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EN
The authors use a restricted factor model to estimate the Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices (HICP) excluding relative price changes. The index obtained in this way, referred to as pure inflation, demonstrates a stronger relationship to the central bank’s short-term interest rate than the HICP index and selected measures of core inflation. Pure inflation also has a forecasting effect on the future HICP, comparable or better than that of competing models. The estimated variable shows that changes in relative prices played a much smaller role in the recent period of rising inflation (2006-2008) than during previous inflation increases (1999-2000 and 2004-2005). This shows that inflation was mainly driven by demand pressures in 2006-2008, the authors conclude.
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Struktura cen w polskim cyklu gospodarczym. Faza spadku

84%
PL
Celem opracowania jest weryfikacja hipotezy wynikającej z teorii au- striackiej szkoły ekonomii. Mówi ona, że w spadkowej fazie cyklu koniunkturalnego, ceny dóbr wytwarzanych w sektorach najbardziej oddalonych od konsumenta spadają w stosunku do cen towarów kon- sumpcyjnych. Przeprowadzone w opracowaniu badania zmian cen w polskiej gospodarce nie pozwalają jednoznacznie pozytywnie zwe- ryfikować stawianej hipotezy. Obserwacjami zgodnymi z hipotezą były: (1) względny spadek cen nakładów inwestycyjnych w stosunku do cen dóbr konsumpcyjnych w fazach spadkowych lat 2000-2002 i 2004-2005; (2) najniższe średnioroczne wzrosty cen nakładów inwestycyjnych; (3) największe spadki cen metali we wszystkich fazach spadkowych; (4) dynamiczne spadki cen wielu surowców w latach 2008-2009. Sprzeczne ze stawianą hipotezą były następujące zmiany: (1) odwrotna, do tezy Austriaków, struktura dynamiki cen dóbr inwestycyjnych, produkcji przemysłowej oraz dóbr konsumpcyjnych w ostatniej fazie spadkowej; (2) najbardziej dynamiczne wzrosty ceny surowców; (3) względny wzrost cen maszyn i urządzeń w stosunku do cen artykułów spożywczych w dwóch pierwszych fazach spadkowych.
EN
The purpose of this paper is to verify hypothesis derived from the theory of the Austrian School of Economics. It says that in the down- ward phase of the business cycle, the prices of goods produced in sectors which are remote in relation to consumers fall comparing to the prices of the consumption goods. Conducted research of price variations in the Polish economy pro- vided no grounds for positive, unambiguous verification of this hy- pothesis. The list of observations confirming the hypothesis involves: (1) a relative decline in investment outlays’ prices comparing to the prices of consumption goods in the downward phase of the cycles in 2000–2002 and 2004–2005, (2) the lowest annual average increases of investment outlays’ prices, (3) the largest decreases in metal prices in all downward stages, (4) dynamic decrease in prices of many raw materials in years 2008–2009. The following variations, however, are contrary to the hypothesis: (1) contrary to the thesis of the Austrians, structure of the dynamics of prices of capital goods, industrial production and consumer goods in the last downward phase, (2) the most dynamic growth in prices of raw materials, (3) the relative increase in prices of machinery and equipment in relation to food prices in the first two downward phases.
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