Search results - CEJSH

1

The Impact of Renewable Energy Production on Employment

100%

Gradziuk B., Gradziuk P.

Barometr Regionalny. Analizy i prognozy

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2017

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issue 3(49)

139-146

EN

The aim of the executed research is to determine the influence of harvesting renewable energy on the labour market. Eurostat Databases provided a source of empirical data concerning the amount of produced energy. The number of the employed and the performance of the installed equipment were determined thanks to reports drafted by EurObserv’ER or International Renewable Energy Agency. The following sectors were considered: solid biofuels, biogas, liquid biofuels, geothermal, hydropower, municipal waste, solar photovoltaic, solar thermal and wind power. The research concerned 28 member states of the EU between 2009 and 2015. Such a scope was established due to significant changes on the renewable energy market triggered by the Climate and Energy Package passed by the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union. The number of the working people (directly in the enterprises operating in the field of producing raw energy materials and energy from renewable sources, as well as providing equipment and services within this field) in relation to 1 000 tonnes of oil equivalent of the primary energy obtained in particular sectors of renewable energy sources was used as the performance indicator. Panel estimation was used as means of empirical indication of relations between the variables.

PL

Celem przeprowadzonych badań było określenie wpływu pozyskiwania energii ze źródeł odnawialnych na rynek pracy. Źródło danych empirycznych dotyczących wielkości produkcji energii stanowiły Bazy Danych Eurostatu. Natomiast liczbę zatrudnionych i moc zainstalowanych urządzeń ustalono na podstawie raportów wydawanych przez organizację EurObserv’ER lub Międzynarodową Agencję Energii Odnawialnej (IRENA). Uwzględniono następujące sektory: biomasa stała, biogaz, biomasa płynna, geotermia, energetyka wodna, odpady komunalne, fotowoltaika, energia solarna, energetyka wiatrowa. Zakres badań obejmował 28 państw UE w latach 2009–2015. Przyjęcie takiego okresu wynikało ze znaczących zmian na rynku energii ze źródeł odnawialnych, jakie nastąpiły po przyjęciu przez Parlament Europejski i Radę UE Pakietu klimatyczno-energetycznego. Miernikiem efektów zatrudnienia była liczba pracujących (bezpośrednio w podmiotach gospodarczych zajmujących się wytwarzaniem surowców energetycznych i energii z odnawialnych źródeł, jak też w sektorach dostarczających urządzenia i świadczących usługi z tego zakresu) w odniesieniu do 1 000 toe pozyskanej energii pierwotnej w poszczególnych sektorach OZE. W celu empirycznej identyfikacji zależności między zmiennymi stosowano estymację panelową.

2

The Potential of Straw for Energy Purposes in Poland

100%

Gradziuk P.

Barometr Regionalny. Analizy i prognozy

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2014

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issue 1(35)

15-22

EN

The paper presents the results of studies aimed at determining the potential of the use of straw for energy in Poland. The results of this analysis have been presented in a dynamic approach for the years 1975–2011, and in a territorial (by voivodship) approach for the years 1999–2011. These studies demonstrate that since 1983 straw harvests have exceeded the requirements of agricultural production. During the years 1983–1990, the average surplus over agricultural consumption amounted to 4 971 thousand tons, and recently, during the years 2007–2011, already 15 190 thousand tons. The quantity of these surpluses varies greatly by region, as it depends on the structure of land tillage, crop structure, farm size, as well as the type of livestock and the manner of husbandry. The greatest potential for using straw for energy-related purposes was noted in the following voivodships: Wielkopolskie, Lubelskie, Zachodniopomorskie, and Kujawsko-Pomorskie.

