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EN
The history of states situated in Central and Eastern Europe in nineteenth and twentieth centuries differs significantly from the history of contemporary than western democracies. In nineteenth century, when the majority of states in Western Europe have shaped their own models of horizontal and vertical division of powers, states in Central and Eastern part of the continent have fought for their political position in the context of larger, complex states or didn`t exist at the map of the world at all. The short period of peace between the First and the Second World War has allowed for some experiments with democratic institutions and procedures, but there was no time for their consolidation. After the Second World War that part of Europe has fallen under the influence of the Soviet Union, losing the chance to implement political solutions known by the Western Europeans for more than 150 years. The democratic transition, started symbolically in 1989, has allowed to undertake new efforts to establish democratic orders in states of Central and Eastern Europe. However, the horizontal division of powers was far more important than the reflection on necessity of vertical organization of the public authority. Mentioned problems have decisively caused difficulties in defining relations between political centres and peripheries in states of the Central and Eastern Europe. But it does not mean that politically significant processes in these states are taking place only in political centres and their only actors are state-wide-parties. For that reason the main aim of this paper will be to justify the necessity of scientific research concerning regional and ethnoregional parties as well as proto-parties in Central and Eastern Europe.
EN
The aim of the article is to present how European integration influences nationalistic, regional, and ethnoregional parties (top-down Europeanization) and how these types of national parties influence Europe and what structures they form to influence the decisionmaking process of the European Union (bottom-down Europeanization). The article is divided into three parts. The first part characterizes the phenomenon of Europeanization of political parties. It also attempts at defining nationalistic, regional, and ethnoregional parties. The second part presents the attitude of such parties towards European integration and factors that influence it. The parties were divided into nationalistic parties that represent the domineering nation, and parties of preferential nationalism. The third part of the article discusses institutionalisation of the cooperation of parties of preferential nationalism on the European level, taking into consideration cooperation in the European Parliament (Greens/ EFA fraction) and non-Parliamentarian organization – European Free Alliance (EFA).
EN
The main aim of the paper is the theoretical analysis of the concept of the territorial heteronomy. Conclusions concerning the idea of territorial autonomy, regionalism or federalism easily can be found in the scientific literature. But they are useless to investigate and explain many political processes and political preferences in states of the Central and Eastern Europe. It is because states of this part of the continent did not have a chance to create and develop their own models of classic administration institutions in the nineteenth century, inter alia the local and regional government. Their only experience in this area is limited to the interwar period between 1918 and 1939. They have gained a new chance for a democratic division of public tasks after the collapse of the communist system in the very end of the twentieth century. But in that period they have focused more on the horizontal division of powers than on the vertical one. For that reason up till today political phenomena in the political centre have more importance than the regional policy impact attempts. The inspiration for such a research were electoral results obtained by two regional parties at elections to the Śląskie Voivodeship Assembly in 2018.
PL
W artykule autor stara się ustalić, jaką rolę powinny i mogą odgrywać partie regionalne procesie integracji europejskiej. Znaczenie tego pytania wynika z faktu, że partie regionalne spotykają się z niechęcią ze strony władz politycznych i społeczeństw „państw narodowych” We wstępie autor pokazuje, w jaki sposób zmieniło się podejście do regionalizmu w Europie w połowie lat 80. XX w. Najbardziej widoczne jest ono w koncepcji „nowego regionalizmu”. Kontynuując swoje rozważania autor opisuje toczącą się debatę na temat tego jaką rolę odgrywają partie regionalne, a zwłaszcza ich szczególna forma jaką są partie etnoregionalne w systemach politycznych współczesnych państw europejskich. Podano również przykład rywalizacji politycznej w regionie i ogólnych zasad rządzących konkurencją na poziomie regionu. Autor wierzy, że analiza funkcjonowania regionalnych systemów partyjnych może być przydatna w analizowaniu procesów społeczno- politycznych, zwłaszcza na Górnym Śląsku.
EN
In the article, the author seeks to find what role regional parties should and can perform in the process of European integration. The significance of this question stems from the fact that regional parties tend to face reluctance from the political authorities and societies of “nationalizing states.” In the introduction, the author shows how approach to regionalism changed in Europe in the mid-1980s, most prominently in the concept of “new regionalism.” He continues to describe the ongoing debate on what regional parties and their particular form, ethno-regional parties, are and the roles they perform in the political systems of contemporary European states. An example is also provided of the political rivalry in the region and the general principles governing competition at the region level. The author believes that the insights into the functioning of regional party systems can be useful in analyzing socio-political processes, especially in Upper Silesia.
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