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Reflexive Konstruktionen im Deutschen und Slowakischen im Vergleich

100%
Popovičová A.
Linguistische Treffen in Wrocław
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2021
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issue 19
279-289
EN
Both in German and in Slovak, the reflexive constructions, i.e. those with the component sich in German or sa/si (in the longer form seba/sebe) in Slovak, are common constructions with significant parallels but also contrasts in usage. The reflexivity is largely polysemantic in both languages; reflexivation can be motivated in different ways; the reflexive can have different morphosyntactic features and fulfil different functions. In the context of German-Slovak contrastive linguistics, the phenomenon of reflexivity has been dealt with rather peripherally. Therefore, the article aims to outline the similarities and contrasts of the reflexive constructions in both languages from the linguistic point of view, comparing their semantic and morphosyntactic features. It also aims to illustrate the most important functions of reflexivity. For this purpose, the approaches in German and Slovak grammar theories were analysed and compared using specific examples. The author discusses following categories: obligatory reflexive verbs, reflexive forms of non-reflexive verbs, verbs with semantic reflexivity, reciprocal verbs and reflexive constructions with passive perspective: reflexive passive, medio-passive and sich-lassen-constructions. The findings show that there is a terminological discrepancy between the two languages regarding the classes of verbs with reflexive pronoun, but this can be eliminated by an expanded definition. The reflexivity is polyfunctional in both languages. Rather than coreference, some of the most important functions of reflexivity are primarily expressing passive perspective and, especially in Slovak, the word formation. The most important difference derives from the fact that the reflexive passive in Slovak is considered to be the equivalent of the German werden-passive. In all respects it can be seen that the area of reflexivity in both languages extends far beyond verb semantics.
2
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Reflexivity in Old English

75%
Pielecha S.
Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies
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2014
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issue 23/2
53-62
EN
The paper discusses changes that took place in the ways of expressing reflexivity in Old English. The study examines and evaluates the two most common forms conveying reflexivity: the use of personal pronouns and the reflexive pronoun self. The Early Old English personal pronouns were able to convey a reflexive relation, but, probably in order to avoid ambiguity, the personal pronoun began to be accompanied by the pronoun self in sentences rendering a reflexive meaning. The paper also contains an account of self used on its own, which was mostly employed in structures with emphatic meanings. Moreover, the work will adduce an example of an Old English inherently reflexive verb. The data come from the Dictionary of Old English corpus.
3

The category of reflexivity in Russian

51%
Grygiel M.
Beyond Philology: An International Journal of Linguistics, Literary Studies and English Language Teaching
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2014
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issue 11
9-24
EN
The present paper is centered around the semantics of the Russian reflexive marker seen from the perspective of a larger and often neglected category of reflexivity. Russian, among other Slavic languages, employs a system of two etymologically related markers to encode the function of reflexivity. In the case of Russian, the reflexive pronoun себя ‘-self’ constitutes the heavy marker, syntactically independent, while the light reflexive marker has two allomorphs. The variation depends on the inflectional form of the verb. The allomorph -сь appears after vowels and the -ся after consonants. In contrast, the participle forms always appear with the -ся form. Additionally, the light marker is attached to the stem after other morphological markers, such as person, number and gender. Diachronically, the light form appeared as a clitic and used to take two cases: the accusative and the dative. Through diachronic changes, the case distinction was lost forming a single marker. Typologically, in a language employing a two-marker system, the light marker tends to be polysemous, covering a range of different functions in addition to the reflexive one, as is the case in Russian. In the following analysis we will try to show that the two most common linguistic encodings of reflexivity – synthetic and analytic – are related to each other and, in fact, represent the same category.
FR
Le présent article est centré sur la sémantique du marqueur réflexif en russe, vu de la perspective d’une catégorie plus large et souvent négligée qu’est la catégorie de réflexivité. Le russe, entre autres langues slaves, utilise un système avec deux marqueurs liés étymologiquement pour traduire la fonction de réflexivité. Dans le cas du russe, le pronom réflexif себя (soi, soi-même) est un marqueur lourd, indépendant syntaxiquement, tandis que le marqueur réflexif léger a deux allomorphes. La variation dépend de la forme flexionnelle du verbe. L’allomorphe -сь apparaît après les voyelles et le -ся après les consonnes. Par contre, les formes participes ont toujours la forme -ся. En outre, le marqueur léger est attaché à la racine après d’autres marqueurs morphologiques, comme la personne, le nombre ou le genre avec les formes participes. Du point de vue diachronique, la forme légère apparut comme un clitique et avait deux cas : l’accusatif et le datif. Avec les changements diachroniques, la distinction des cas fut perdue et un seul marquer fut créé. Du point de vue typologique, dans une langue qui utilise un système de deux marqueurs, le marqueur léger a tendance à être polysémique et à remplir plusieurs fonctions différentes en plus de la fonction réflexive, comme dans le cas du russe. Dans l’analyse suivante, nous allons essayer de montrer que les deux expressions de réflexivité les plus populaires – la synthétique et l’analytique – sont liées l’une à l’autre et qu’en réalité, elles représentent la même catégorie.
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K slovotvorné funkci reflexivních morfémů se, si

51%
Veselý V.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
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2018
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vol. 101
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issue 3
138-157
EN
The paper assumes the premise that the reflexive elements se, si that form the so-called proper reflexive verbs have the status of derivational morphemes. The aim of the paper is to describe the consequences of the adoption of the given premise for the interpretation of various types of reflexive verbs. It can be assumed that different groups of reflexive verbs represent derivational types which are distinctive and clearly defined to varying degrees. The more obviously the reflexive verb and the non-reflexive verb differ in terms of (a) semantic valency, (b) syntactic and semantic transitivity, the more distinctive the derivational function of the reflexive morpheme is. A distinctive, easy to define derivational type is represented by reflexive verbs (derived from transitive verbs) which are both syntactically and semantically intransitive (verbs of the type hnát se, rozbít se). A less distinctive derivational type comprises verbs which are syntactically intransitive but retain a certain degree of semantic transitivity (proper reflexive verbs formed with the morpheme se). The least distinctive derivational type is represented by verbs which are transitive in both the syntactic and semantic senses (some types of reflexive verbs formed with morpheme si).
5
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Грамматико-семантическая типология глаголов. Bозвратные новации в современном русском языке

51%
Шапошников В. Н.
Studia Rossica Gedanensia
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2017
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issue 4
59-71
RU
Рассматривается грамматико-семантическая типология глаголов. Выделяются морфосинтаксические классы глаголов в современном русском языке. Анализируется область возвратных глаголов, принципы их описания. Описываются новые явления возвратности и их типы в русском языке, выделяемые по логико-семантическому, деривационному и структурно-синтаксическому основаниям.
EN
In the article, the grammatical-semantic typology of verbs is considered. The morphosyntactic classes of verbs in the contemporary Russian language are noted. The reflexive verbs and the principles of their description are analyzed. New phenomena of reflexivity and its types in the Russian language are described, based on the semantic, derivational and syntactic criteria.
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