PL

W opracowaniu przedstawiono wyniki badań, mających na celu określenie potencjału słomy do energetycznego wykorzystania. Wyniki tej analizy przedstawiono w układzie dynamicznym w latach 1975–2011,oraz w układzie przestrzennym (wojewódzkim) w latach 1999–2011. Przeprowadzone badania wykazały, że od 1983 roku zbiory słomy zaczęły przewyższać zapotrzebowanie wynikające z produkcji rolniczej. W latach 1983–1990 średnioroczna nadwyżka ponad zużycie w rolnictwie wyniosła 4 971 tys. ton a w latach 2007–2011 już 15 190 tys. ton. Zwiększające się nadwyżki słomy są spowodowane spadkiem pogłowia zwierząt gospodarskich a tym samym i zmniejszającym się zapotrzebowaniem. Niekorzystnym zjawiskiem, choć charakterystycznym dla rolnictwa, były występujące fluktuacje w zbiorach słomy, co nie pozostawało bez wpływu na poziom jej nadwyżek. I tak w 2000 roku wyniosły tylko 6 637 tys. ton a w 2001, ponad dwukrotnie więcej bo aż 15 343 tys. ton. Wielkość tych nadwyżek jest bardzo zróżnicowana regionalnie, gdyż zależy od struktury użytkowania gruntów, struktury zasiewów, wielkości gospodarstw oraz obsady i sposobu chowu zwierząt gospodarskich.

3

Tendency and prospects assessment for the development of “green energy” in the conditions of sustainable development

100%

Pochtovyuk A., Pryakhina K., Bilyk M.

Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu

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2018

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issue 502

104-112

EN

The article formulates the scientific research: consideration of the prospects for development of the renewable energy in the world and in the European Union; the analysis and the condition of the energy strategy of Ukraine and the two projects of a new document – Energy Strategy of Ukraine till 2035; and the exploration of the strategy development prospects of “green energy” in Ukraine. The aim of the research is to evaluate the prospects of the development of “green energy” in Ukraine by means of analysis and synthesis of the power strategies of the countries of the world, Europe, as well as Ukraine. Ukraine has committed itself to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, having signed Paris agreement on climate change on April 22, 2016. It has a direct impact on the development of energy sector and affects the strategy to expand the use of renewable energy.

4

The Policy of Renewable Energy Sources in the Function of the Environmental Protection in the Eu / Politika Korišćenja Obnovljivih Izvora Energije u Funkciji Zaštite Životne Sredine u EU

80%

Đorđević D. Ž., Veselinović M.

Economic Themes

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2015

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vol. 53

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issue 3

344-353

EN

The policy of renewable energy sources has gained more importance over recent years. The European Union is facing serious challenges regarding greenhouse gas emissions and energy sustainability, followed by the supply security, import dependence and competitiveness as well as the effective implementation of the internal energy market. The energy policy of the European Union is the most effective response to the new situation the member states of the European Union are facing. The EU energy policy aims to cause a new industrial revolution and the growth of the economic energy efficiency with low emissions of carbon dioxide. In order to achieve this, targets have been set for the future. Among them is the increase in the share of production and consumption of renewable energy in the total energy balance.

5

Theoretical fundamentals of international scientific and technical cooperation in the field of alternative energy

80%

Volkova K., Korohodova O.

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Częstochowskiej. Zarządzanie

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2022

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issue 45

73-83

EN

The energy sector is an extremely important element in the functioning of the industry and economic development of any country. The sphere of energy in modern processes is characterized by a focus on renewable energy sources (RES) and their replacement of traditional fuel and energy resources. However, reorienting the country's energy activities to a decarbonised model is not an easy task; that is why it is advisable to make such changes with the help of international scientific and technical cooperation (ISTC) with experienced players. The aim of the study is to theoretically substantiate the specifics of international scientific and technical cooperation in energy with a focus on RES. The research was carried out using the methods of analysis and synthesis, schematic, tabular, descriptive, deduction and induction methods as well as scientific abstraction. The results of the study showed that ISTC in the field of RES needs fundamental government changes and comprehensive preliminary training. With the assistance of all the participants, phased changes will demonstrate the positive dynamics of indicators that illustrate the real impact of ISTC on alternative energy.

6

Развитие Возобновляемых Источников Энергии В Международной Экономике

80%

Khlobystov I., Sеgеdа I., Tsetsiarynets T., Chyzh D.

