The article deals with the excessive use of mobile devices by children and students. The article draws attention to the earlier children’s contact with devices and public applications. The article presents the possible causes of this phenomenon and the resulting threats. The article has a theoretical and research character.
The subject of the article is the principle of decentralization. The work contains an analysis of the following: characteristic features of decentralization and its types, as well as decentralization relations. The aim of the work is to identify and name the type of these relations and also to describe their characteristic features, making use of selected examples which occur within the area of local government education.
In view of the twenty-fifth anniversary of Ukraine's independence, assessing the state-building processes, including the assertion of the state as a subject of international relations, attention is drawn to Ukraine's relations with Poland, the efforts of wich have substantially increased the advances of our state. The attention is focused on the development of strategic partnership relations between Ukraine and Poland as well as their progress over almost twenty years. The article was drawn on a novel theoretical and methodological basis using appropriate conceptual and categorical tools. The interdisciplinary nature of the study is well agreed with the integration processes in modern Ukrainian humanities. The author highlighted the conceptual basis of Ukrainian-Polish relations; the conditions of their genesis to the level of strategic partnership were determined. Asserting the fact that relationships of the parties are being conditioned by the presidential factor, given the changes in both states presidential power, particular stages in Ukrainian-Polish relations have been defined and characterized. An attempt was made to reveal the specificity of interstate relations during the presidency of L. Kuchma - A. Kwasniewski, Y. Yushchenko - l. Kaczynski, V. Yanukovych - B. Komorowski and to attribute each of them a balanced assessment, and to forecast the content and direction of cooperation between the two countries for the period of P. Poroshenko - A. Duda's presidency. The findings are inclusive of the comparative analysis of Ukrainian and Polish approaches to the development of relations of strategic partnership between the two countries.
Development of the Internet and social media allowed for creating and maintaining of social and business relations in cyberspace which resulted in dynamic growth of virtual communities whose members are very often stakeholders of a company including: customers, employees, suppliers, creditors and investors. These entities are differentiated by their knowledge potential and willingness to share this knowledge with other entities inside and outside the community. In contemporary companies where the foundation of competitive potential is knowledge the usage of diversified knowledge potential is not only a necessity but also a challenge. The main purpose of the paper is highlighting the possibilities to apply virtual communities in the process of goodwill creation. The research presented in the paper aimed at determining the reasons for using virtual communities among the citizens of Poland between 2008 and 2016 and the results of this research confirmed feeble utilisation of knowledge potential of virtual communities in the creation of knowledge resource in a company.
The article discusses the issue of mutual relations between representatives of the Police and the Polish Army over the last 100 years. The intention of the issues raised is the need to build positive ties between soldiers and officers, who, as the history cards show, have repeatedly set an example of mutual sacrifice for the good of their Homeland. Although the discussed period of time also contains difficult historical threads, especially in the period between the functioning of the second and third Republic of Poland, thanks to the available sources and literature on the subject we learn about numerous examples of building the common good of citizens. Thanks to specific legal regulations throughout the century, we see more and more precise fields of cooperation between services, as exemplified by the activities of Police and Military Police officers during national and international events taking place in the country as well as beyond its borders. A special dimension of the presented relations is the more and more expressive contemporary cooperation not only on the military line, but also among the local community, as well as in the mutual sports rivalry of uniformed services.
