-conflict countries. It is also the process during which victims and perpetrators attain or restore a relationship and heal their trauma. In the second part of the paper, the importance of local tradition and cultures for transitional justice is discussed. The attention is paid to gacaca courts, reconciliation villages and umuganda, and to their roles in achieving reconciliation in Rwanda.

13

Klucz do sukcesu dwustronnych komisji podręcznikowych

88%

Czechowska L.

Kultura i Edukacja

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2014

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issue 3(103)

152-183

EN

The aim of this article is to analyze the efficiency of the three currently working on the Polish side bilateral textbook commissions (Polish-German, Polish-Lithuanian and Polish-Ukrainian). Its added value lies, firstly, in rarely undertaken in the literature comparative research – the author’s ambitions go beyond simple description of several different textbook committees. Secondly, in the formulation of concrete conclusions, which to some extent can be applied in practice. The used research method was studying the documents. Using the technique of critical analysis of the content the author revealed similarities and differences in the functioning of the three institutions in terms of: the history of creation; tasks, procedures and organization of their work; discussed topics and appearing controversies; the effects of undertaken actions. On that basis, she formulated the conviction that a decisive impact on the effectiveness of the mentioned institutions have the following factors: ambitions and chosen by commissions course of action, the framework of states’ educational policies, the political support of the governments, wide debate on commissions’ findings, attitudes of the societies on the both sides of the border and objective factors like: time, stage of nation-building process and partners’ financial capacities.

14

Le père rejeté, le père rejetant chez Hervé Guibert et Yves Navarre

88%

Porumb A.

Romanica Silesiana

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2017

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vol. 12

FR

The first-person narrative novels, Mes parents by Hervé Guibert and Biographie I, II by Yves Navarre, are part of the characters’ crisis writing where the reason of evil is always the father’s presence. Without hiding behind fictitious names, both writers reveal personal stories centered on the inevitable conflict between father and son. The family theme brings them together while their behavior makes them different. The first part of our study, “The Rejected Father,” focuses on Hervé Guibert’s violent language and attitude towards his father he will never accept. The second part, “The Rejecting Father,” is an analysis of Yves Navarre’s struggle of reconciliation with his father disappointed by his sexual preferences.

15

Potrzeba dyplomatycznej cierpliwości – wizyta Jana Pawła II w Arabskiej Republice Syrii z perspektywy relacji katolicko-żydowskich

88%

Ignatowski G.

Studia Pastoralne

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2011

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vol. 7

368-376

EN

John Paul is rightly considered to have been the pope, who contributed with his teaching to the reconciliation between the Catholic Church and Jews. His visits in the Roman Great Synagogue, in the Yad Vashem Institute of Martyrs and Heroes, as well as the prayer at the Western Wall in Jerusalem, earned their permanent place in the process of rapprochement of all Catholics and followers of Judaism. However, it must not be forgotten that, as it happens in any interreligious and ecumenical dialogue, so in the relations between the Catholic Church and Jews, sometimes certain controversies occurred. In the eighties of the XX century the causes of misunderstandings were the Vatican visits of Yasser Arafat, the Palestinian leader, and of Kurt Waldheim, the Austrian president, which brought the mutual relations to a halt for a certain period. Neither did the definitely anti-Semitic statements of Syrian political and religious leaders escape the attention of Jews during John Paul’s pilgrimage to Syria. Yet the pope’s kind, patient and dialogue-oriented attitude finally brought about the rapprochement between Syrians and Israelis. The reconciliation between the presidents of Syria and Israel, which took place at the funeral celebrations of John Paul II, was the most expressive token of that rapprochement.

16

Дефиниция понятия «межнациональное примирение»

88%

GENYK M.

Historia i Świat

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2016

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issue 5

263-276

EN

The policy of interethnic reconciliation characterizes postwar history of the 20th century and underlies the Euro integration process. The achievement of interethnic reconciliation is considered to be an important element of maintenance of stability and security in the modern world. Working out of this matter is characteristic feature of present state of science, public conscience guided by respect for universal values, European integration and globalization. Although the process is very significant there’s no definition of this matter in majority of encyclopedias and dictionaries that was caused by a relative novelty of the discipline of the peace studies. Interethnic reconciliation is a necessary component of successful peace building that can be encouraged by state structures but should be carried out through institutions of civil society and that consists in lasting transition process from negative (unstable, fragile) peace to positive one (just, lasting and enduring peace), in establishment of reciprocal dialogue, in consent and acceptance of peace settlement terms, in deep reconsideration of bilateral relations, a renunciation of revanche, overcoming of historical myths and negative stereotypes, mutual forgiveness, peace culture education, working out of cooperation projects and having for an object elimination of reasons being at the bottom of confrontation as well as prevention of recurring conflicts. Completion of formation of nations, democratic regime and community of civilizational values are important preconditions for the achievement of interethnic reconciliation.

17

The Reconciliation of the World Through the Blood of Christ’s Cross as the Completion of the Work of Creation (Col 1:15-20)

88%

Kręcidło J.

