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The aim of the article is to characterize the development of illegal influx of people from the Near East and Africa to Europe since 2015, commonly known as the “refugee crisis”. The research problem is to show the scale of currently ongoing migratory movements to the European Union against the backdrop of earlier migratory streams and to forecast possible future developments of migration. The author puts forward the thesis that the currently observed movements of people are just a part of greater migratory streams to Europe that became intensified in the period since 2015 due to armed conflicts in some of the Arab states. A hypothesis is also formulated that in the future further intensive development of migratory movements to European Union can be expected due to predicted marked population growth in the countries of Africa and the Near East. The study is based on analysis of statistical data on migratory movements published by Eurostat (European Statistical Office), Frontex (European Border and Coast Guard Agency) and the United Nations Organization.
EN
Between 1933 and 1939 many British organisations, as well as individuals, who witnessed the rise of Nazi Germany, the implementation of anti-Jewish laws, and growing anti-Semitism, decided to take action. There were numerous attempts aimed at supporting Jews living in the Third Reich, either by providing them with money or by helping them emigrate. This article describes two largest such programmes, i.e. the Kindertransports, and an unnamed action focused on intellectuals, scientists, and artists. The article first discusses the character of both, and then proceeds to explore the question of the character of the migrations presented, as well as the differences between migration and refuge seeking. It concludes with the issue of post-war mobility of the participants of both programmes.
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