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Soils and chemical cycling of elements after land use changes (case studies)

100%
Harasimiuk A., Mikulska M.
Miscellanea Geographica. Regional Studies on Development
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2008
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vol. 13
145-151
EN
The process of abandonment of arable land seems to be one of the main factors of changes in landscape and soil properties. This problem occurs on nearly 10% of arable land in Poland. The natural aspect of transformation is connected with the entrance of birch trees on uncultivated land and the anthropogenic aspect is associated with pine plantations. In the beginning, the appearance of trees on the former arable land changes soil properties because soil (and plant) is the most dependent component of the natural environment. In this paper, the role of birch and pine was analysed in comparison to arable land, abandoned land without trees and birch tree communities of different age. After the entrance of birch trees, soil profiles were enriched in nitrogen and elements such as aluminium, iron, cadmium, lead, cobalt, zinc, which were moved from the sod horizon of soil or come from the atmospheric load and were accumulated in litter or the humus horizon. Compared to arable land, some elements, e.g. calcium had lower concentration under birch trees. In comparison to cultivated land, birch and pine trees made the soil environment more natural, as expressed in the chemical properties of soil.
2
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When Does the Integration of Mitigation and Adaptation in the Land Use Sector Actually Makes Sense?

88%
López Ramírez M.
Ekonomia. Rynek, Gospodarka, Społeczeństwo
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2016
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issue 46
101-119
EN
The phenomenon of climate change is addressed through two main strategies: mitigation and adaptation. It is broadly recognized that both strategies are interrelated, yet in the land use sector this connection is particularly strong. In fact, the mentioned sector is one of the most promising areas to combine mitigation and adaptation into a single intervention. In spite of its potential, in practice mitigation and adaptation are still treated as two different policy instruments. Concerns about efficiency have emerged as a result of such a dichotomy. However, how to manage an integrated implementation of mitigation and adaptation is still poorly understood. In this research paper, enabling conditions for an enhanced policy outcome in the land use sector were studied. Specifically, a dynamic optimization problem based on the concept of forest transition – the process of changes in forest cover over time as a country or region develops in social and economic terms – was suggested and solved. Forest transition was used to define initial value problems. After that, steady states were characterized for an unregulated economy and different policy configurations. The results show that partial policy interventions (only adaptation or only mitigation) improved the unregulated economy situation but delivered sub-optimal land allocation. It is only under an integrated implementation that optimality can be restored.
3

The Economic Valuation of Carbon Footprint

75%
Nekrasenko L. A., Prokopenko O. V.
Baltic Journal of Real Estate Economics and Construction Management
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2015
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vol. 3
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issue 1
120-129
EN
Currently, Greenhouse Gas Emissions are the main reason of the global warming threat. Carbon sequestration by the forests plays the important role in reducing CO2 emissions. Therefore, the environmental policy of the state to reduce greenhouse gases should first of all focus on the development of forestry. But at the same time the environmental policy depends on the tax policy of the state and is significantly different in developed countries and in countries with transition economies.
4
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Zmiany granicy rolno-leśnej w Pasmach Magurskich Beskidu Niskiego od lat 1978-1980 do lat 2003-2004

63%
Nowak A.
Prace Geograficzne
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2012
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issue 128
111-126
PL
Beskid Niski należy do regionów karpackich o największych zmianach ludnościowych, które wraz z przemianami polityczno-gospodarczymi wpłynęły na przebieg granicy rolno-leśnej. W pracy pokazano zmiany powierzchni lasu, oraz przebiegu i kształtu jego granic od lat 1978–1980 do lat 2003–2004. Stwierdzono, że granica rolno-leśna w tym okresie uległa obniżeniu o około 18 m, a powierzchnia leśna wzrosła o około 5,5%. Wzrosły też wartości wskaźników świadczących o fragmentacji płatów leśnych. Wszystko to wskazuje na trwający tu nadal proces reforestacji, dla którego fragmentacja krajobrazu jest prawidłowym stadium przejściowym.
EN
Beskid Niski is the region of Polish Carpathians, where the most significant changes in population took place. The depopulation started during the Second World War and continued until 1947, when the Lemkos were displaced from the region, which caused the abandonment of their farms and began the renaturalization process. Those changes as well as political and economic changes in Poland since 1990 are the factors which influenced pattern of the forest-field boundary in the discussed area. The author’s research was carried out in the Pasma Magurskie region, which is in the central part of Beskid Niski Mts. in Outer Western Carpathians (Fig. 1). The study area included also the Magura National Park. The main tectonic unit here is the Magura Nappe. The relief of Pasma Magurskie was formed by fluvial and denudation processes. As for altitudinal zonation, two vertical zones are distinguished here – the foothill vertical zone where original Tilio-Carpinetum betuli was transformed into agricultural fields, and lower forest vertical zone covered with Dentario glandulosae-Fagetum. As a consequence of depopulation settlement density is low here in comparison with other parts of Polish Carpathians. The author’s aim was to investigate changes in the geometry of forest-field boundary and its altitude between 1978 and 2004 in the Pasma Magurskie. Additionally, changes in the forest area were examined. The research was based on the map overlapping technique. Data derived from digitized topographic maps made in the 1978–1980 period and orthophotos of 2003–2004 years were compared and changes were analyzed. The total forest area in the region increased from 69,4% in 1980 to 73,2% in 2004 (tab. 1). At the same time the altitude of forest-field boundary lowered by c. 18 m. Also the values of metrics concerning fragmentation of forest patches increased considerably (tab. 4). It means that the process of reforestation, which through temporal fragmentation leads to the merger of landscape, is continued.
5
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Rola lasów w polityce klimatycznej

63%
Gwiazdowicz M., Kowalczewski T.
Studia BAS
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2012
|
issue 1(29)
55-83
EN
This article describes the role of forests in climate change policy. It examines the inclusion of the forestry sector into the UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol, focusing mainly on two concepts currently being developed in international debates: LULUCF (Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry) and REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation). In addition to providing an overview and analysis of these concepts, the article also outlines their potential consequences for forests in Poland and reviews the EU actions to include the forestry sector into European climate policy. Finally, some issues related to forest use for carbon offsetting and energy generation are discussed as well.
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