Sektor MSP pełni kluczową rolę w rozwoju polskiej gospodarki. Jest on często postrzegany przez banki jako obiecujący i dochodowy, ale jednocześnie dość ryzykowny. Ryzyko to wynika najczęściej z dość krótkiej obecności tych firm na rynku oraz braku dobrej jakości zabezpieczeń spłaty kredytu. Analizując sytuację różnych grup podmiotów na rynku usług finansowych można powiedzieć, iż pozycja MSP jest raczej słaba. Wynika to z wielu czynników: gorszego dostępu do informacji, niższej ich jakości oraz niższego poziomu wiedzy merytorycznej w zakresie świadczonych usług finansowych. Jednym z wielu problemów, z którymi borykają się te przedsiębiorstwa jest utrudniony dostęp do zewnętrznych źródeł finansowania. Są one niezbędne do prowadzenia bieżącej działalności, jak również umożliwiają ich dalszy rozwój. Problem ten pogłębił od 2008 roku globalny kryzys gospodarczy i finansowy, a zwłaszcza brak zaufania m.in. pomiędzy instytucjami finansowymi i podmiotami gospodarczymi. Celem artykułu jest ukazanie wpływu globalnego kryzysu na relacje pomiędzy bankami a MSP.
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The sector of SMEs plays a key role in the economic development in Poland. On the other hand they belong to the group of units that is characterized with the weakest position in the market. Practice and theory show that SMEs seek for the financial means for running their activities and for investments. The problem with the financing strongly appeared in the time of the financial and economic crisis, when SMEs and entrepreneurs have suffered a double shock: a drastic plummet in demand for goods and services and the tightening in credit terms, which were ruthlessly disturbing their cash flows.
The paper is the result of questionnaire research conducted to verify the hypothesis that guaranteed contracts in relations with banks is becoming culturally obsolete. Working from this assumption is rooted in the realities of everyday life and is based on studies developed specifically to verify the above hypothesis. The paper is taken from the empirical section of the author’s unpublished Ph.D. dissertation: “The functioning of the guarantee in contemporary society – awareness and willingness to be the guarantor”. Both the research and the development of its outcomes are completely independent of other materials and studies. Studies by other authors are not used in the present work.
In the source literature the concept of safety is variably defined, depending on the sphere and discipline of research science (sociology, economy, political sciences, security). The definitions of security most often stress the lack of threats, certainty and creating conditions for development, and the sense of security is viewed as a set of convictions, belief in possibility to obtain desired results. Sense of security is shaped i.a. under the influence of access to information and psychological factors that decide how a specific situation is perceived. In the analysis concerning the sense of security among the citizens of municipalities, references were made to the characteristics of local communities available in the source literature: shared territory, relations, common social interest, local sentiment and institutions called up to cater to the needs of citizens. Local institutions are responsible for shaping the following conditions: material well being, spiritual development, security and future perspectives, they cooperate in specific scope with state institutions, including the military units. These units act to ensure state security for the society in general and their location within given municipalities also strengthens local economic potential. The military units carry out defence and protective tasks, also engaging in relations with local entities in order to achieve this goal. Perception of the Army among the society, including its influence on the state security, is a subject of analyses conducted by various scientific institutions and research facilities, which includes the academy represented by the authors of the article. The issues presented in the paper are a continuation of the studies dealing with influence of the military units on local development in different aspects. Therefore the goal of the studies was formulated as follows: identifying influence of the military units on the sense of security among the citizens, specifying the concerns associated with presence of the military units within the municipalities and the assessment of the Army actions in a threat situation as well as assessment of the military units potential in the context of benefits resulting from presence within a municipality. In addition to other methods (analysis, synthesis) applied during the studies, the significant role was performed by the diagnostic poll method ñ CATI (Computer Assisted Telephone Interview). The studies aimed at collecting opinions of the citizens were carried out in November 2017 in urban municipalities: Braniewo, Brzeg, Chelmno, Hrubieszow, Slupsk and encompassed 600 participants selected proportionally to the total number of citizens in given municipalities. The respondents formulated opinions on the chosen aspects of security associated with presence of a military unit within their municipality. Moreover, the article refers to the results of the studies carried out by other authors and study results announced by the Public Opinion Research Center. The analysis was carried out with the use of computer programmes Excel and Statistica v. 13.1.
