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Turkish ATB Relativization: Implications on Relative Clause Formation

100%
Meral S. B., Meral H. M.
Poznań Studies in Contemporary Linguistics
|
2016
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vol. 52
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issue 1
77-84
EN
This paper discusses Turkish across-the-board relativization in relation to the two relative clause formation strategies: (i) the empty operator movement analysis of Chomsky (1977), and (ii) the head raising analysis of Kayne (1994). It shows that the across-the-board relative clauses where the head noun is interpreted inside both conjuncts present evidence against the head raising analysis of Turkish relative clauses a la Kayne (1994) due to the fact that ATB relativization does not require that the gaps be in positions requiring the same case. The operator movement analysis of Chomsky (1977), on the other hand, base generates the head noun and renders it free from the case features inside the conjuncts.
2
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Wh-Movement in Standard Arabic: An Optimality-Theoretic Account

100%
Btoosh M.
Poznań Studies in Contemporary Linguistics
|
2010
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vol. 46
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issue 1
1-26
EN
This paper is meant to delineate the syntax of wh-movement in Standard Arabic within the Optimality Theory framework. The scope of this study is limited to examine only simple, relativized and indirect verbal information questions. Further restrictions also have been placed on tense and negation in that only past tense affirmative questions are tackled here.Results show that Standard Arabic strictly adheres to the OP SPEC constraint in the matrix as well as the subordinate clauses. Findings also show that Prep-Strand violation is intolerable in all types of information questions. Furthermore, the phonological manifestation of the complementizer is obligatory when the relative clause head is present or when the relative clause head is deleted and a resumptive pronoun is left behind.
3
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The Choice of Relative Pronouns in the First Quarto and First Folio Texts of Shakespeare’s Richard III: Testing the Memorial Reconstruction Hypothesis

100%
Sato K.
Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies
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2019
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issue 28/2
63-77
EN
The present paper examines the choice of relative pronouns in the First Quarto and First Folio texts of Shakespeare’s Richard III, with the purpose of testing the adequacy of the memorial reconstruction hypothesis, which Patrick first proposed in his 1936 monograph. He notes a high proportion of corrupted readings in the Quarto, suggesting that it is a re- construction of the Folio, created by actors relying on their inaccurate memories. On the other hand, Smidt (1964) demonstrates that the Quarto’s readings are preferable in many details, though he admits Patrick’s hypothesis, in part, in his second book (1970). Regarding the use of relative pronouns, there is a crucial difference between the two texts: the Folio uses that 13 times to introduce non-restrictive clauses, while the Quarto uses which, and these two items are never substituted the other way around. Interestingly, the Quarto’s choice accords with Shakespeare’s ordinary usage, whereas the Folio deviates from it. Thus, the memorial reconstruction hypothesis cannot explain the variants of relative pronouns. It will be posited that relative pronouns in the Quarto text may have been deliberately revised in the process of written transmission.
4
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Leksykalizacja zdań rozwijających z wyrażeniami cokolwiek i co w funkcji komentarza metatekstowego

86%
Stępień M.
Poradnik Językowy
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2020
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vol. 778
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issue 9
38-58
PL
The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the lexicalisation and pragmaticalisation process, as a result of which – in modern Polish – developing clauses, also called non-integrated appositive relative clauses, give rise to metatextual expressions, which comment on a statement/utterance (discourse markers) in the form co by nie / cokolwiek by nie (whatever you) with supplementations in the form of infi nitives mówić, powiedzieć, rzec (say). The expressions were subject to an analysis intended to determine their distribution, form and connectivity, as well as semantic and syntactic properties, including functions in the thematic-rhematic structure. The discussions allowed also for the possibility to interpret the described phenomenon in the categories of conventional implicature.
5

O pewnych staro- i średniopolskich strukturach składniowych z zaimkiem względnym

72%
Senderska J.
Język Polski
|
2013
|
issue 2
105-114
PL
Autorka uznaje zdania wprowadzane zaimkiem względnym umieszczonym po kropce, średniku lub dwukropku, czasem zwane zdaniami anaforycznymi, za szczególnego rodzaju zdania rozwijające. Zdania tego typu były częste w staropolskich i średniopolskich tekstach. Współcześnie te nieco manieryczne konstrukcje używane są sporadycznie.
EN
In the article the author considers sentences which begin with a relative pronoun placed after a full stop, semicolon or colon (sometimes called anaphoric sentences) to be a specific kind of nonrestrictive clauses. Sentences of this type were frequent in Old Polish and Middle Polish texts. Nowadays they are used occasionally and seem to be a little mannerist.
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