MIND Journal

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2017

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issue 4

1-13

EN

The rapid development of renewable energy sources in the EU over the past decade is associated with a number of aspects, among which are economic: the development of new technologies and the reduction of dependence on energy imports; the positive economic effect of using renewable energy sources, caused by the improvement of the environment.Increase in competitiveness of economy, ensuring energy security and power independence due to increase in energy efficiency and increase in use of own TER, including RES, is the priority direction of development of the countries.There are determined economic problems in the way of development and use of renewable energy sources in the world, including the EU. The most significant among them are high initial investments in their development and implementation, as well as the difficulty in determining the additional financial-economic effect from the use of renewable energy (for example, the effect of saving traditional energy resources in the bowels, real economic investment to social-economic development, etc.).The analysis is carried out and an assessment of influence of digital transformation on world power is given. Also negative sides of this process are studied positive.The authors prove that it is necessary to implement, based on government support, administrative and economic stimulation: 1) tax mechanisms (tax holidays, reduction of taxation for alternative energy facilities at the level of their design and initial periods of exploitation, at the level of permission to embed local tariffs for such objects of generating energy, etc.), 2) mechanisms of indirect stimulation (through the provision of preferences for the allocation of land plots to build such objects, through the simplification of administration procedures of project construction and operational cycles, through the creation of a positive companies image which implement projects on renewable energy).

7

Liberalizacja zasad budowania farm wiatrowych

80%

Sobieraj K.

Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS

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2023

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issue 1(77)

206-218

EN

In the author’s opinion, the relaxation of the rules on the construction of wind farms should lead to an increase in investment in this area. However, the author recognises the risk of protests from local communities concerned about the potential health, environmental and landscape effects of the construction of wind farms.

8

An Attempt to Evaluate Absorption of the Funds from the Operational Program Infrastructure and Environment within Action “Generation of Energy from Renewable Sources”

80%

Gradziuk P., Gradziuk B.

Barometr Regionalny. Analizy i prognozy

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2017

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issue 1(47)

7-16

EN

The aim of the study was the evaluation of the absorption of funds from the Cohesion Fund within the Operational Program Infrastructure and Environment for 2007–2013, Priority IX: Environmentally-friendly power infrastructure and power effectiveness, Action 9.4 – Generation of energy from renewable sources. The source material constituted data acquired from the Department of European Funds of the Ministry of Energy (institution implementing the action). The methods of comparative analysis were used for the purpose of the evaluation. The final result of the analyzed action was the performance of 64 facilities in 71 locations for total value of PLN 5749 million, with co-funding of PLN 1520 million. Circa 82% of this amount was allocated to 55 investments in “wind power” and the remaining part to 12 biogas plants (9,3%) and 4 power plants powered with solid biomass (8,7%). As a result of the performance of the studied action, the power of the sources generating electric energy increased by 823 MWe, including wind power — by 704 MWe, in plants powered with solid biomass — by 102 MWe, in biogas plants — by 17 MWe. Whereas, in terms of quantity of electric energy projected to be generated within one year, the proportions were slightly different and were as follows: in wind power — 1790, in biomass power plants 650 GWh, in biogas power plants 144 GWh. Among the studied projects, biomass power plants were characteristic of the most favorable values of investment contributions for 1 MWh of planned production of electric energy. Their average value was much lower than in the case of a biogas plant (by 178%) and wind power plants (220%).