Metropolis logistics is a new research issue that begins to play an important role in shaping inter-organizational relationships. The concept of logistics in metropolitan context is a contemporary term used primarily to identify issues that will improve the transformation of products and information in building inter-organizational efficiency. On the one hand, the issues of metropolitan logistics are based on shaping the flow of products and information in building inter-organizational efficiency. On the other hand, the formation of inter-organizational bonds has a complex and multidimensional structure that creates a specific network of interactions, in which metropolitan logistics determines their development in relation to the environment. The aim of the article is to identify the conditions that build up inter-organizational relations within the Silesian-Zagłębie (Ś-Z) metropolitan area. The article presents selected results of exploratory research carried out among logistic entities operating in the Silesian-Zagłębie metropolitan area. The authors attempted to answer the question: what are the challenges ahead of metropolitan logistics in shaping interorganizational relationships?
To sum up, it should be stated that the concept of efficiency should be understood as a quick, effective and rational operation of the participants in the proceedings, taking into account the principles of efficiency and savings of financial resources. The length of proceedings is one of the most acute problems not only of criminal law, but also of the administration of justice in general. The first and foremost reason for such a classification is that the excessive length of proceedings prevents a fair hearing, since it does not respect the constitutional right to have a case heard without undue delay. Secondly, long proceedings generate high costs, an issue particularly important when these costs are borne by the State Treasury and thus not by the convict whose culpable behavior has caused them to arise.The issues of efficiency of criminal proceedings and their costs are inextricably linked. Furthermore, it establishes that the efficiency of criminal proceedings determines the level of generated costs. The research shows that the quality of the proceeded cases depends on the financial outlays and that the costs indicated by the procedural authorities do not correspond with those actually incurred. In conclusion, it should be pointed out that financial aspects fall within the scope of the regulatory impact assessment and constitute a priority when implementing new legal provisions, in direct relation to the economic analysis of law and the efficiency and costs of ongoing proceedings.
The author claims that the conceptual content of perception can serve as an argument in favour of epistemological realism. He argues on behalf of the main theses of conceptualism in philosophy of perception, and explores the relational aspects of perceptual objects which make up the general conditions determining their reality. The relational aspects are as follows: the unity of quantitative and qualitative contents, their concomitance and inherence property in relation to an object. These general aspects are essential for epistemological realism and establish the correlates of the conceptual identification of objects of perception.
The study reflects on the changes in the attitude of Czech writers towards politics and social events after 1989. Primary renunciation of mutual attachments and overlaps between literature and social life represented namely by Jiří Kratochvil was gradually replaced by a situation typical for the history of the Czech literature in which literary works usually presented an active reflection on political and social events. The process of escaping the “trap of aestheticism” was accompanied by an intense and long-standing dispute on the issue of politically and socially committed literature. In the paper, Milan Kozelka is considered the most noticeable critic of contemporary political events in Czech society.
At the turn of the twentieth century, the debate between supporters of internal and external relations showed how our assumptions on the nature of relations result in ontological, epistemic, and ethical commitments. In this debate, Alfred North Whitehead provided the most articulated and satisfying account through his “philosophy of the organism,” which holds relations to be internal yet vectorial, without excluding completely external relations. Today, the debate has become once again topical and constitutes a core issue for speculative realism. This paper aims to show how the theory of external relations endorsed by some leading figures of speculative realism (Meillassoux, Harman, Bryant) does not suffice to preserve the desiderata it was designed for, and how a more serious consideration of Whitehead’s theory would have beneficial effects on the ontological and ethical issues of this rejuvenated metaphysical discourse.
One of the important causes of the ecological crisis is the egoistic mentality of contemporary people and the lack of respect for the natural order and immanent purpose of the creation. In order to shape a new pro-ecological consciousness a new concept of man and his relations with the environment is needed. One of the proposals is Catholic anthropology, whose ecological foundations were indicated by Pope Francis in his Encyclical Laudato si’. It is a proposal to describe man applying religious concepts, but also including the up-to-date knowledge about man and the environment. It is a concept open to dialogue, the aim of which should be the development of a pro-ecological lifestyle for contemporary people. Catholic anthropology postulates to combine “external” ecology with “moral” ecology, which can help modern man not only to have control over nature, but also to become its defender through small, everyday activities. In ecologically oriented anthropology, the created world is treated as a common home, and Pope Francis calls it our sister, with whom we share existence, and a beautiful mother, who takes us in her arms.
