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Religious Fundamentalism: Theorethical Problems

100%
Marczewska-Rytko M.
Polish Political Science Yearbook
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2007
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vol. 36
215-223
EN
The following article will attempt to present characteristics of religious fundamentalism. The task requires addressing terminological and methodological issues, which seem to constitute the weakest link in the overall research of the phenomenon. Even a cursory analysis of the available data points to the fact, that comparative studies are in minority, while an overwhelming majority of all research focuses on particular instances of fundamentalism, most commonly within one specific religion. Three preliminary observations can be made. Firstly, usually the case is that of either methodological maximalism or minimalism. The work edited by Martin E. Marty and R. Scott Appleby Fundamentalisms Observed, significant as it was, can serve as a valid example of maximalist approach. The phenomenon discussed therein is viewed in the broad perspective, thus it becomes almost synonymous to traditionalism, nationalism, orthodoxy or communalism.
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Die Grundlagen des modernen Fundamentalismus

100%
Giedrojc K.
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2010
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vol. 15
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issue 2
427-442
EN
The idea of fundamentalism is repeatedly present in mass media and often occupies the center of religious and political discussions. There are some sociological conditions of fundamentalism and different applications of the term in mass media. The psychological research tries to explain the phenomenon as well. The philosophical analysis put the question of the nature of fundamentalism. The following text tries to give an answer to such a question. The fundamentalism seems to be no traditional, but inherently a modern movement that it´s religious convictions puts absolutely through, mainly in politics.
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EAS Temperament Traits, Gender, Age and Religious Fundamentalism in a Polish Sample

88%
Oniszczenko W., Stanisławiak E., Dąbrowska A. D.
Polish Psychological Bulletin
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2014
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vol. 45
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issue 1
64-68
EN
This is a study of the relationship between EAS temperament traits, age and gender, and religious fundamentalism in an adult Polish sample. Participants were sampled from among people who tended towards secularisation. A total of 902 participants, including 551 women and 351 men, aged 18 to 58 (M=27.73; SD=7.40) were studied. Participants were students in a variety of university faculties and adults with higher education representing a variety of professions. They all lived in the Warsaw area. Temperament was assessed with Buss and Plomin’s EAS Temperament Survey. Religious fundamentalism was assessed using Altemeyer and Hunsberger’s Religious Fundamentalism Scale (short, revised version). The level of religious fundamentalism was found to be associated with the temperament traits of sociability and anger. All three variables decrease in intensity with age. Women have higher levels of religious fundamentalism than men.
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Two Concepts and One Memory. An Attempt to Reconsider Religion and Culture in the Light of Memory

75%
Obirek S.
Estetyka i Krytyka
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2015
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issue 3(38)
47-64
EN
Already in 1964 Wilfred Cantwell Smith wrote that: “the term ‘religion’ is confusing, unnecessary, and distorting”. Since then many new definitions for ‘religion’ were elaborated. In 2012 Jared Diamond not only reminded sixteen of them, but also proposed two new definitions. The multiplicity of defini-tions for ‘culture’ is well known. In the recent anthropological reflection the basic concepts of Western civilization underwent a dramatically transfor-mations. This is true also for religion and culture and found a specific culmi-nation in the theory elaborated by Clifford Geertz, who saw religion as a cul-tural system. The aim of this paper is to reconsider these two concepts in the light of the notion of memory. The contribution by Maurice Halbwachs who indicated a close link between religion and memory has to be included and also more recent analysis by Jan and Aleida Assmann, particularly their em-phasis on cultural memory.
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Religijność poszukująca i fundamentalizm religijny: dwa wymiary religijności w badaniach empirycznych

63%
Besta T., Błażek M.
Roczniki Psychologiczne
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2012
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vol. 15
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issue 4
117-137
PL
Przeprowadzono trzy badania empiryczne (N = 64, 170, 166) mające na celu zbadanie związków pomiędzy fundamentalizmem religijnym, religijnością poszukującą, umiejscowieniem kontroli, aprobatą społeczną, cechą lęku i klarownością koncepcji siebie. Podobnie jak w poprzednich badaniach, fundamentalizm religijny negatywnie wiązał się z religijnością poszukującą. Zewnętrzne umiejscowienie kontroli okazało się istotnym predyktorem fundamentalizmu religijnego, natomiast nie było nim w odniesieniu do religijności poszukującej. Było też mediatorem relacji pomiędzy cechą lęku a fundamentalizmem religijnym. W badaniu 3 klarowność koncepcji siebie wiązała się z religijnością poszukuącą, nie była natomiast związana z fundamentalaizmem religijnym. W artykule omówione są konsekwencje tych wyników dla badań empirycznych nad religijnością.
EN
Three empirical studies were conducted (N = 64, 170, 166) to test the relationship between religious fundamentalism, quest religion, locus of control, social desirability, trait anxiety and self-concept clarity. As in previous studies, religious fundamentalism was found to be negatively related to quest religion. External locus of control was a significant predictor of religious fundamentalism, but not of quest religion, and mediated the relationship between trait anxiety and religious fundamentalism. In Study 3, self-concept clarity was found to be related to quest religion but not to religious fundamentalism. Consequences of these findings for empirical research on religiousness are discussed.
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La cultura del derecho europeo y el multiculturalismo. Desafíos para la democracia en el siglo XXI