PL

Celem badań była ocena absorpcji środków Funduszu Spójności w ramach Programu Operacyjnego Infrastruktura i Środowisko na lata 2007–2013, Priorytet IX: Infrastruktura energetyczna przyjazna środowisku i efektywność energetyczna, Działanie 9.4 – Wytwarzanie energii ze źródeł odnawialnych. Materiał źródłowy stanowiły dane uzyskane w Departamencie Funduszy Europejskich Ministerstwa Energii (instytucji wdrażającej działanie). Do oceny wykorzystano metody analizy porównawczej. Stwierdzono, że ostatecznym efektem analizowanego działania była realizacja 64 projektów w 71 lokalizacjach, o łącznej wartości 5749 mln zł, przy dofinansowaniu 1520 mln zł. Około 82% tej kwoty rozdysponowano na 55 inwestycji w „energetykę wiatrową”, a pozostałą część na 12 biogazowni (9,3%) i 4 elektrownie zasilane biomasą stałą (8,7%). W wyniku realizacji badanego działania moc źródeł wytwarzających energię elektryczną zwiększyła się o 823 MWe, w tym w energetyce wiatrowej — o 704 MWe, w elektrowniach na biomasę stałą — o 102 MWe, w biogazowniach — o 17 MWe. Natomiast pod względem ilości energii elektrycznej planowanej do wytworzenia w ciągu roku proporcje były nieco inne i przedstawiały się następująco: w energetyce wiatrowej — 1790 GWh, w elektrowniach biomasowych 650 GWh, w biogazowniach 144 GWh. Spośród badanych projektów najkorzystniejszymi wartościami nakładów inwestycyjnych na 1 MWh planowanej produkcji energii elektrycznej cechowały się elektrownie biomasowe. Ich średnia wartość była znacznie niższa niż dla biogazowni (o 178%) i elektrowni wiatrowych (220%).

9

Prosumer Energy — a Benefit or Loss for Beneficiaries in the Light of the Act on Renewable Sources of Energy

80%

Szul T.

Barometr Regionalny. Analizy i prognozy

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2015

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issue 2(40)

101-106

EN

For selected photovoltaic installations generating 3 and 10 kW power, operating in the on-grid system, the amount of electric power that can be generated has been calculated. Next, business analysis has been conducted based on static and dynamic methods, such as: SPBT, PBP, NPV, IRR and CCE. Calculations were made for three options: i.e. the system investment costs are born in their entirety by the investor, or the installation is purchased in the framework of the ‚Prosument’ programme run by the National Fund for Environment Protection and Water Management. As a result of the calculations made it has been found that despite support instruments and attractive purchase prices of the energy generated, the electric power generation is not profitable with the current level of investment expenditure for the construction of such an installation if we take into considerations the running and depreciation costs. Taking advantage of the 40% investment co-financing in the 10kW ‚Prosumer’ programme will enable only to minimise losses.

PL

Dla przykładowych instalacji fotowoltaicznych o mocach 3 kW i 10 kW pracujących w systemie on-gird obliczono ilość możliwej do uzyskania energii elektrycznej. Następnie przeprowadzono analizę ekonomiczną w oparciu o metody statyczne i dynamiczne takie jak: SPBT, PBP, NPV, IRR oraz CCE. Obliczenia wykonano dla trzech wariantów, tj.: koszty inwestycyjne systemu ponoszone są w całości przez inwestora, lub instalacja jest zakupiona w ramach programu NFOŚiGW „Prosument”, przy czym wartość umorzenia wynosi 30% lub 40% kosztów inwestycji. W wyniku przeprowadzonych obliczeń stwierdzono, że mimo instrumentów wsparcia oraz atrakcyjnych cen zakupu wytworzonej energii, przy obecnym poziomie nakładów inwestycyjnych na budowę tego typu instalacji, produkcja energii elektrycznej, po uwzględnieniu kosztów eksploatacyjnych i amortyzacji jest nieopłacalna. Skorzystanie z dofinansowania 40% inwestycji o mocy 10 kW w programie „Prosument” pozwoli jedynie na minimalizację strat.

10

Foreign Trade of Biomass for Energy Purposes in Poland in the Years 2008–2014

80%

Gradziuk B., Gradziuk P.

