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PL
Artykuł jest poświęcony krytycznemu podsumowaniu wiedzy na temat przedchrześcijańskiej religii Słowian postrzeganej przez pryzmat dostępnych źródeł.
EN
A figurine made of copper alloy discovered in the area of Tymawa, Gniew commune, during the search with metal detector, perfectly fits into the horizon of this type of finds from the early Middle Ages. The specimen discussed in the text has features of uniqueness in terms of the form in which the animal was depicted, and the closest analogies are the complex of artefacts from the north-west Slavic territory, which are presented in this text. Further analogies, signaled in the text, come from the territory of Poland and broader from the Baltic Sea basin. All of them allow us to date the artefact probably to the 10th-11th century and associate it with Slavic settlement. The analysis of the function and meaning of the artefact presented in the text is directed towards symbolic and religious interpretation. The figurine was probably associated with the high status of divine horses, known from temple complexes described in a few written sources. It seems that it is possible to try to link this category of artefacts with deities associated with the sphere of prosperity and trade, in the type of Trzygław - Weles, in which worship horses played a significant role.
EN
It is argued in this study that contemporary Rodnovers (practitioners of Slavic Native Faith, or Rodnovery) revive ethnographic and historical sources by applying two strategies: (re)construction of pre-Christian Slavic rituals and (re)paganisation of 19th-c. folk rituals. It is a new kind of practice: source materials are not modified for the purpose of presentation to receipients from “outside” (as is the case with folklore and historical reconstruction) but function as the basic substrate of religious customs and beliefs, practiced by Rodnovers themselves. Despite appearances, this is not a continuation of folk tradition but a new religious phenomenon, whose major actors use ethnography and folk content in a creative and unorthodox manner.
PL
W artykule zaprezentowana została teza, że współcześni wyznawcy rodzimowierstwa dokonują rewitalizacji źródeł etnograficznych i historycznych, posługując się dwiema strategiami: (re)konstrukcji przedchrześcijańskich obrzędów Słowian oraz (re)poganizacji XIX-wiecznych obrzędów ludowych. Jest to nowy rodzaj praktyk polegający na tym, że materiały źródłowe nie są przetwarzane i stylizowane w celu zaprezentowania ich w nowym kontekście odbiorcom „z zewnątrz” (jak w przypadku folkloryzmu czy rekonstrukcji historycznych), ale stają się podstawowym substratem wierzeń i obrzędów religijnych, których „użytkownikami” są sami rodzimowiercy. Nie mamy tu jednak do czynienia z kontynuacją tradycji ludowych (choć na pierwszy rzut oka tak to może wyglądać), lecz z nowym zjawiskiem religijnym, którego główni aktorzy posługują się etnografią i folklorystyką w sposób twórczy i nieortodoksyjny.
EN
The first part of the article is devoted to a discussion of Aleksander Gieysztor’s research on the religion and mythology of the Slavs. It discusses the sources of his inspiration (among others the works of Georges Dumézil on the original beliefs and mythology of the Indo-European peoples, the Romans and the Germans; the Parisian ‘Annales’ school) and the achieved results, e.g., the reconstruction of the pantheon of the original Slavic deities. In the second part of the paper, the author reinterprets Gallus Anonymous’ account of the founding of the Piast dynasty.
EN
The article presents a new find of a miniature horse discovered probably near Cedynia against a background of parallel finds from the area of the north-western Slavdom and the Baltic Sea basin.
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