51%
Breczko A., Breczko A.
IDEA. Studia nad strukturą i rozwojem pojęć filozoficznych
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2015
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vol. 27
395-412
EN
The article deals with the legal implications of multiculturalism, in the context of globalization and the “clash of civilizations”. From a European-democratic perspective, we analyze several practical dilemmas – the consequence of a “collision” between diverse normative systems: their respective standards, views of morality, religion, costumes, among others. Confronting many different and, sometimes, competing values – inevitable in pluralistic societies – represents a huge challenge for government authorities and, particularly, lawmakers. The idea of multiculturalism which, until now, has been an inherent element of European legal systems, nowadays faces a serious crisis. In this context, there is an urgent need to implement appropriate policies and laws able to protect diverse cultural groups and to ensure efficient instruments, in order to eliminate the unwanted effects of multiculturalism, such as extremism and terrorism.
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Fundamentalizm religijny zagrożeniem dla etosu społeczeństwa obywatelskiego w nauczaniu Benedykta XVI

51%
Szulist J.
Studia Gdańskie
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2017
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issue 41
263-274
PL
Artykuł prezentuje fundamentalizm jako zagrożenie dla społeczeństwa obywatelskiego w oparciu o nauczanie Benedykta XVI. Współcześnie wskazuje się na liczne tendencje do myślenia w kategoriach fundamentalizmu, obecne w sferze religii, kultury, polityki, a nawet gospodarki. Największy rozgłos zdobywa jednak fundamentalizm religijny, skutkujący często atakami terrorystycznymi islamistów. W nauczaniu Benedykta XVI pojawiają się liczne wskazówki, a nawet analizy zjawiska fundamentalizmu, który zagraża współczesnej koncepcji społeczeństwa obywatelskiego. Kościół stoi zawsze na pozycji ochrony osoby w zakresie godności osobowej oraz praw człowieka, gdyż takie stanowisko jest koniecznym warunkiem rozwoju, także w wymiarze globalnym. Równie kluczowe w tym kontekście jest stwierdzenie, iż religijność człowieka, ukierunkowana na Boga będącego miłością, z założenia wyklucza przemoc, stwarzając tym samym przestrzeń dla kształtowania prawdziwie ludzkich odniesień.
EN
The article, which is based on the teaching of Benedict XVI, presents fundamentalism as a threat to civil society. Nowadays there are numerous tendencies of thinking in the terms of fundamentalism which are present in the sphere of religion, culture, politics and even economy. However, the form of religious fundamentalism that frequently results in terrorist attacks by Islamists enjoys the greatest publicity. In the teaching of Benedict XVI, there are numerous indications and deeper analyses of the phenomenon of fundamentalism, which endangers the contemporary concept of civil society. The Church always protects a person when it comes to personal dignity and human rights, as this attitude is a necessary condition of development, also in the global dimension. In this context it is equally important to state that human religiosity is directed towards God who is love, and this assumption excludes violence, thus creating a space for shaping truly human relations.
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Poczucie samowystarczalności barierą kształtowania otwartej tożsamości religijnej w „czasie marnym”

51%
Różańska A.
Edukacja Międzykulturowa
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2022
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vol. 17
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issue 2
17-30
PL
Pedagogiczny namysł nad sposobami i kondycją kreowania otwartej tożsamości religijnej młodzieży autorka umieściła w perspektywie aktualnej sytuacji społecznej, raczej niesprzyjającej aktywnościom w obszarze religii, zwłaszcza noszącym znamiona otwartości na Inność. Sytuacja taka została nazwana przez filozofa i poetę, Friedricha Hölderlina „czasem marnym”. Dlatego autorka punktem wyjścia swojej refleksji uczyniła cytaty Friedricha Hölderlina i Rainera Rilkego stanowiące niezbędny filozoficzny kontekst refleksji. W poszukiwaniu pełniejszego oglądu i deskrypcji otwartej tożsamości religijnej oraz uwarunkowań procesu jej kształtowania autorka zwraca uwagę tylko na wybrane kwestie, jak fundamentalizm religijny, poczucie samowystarczalności w wymiarze religijnym, refleksyjność i parezja, które w istotny sposób, pozytywny bądź negatywny, warunkują omawiany proces.
EN
The pedagogical reflection on methods and condition of creating of an open religious identity of youth was presented by the author in the perspective of the current social situation, rather unfavourable towards activities in the field of religion especially bearing traits of the openness to the Otherness. Such a situation has been defined by the philosopher and poet Friedrich Hölderlin as the “destitute time”. Therefore, the author has made this quote of Friedrich Hölderlin and Rainer Rilke as necessary philosophical context of the reflection. In a search of the complete overview and description of the open religious identity and determinants of the process of its forming, the author focuses on the selected questions such as religious fundamentalism, sense of self-sufficiency in religious dimension, reflectivity and parrhesia which in in an essential way, positive or negative, determine the discussed process.
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