Barometr Regionalny. Analizy i prognozy

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2015

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issue 3(41)

153-159

EN

The obligation of renewable energy production and the opportunities for additional large revenue from green certificates has led to an increased interest in biomass derived from imports. During the period under study, imports of biomass to Poland increased nearly eight times: from 423 thousand tons to 3 591 thousand tons. Agro biomass imports showed higher dynamics (1160%), including in particular sunflower husks and sunflower and palm oil cake. During the same period, imports of forest biomass increased by 478%, of mainly firewood and wood chips. By 2007, the vast majority of imported biomass had come from the current European Union countries (nearly 50%, the highest amounts from Lithuania, Latvia, Slovakia and Germany), and the structure of imports was divided roughly evenly into agro and forestry sourced biomass. The introduction of mandatory restrictions on the use of forest biomass resulted in a significant increase in non-forest biomass share in the total imports of biomass, which have also significantly increased from year to year. In the last three years, agro biomass imports from the EU and Ukraine have accounted for almost 65% of total imports of biomass for energy purposes. A dramatic increase has also been observed in the imports of exotic biomass, although in relatively small absolute values: from 0 in 2009 to about 65 thousand tonnes in 2010 and 2011, and to more than 600 thousand tonnes in 2014.

PL

Obowiązek produkcji energii odnawialnej i możliwość dodatkowego dużego przychodu z tytułu zielonych certyfikatów spowodowały wzrost zainteresowania biomasą pochodzącą z importu. W badanym okresie import biomasy do Polski zwiększył się blisko ośmiokrotnie: z 423 tys. ton do 3 591 tys. ton. Wyższą dynamiką charakteryzował się import biomasy agro (1160%), w tym przede wszystkim łuski słonecznikowej oraz makuchów słonecznikowych i palmowych. Do 2007 r. zdecydowana większość importowanej biomasy pochodziła z krajów obecnej Unii Europejskiej (prawie 60%, najwięcej z Litwy, Łotwy, Słowacji i Niemiec) i dzieliła się mniej więcej po połowie na biomasę agro i leśną. Wprowadzenie ograniczeń wymuszających wykorzystanie biomasy nieleśnej spowodowało znaczny wzrost udziału biomasy agro w całkowitym imporcie biomasy, który również znacząco rośnie z roku na rok. W ostatnich trzech latach import biomasy agro z krajów UE i Ukrainy stanowi prawie 66% całego importu biomasy na cele energetyczne. Skokowy jest również przyrost importu biomasy egzotycznej, choć w stosunkowo niewielkich wielkościach bezwzględnych: od 0 w 2009 przez ok. 65 tys. ton w 2010 i 2011 do ponad 600 tys. ton w 2014 r.

11

Economic and Ecological Efficiency of Solar Systems. A Case Study at the Gorzków and Rudnik Communes

80%

Gradziuk P., Gradziuk B.

Barometr Regionalny. Analizy i prognozy

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2016

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issue 3(45)

189-195

EN

The objective of the study was to assess the economic and ecological efficiency of solar systems used to prepare domestic hot water. The study was carried out at 501 sites in the communes of Gorzków and Rudnik (Krasnystaw County, Lubelskie Voivodship), mainly households, in the years 2014–2015. The results indicate that solar collectors used to prepare domestic hot water and financed by the investors’ own resources can be economically efficient, but the payback period for the investment depends on the type and quantity of energy carrier saved. The most beneficial effects were obtained at sites where water was heated using equipment powered by electricity and natural gas. In the case of coal savings, the payback period was longer than the lifespan of the solar installations. The use of solar collectors to heat domestic hot water (DHW) in the Gorzków and Rudnik communes led to a reduction in emissions of CO2, the primary greenhouse gas, as well as other substances. The study shows that the most beneficial cost-effectiveness of CO2 emission reduction was obtained by reducing the use of electricity, while the highest cost-effectiveness indicator was noted for gas installations.