Verbum Vitae

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2021

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vol. 39

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issue 4

1133-1157

EN

The article contains a detailed exegesis of the Christological hymn in Col 1:15-20, highlighting the links between the theology of creation and kerygmatic theology. The first strophe (1:15-18a) emphasizes the author’s intention to show the function of Christ in the creation of the world, whereas the second one (1:18b-20) exposes the fact that Christ’s passion, death and resurrection were key moments in the history of the world, comparable only to the work of its creation. It is shown that both events are closely related in the hymn because reconciling the world to God in the blood of Christ is meant to be the completion of the work of creation, resulting in restoring a harmonious relationship between God and man.

18

The ghosts that will not be laid to rest: a critical reading of “Abantu Stand”

88%

Ojoniyi O. W.

International Journal of Pedagogy, Innovation and New Technologies

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2018

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vol. 5(2)

51-56

EN

This paper centres on an existential consciousness reading of the production of “Abantu Stand” by Rhodes University Theatre. “Abantu Stand” is a product of pieces of workshop sketches on current social, economic and political conversations in South Africa. From my participation in the back stage conversations of the artists and the production crew towards the final making of the production, to the discussions with the audience after each performance, I realise that, of a truth, as the closing song of the performance re-echoes, “It is not yet uhuru” for the South Africans, particularly, the people on the peripheral of the society!” In “Abantu Stand,” in spite of her post-apartheid status, South Africa appears as a volatile contested space. Of course, in reality, in many areas, 70 to 85% of lands remain in the hands of the settlers. There are towns and settlements outside of towns – for till now, majority of the blacks live in shanties outside the main towns. Inequality, mutual suspicion, mismanagement and oppression operate at different levels of the society – from race to race, gender to gender and tribe to tribe. There is the challenge of gender/sexual categorisation and the tension of “coming out” in relation to the residual resisting traditional culture of heterosexuals. The sketches in the performance are woven around these contentious issues to give room for free conversations. The desire is to provoke a revolutionary change. However, one thing is evident: South Africa, with the relics of apartheid, is still a state in transition.

19

Ukraińcy i Polacy. Pojednani Ewangelią

75%

Melnyk M.

Edukacja Humanistyczna

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2017

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issue 2

23-31

PL

Można dziś mówić o wyraźnym polsko-ukraińskim procesie pojednawczym o charakterze chrześcijańskim. Działania pojednawcze między obu narodami nastawione są na przełamywanie negatywnych stereotypów, przezwyciężanie konfliktów w sferze symbolicznej poprzez odwoływanie się do chrześcijańskiej aksjologii.

EN

Nowadays we can talk about an explicit Polish-Ukrainian reconciliation process of a Christian nature. Reconciliation between the two nations is aimed at overcoming negative stereotypes, overcoming conflicts in the symbolic sphere by referring to Christian axiology.

20

History discourses and reconciliation process in post-Suharto Indonesia

75%

Głąb K. M.

Sprawy Narodowościowe

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2018

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issue 50

EN

History discourses and reconciliation process in post-Suharto IndonesiaAfter periods of internal conflicts and authoritarianism, educational institutions often have to be reformed. However, in countries where education has been used to support repressive politics and violations of human rights, or when conflicts and abuse have resulted in a loss of educational opportunities, a traumatic past and the legacy of injustice can be a serious challenge to effective educational reforms. Prospects for the development of democracy, which usually fuel the program of rebuilding the state and building a civil society, do not often attach great importance to the settlement of the brutal past in historical education. Meanwhile, the coupling of transitional justice and reform of education systems, including historical education programs, can facilitate the reintegration of society, including children and youth in the society, and may involve younger generations in work for justice.The history of 1965-66 in Indonesia, the history of mass killings and the imprisonment of hundreds of thousands of alleged communist Indonesians, was for a long time silenced and mystified by anti-communist mythology. This was created by the authoritarian rule of Suharto. This article examines how the Orde Baru constructed a strong policy of remembrance and how this narrative that labels victims as perpetrators deserving their fate dominated historical politics (history education). This approach is still present in the official historical and political narrative in Indonesia. Meanwhile, showing the history of victims in the history education can be a prerequisite for understanding the process of reconciliation by Indonesians, thus having an impact on the democratisation of society. Thus, historical education is closely connected with transitional justice. Dyskursy historyczne a proces pojednania w Indonezji po epoce SuhartoDyskursy historyczne wiążą się ściśle z pojednaniem w procesie sprawiedliwości okresu przejściowego. Po okresach wewnętrznych konfliktów i autorytaryzmu, instytucje edukacyjne często muszą zostać zreformowane. Jednak w krajach, w których edukacja została wykorzystana do wspierania represyjnej polityki i łamania praw człowieka, traumatyczna przeszłość i spuścizna niesprawiedliwości mogą stanowić poważne wyzwanie dla skutecznych reform edukacyjnych, a tym samym demokracji.W artykule przeanalizowano, w jaki sposób Nowy Ład generała Suharto skonstruował silną politykę pamięci, i jak oficjalna narracja historyczna, określająca ofiary jako sprawców zasługujących na swój los, zdominowała politykę historyczną (edukację historyczną). Badanie pokazało, w jaki sposób to podejście jest nadal obecne w oficjalnej historycznej i politycznej narracji w Indonezji. Tymczasem pokazanie historii ofiar terroru w edukacji historycznej może być warunkiem wstępnym zrozumienia procesu pojednania przez Indonezyjczyków, a tym samym wpływania na demokratyzację społeczeństwa. W ten sposób edukacja historyczna jest ściśle związana ze sprawiedliwością okresu przejściowego.

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