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PL
The article presents a history of selected regional names of fish found in lexicographic works dating from the beginning of the new Polish era till the turn of XX/XXI century. To give a clearer picture of the selected entries, they have been compared with historical sources: Słownik staropolski [Old Polish Dictionary], Słownik polszczyzny XVI wieku [Dictionary of XVI century Polish] as well as with Elektroniczny słownik języka polskiego XVII i XVIII wieku [Electronic dictionary of XVII and XVIII century Polish] available online.
EN
The article discusses the constructions of the type accusativus cum infinitivo in 12 Polish writings from Kiev from the years 1633-1691 and constitutes an attempt at placing the Polish language of those writings on the linguistic map of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. In source texts there dominates the so-called a.c.i. proper being a continuation of its Latin original whose structure was: verbum dicendi/sentiendi/declarandi + infinitivus + direct complement. In this group of examples special attention shall be paid to relatively numerous notations with a different infinitive than być (“be”). The so-called Polish a.c.i., which incorporates the infinitive być in the structure of nominal predicate, has fewer occurrences in the studied material, which is surprising in the light of data from Polish lands in the 17th century. Juxtaposition of the results of study with chronologically corresponding data from the northern territories of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth demonstrates different linguistic tendencies and becomes another reason for posing the question about the status of the Polish language of the Kievan printed material.
EN
"The Domestic Notes" by Bishop Maciej Wołonczewski (Motiejus Valančius) as a contribution to the knowledge of the social and linguistic situation on the territory of the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania under the rule of the tsarsThe article introduces the interesting, albeit controversial, figure of Maciej Wołonczewski (Motiejus Valančius), an important member of the nineteenth-century clergy, and his Polish-language legacy. The bishop of Samogitia’s "Domestic Notes" document persecutions of the Catholic Church in Lithuania after the November and January Uprisings at the hands of Russian Tzarist authorities, and reflect the state of Polish language and its social functions in this historical period.Valančius’ manuscripts, published in the volume edited by the historians Aldona Prašmantaitė and Jan Jurkiewicz [Motiejus Valančius, Namų užrašai (The Domestic Notes), Vilnius: Baltos Lankos, 2003], were subjected to the far-reaching standardization of spelling, thus they are not a reliable source for a linguistic research. A linguist, who would make the effort of describing the Polish language of the author, should therefore locate and take advantage the original sources, dispersed in various archives in Vilnius. "Домашние записки" епископа Матвея Волончевского. К вопросу о социальной и языковой обстановке на территории бывшего Великого княжества Литовского во время царского правленияСтатья приближает интересную, но спорную, личность священника XIX-го века и его письменное наследие на польском языке. Заметки епископа Матвея Волончевского документируют репрессии, применяемые царским правительством по отношению к Католической церкви в Литве после восстаний против царской власти, и – одновременно – отражают состояние тогдашнего польского языка и его общественные функции. Изданные в научной разработке историков: Альдоны Прашмантайте и Яна Юркевича рукописи Волончевского [Motiejus Valančius, Namų užrašai (Домашние заметки), Vilnius: Baltos lankos, 2003] сильно кодифицированы и не могут быть достоверным источником лингвистических исследований. Лингвист, который захочет изучить польский язык жемайтского автора, будет вынужден работать с подлинниками, разбросанными по разным вильнюсским архивным фондам.
PL
Celem artykułu jest rekonstrukcja językowego stereotypu mieszkańca Krakowa uwzględniająca zarówno perspektywę wewnętrzną społeczności lokalnej, jak i perspektywę zewnętrzną tych, którzy do owej wspólnoty nie należą. Do opisu wybrano określenia będące nośnikami lokalnego dziedzictwa kulturowo-historycznego, takie jak: krakus i krakauer, które funkcjonują w opozycji do oficjalnego krakowianin. Przyjęty przez autorki punkt wyjścia – wyraz i jego tekstowe użycia – zakłada analizę semazjologiczną, w której zmierza się do odkrycia w tekstach subtelnych różnic semantycznych między badanymi jednostkami, a w konsekwencji ewokowanego przez nie stereotypowego obrazu mieszkańca Krakowa. Korpus badawczy stanowią materiały regionalne, dane językowe z Narodowego Korpusu Języka Polskiego, inne teksty internetowe oraz wyniki przeprowadzonej ankiety sondażowej.
EN
The aim of the article is a reconstruction of the lingual stereotype of an inhabitant of Cracow. The authors take into consideration both an internal perspective of the local community and an external perspective of people who do not belong to this social group. For our research we have chosen names of Cracow’s inhabitans – “krakus” and “krakuaer”, as opposed to “krakowianin” that are carriers of local cultural and historic heritage. Therefore, in the analysis, the authors take a semasiological point of view investigating in texts subtle semantic differences between the mentioned lexemes, consequently recreating the stereotypical image of an inhabitant of Cracow. The material analyzed in the article consists of regional literature, texts from the National Corpus of Polish, other internet texts and results of survey research.
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