Considering Poland’s political relations with Ukraine in the years 1991-2005, it is impossible to ignore the earlier years, ie the period from 1989 which was the beginning of the systemic transformation in Poland, the effect of which was, among others, change of the main goals and priorities of Polish foreign policy. According to the agreement of the governments of both countries, Polish-Ukrainian relations have never been as good as today, but if we want to improve them further, it is worth considering the asymmetries that exist in these relations. Poland is currently in a much better situation than Ukraine, as evidenced by, inter alia, a stable democratic system, a much higher standard of living, a legal system adapted to European requirements, market reforms carried out, membership in NATO and the European Union, and Ukraine was in a much worse position at the time of regaining independence.
In this article, the author considers the Azerbaijani state as a subject of constitutional and legal relations. The definition of constitutionalism is also analyzed, in which the main value in the state is the freedom of the individual and the provision of fundamental human rights and freedoms.
The development of social competence is reflected in the individual’s potential for constructive cooperation and behavior in social situations, in the possibility of establishing interpersonal relationships and understanding different viewpoints and in the capability of to tolerance and compassion. The purpose of this research paper is to compare teachers’ opinions on attained social competence of pupils with special needs and other pupils. A questionnaire for teachers was adapted. Pupils with special needs were slightly better at accepting diversity and difference and demonstrated a higher level of politeness than other pupils.
The study is aimed at presenting the educational space of a disabled learner within the category of infrahumanization – social categorizing into “ingroups” and “outgroups”. The presented issues comprise educational space, three functioning forms of education, the phenomenon of infrahumanization and the common group identity. Disabled learners’ functioning within a class is presented in: mainstream school (where the dominating group consists of learners without disabilities), integrated school (where categorization of learners is shaped in the way offering more chances to the disabled), and special school (a segregation-based form). Two dimensions of the discussed phenomenon of infrahumanization are indicated – heterogeneousness, which enhances attitudes of acceptance and understanding within a class group (micro-dimension) and its more serious social consequences (macro-dimension).
Aim. The purpose of the article is to study, analyse and present the readiness of Georgia in the modern period to meet international problems – it is the main goal of sustainable development, including higher education. The government of Georgia, since ancient times correctly understood the role of education for future prosperity, currently the government is doing its best to meet the international challenges in the fourth goal of sustainable development - education, including higher education. Methods. The paper is presented based on official documents, scientific research papers, analysis, and the historical-comparative method. Results. The article presents important challenges for the integration of the Georgian state into the European space at the present stage, which is enshrined in the Constitution (Parliament of Georgia, 2018) and several important documents. In this context, promoting access to education is an important international agreement for the country to overcome modern global challenges - one of the most important goals of sustainable development - an important precondition for strengthening the socio-political and cultural development of society. Conclusion. The paper is based on the study/processing of international and local official materials, as well as expert research has the opportunity to assess the readiness of the higher education system to follow the goals of sustainable development. The country’s relevant structures are actively creating all the conditions for the convergence/engagement of the Georgian educational space under modern international standards which has been demonstrated in practice by the capabilities of higher education institutions.
The objective of this article is to try to determine the levels of implementation and the use of modern technologies in selected areas of internal transport and storage. This is primarily due to the very high dynamics of the environment and the increasing level of customer centricity that forces companies to systematically search for new, innovative and competitive solutions, particularly in logistics chain. Such solutions are particularly desirable in strategic areas of logistics, that is: storage and handling. Hence, modern companies increasingly more often decide to implement state-of-the-art solutions that would not only improve the functioning of the entire organization, but first and foremost would bring about competitive advantage on the market.
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