PL

Celem badań jest ocena ekonomicznej i ekologicznej efektywności systemów solarnych służących do przygotowania ciepłej wody użytkowej. Przeprowadzone je w 501 obiektach na obszarze gmin Gorzków i Rudnik (pow. krasnostawski, woj. lubelskie), głównie gospodarstwach domowych w latach 2014–2015. Z przeprowadzonych badań wynika, że kolektory słoneczne wykorzystywane do przygotowania ciepłej wody użytkowej a zrealizowane ze środków własnych mogą być efektywne ekonomicznie, ale okres zwrotu nakładów uzależniony jest od rodzaju i ilości oszczędzanego nośnika energii. Najkorzystniejsze efekty uzyskiwano w obiektach, w których do podgrzewania wody używano urządzeń zasilanych energią elektryczną i gazem ziemnym. W przypadku oszczędności węgla, okres zwrotu nakładów był dłuższy od żywotności instalacji solarnych. Zastosowanie kolektorów słonecznych do podgrzewania c.w.u. w gminach Gorzków i Rudnik przyczyniło się między innymi do redukcji emisji CO2, podstawowego gazu cieplarnianego oraz i innych substancji. Z przeprowadzonych badań wynika, że najkorzystniejszą efektywność kosztową redukcji emisji CO2 uzyskiwano przez zmniejszenie zużycia energii elektrycznej, zaś najwyższym wskaźnikiem charakteryzowały się instalacje gazowe.

12

SUPPORT FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY IN GERMANY AS AN EXAMPLE OF EFFECTIVE PUBLIC POLICY

80%

Baran B.

Oeconomia Copernicana

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2015

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vol. 6

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issue 2

143-158

EN

This article aims to analyze the process of energy transformation in Germany and renewable energy state support as an example of a strategic and effective policy. Energy transition in Germany, which leads to replacement of conventional energy with renewable sources and increase of energy efficiency is a long-term project requiring a strong state intervention. This project is supported with European Union green energy policy giving favorable legal and institutional framework for green technologies development. The process of energy transformation in Germany started more than two decades ago and nowadays this economy benefits from growing number of new jobs and export of high-tech products. The article analyzes the concept of "green growth" in the EU, which is both determinant and the effect of energy transformation in Germany. It discusses support mechanisms and instruments for German green energy sector, transformation goals in that area, financing sources and the most important economic effects.

13

A study of the labour market of renewable sources of energy in Poland

80%

Graczyk A. M.

Ekonomia XXI Wieku

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2014

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issue 4(4)

116-125

EN

The main purpose of the article is to analyse the renewable energy sources labour market in the country based on the example of survey studies conducted in Lower Silesia in 2010 commissioned by the Marshal’s Office. The author took part in the discussed project as a member of the research team and is the co-author of the final publication. The study was conducted as part of a project by the Department of Economic Development of the Marshal’s Office of the Lower Silesian Voivodeship in 2010 entitled “Prognoses and analyses of the potential of the Lower Silesia to use renewable energy sources”. The article has analysed the following: employment in the RES sector, revenues and savings due to RES, and human resources. The author has also identified the pro-employment effects in the RES sector on the domestic and EU markets; she has also made prognoses for the demand for work in the RES sector. Study results show that the increase of employment in the sector resulting from the increase in production and installed power shall be related to biomass, solar power, and wind power technologies. From the data pertaining to employment in Lower Silesia one may conclude that the RES sector employs mostly specialists, managers, and physical labourers. Unmet demand for physical workers in the forestry and agricultural sectors is visible.

14

New spatial conditions of regional development

80%

Opania S.

MAZOWSZE Studia Regionalne

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2017

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issue 22

29-46

EN

The article deals with the use of spatial planning tools serving to improve the quality of space in post-industrial areas along with the possibilities of using modern technologies in the field of renew able energy sources. The analysis was carried out on the example of the Upper Silesian metropolis which occupies about 8% of the region’s area with its distinct industrial and post-industrial areas. The urban area determines the image of a region associated with pollutants and a degraded environment. This is a challenge for planners. Special conditions for the acquisition and use of renewable energy sources are available in the direct vicinity of the central part of the region, in the former Upper Silesian Metropolitan Union (since April 2017 – the Upper Silesia- Zagłębie Metropolis). This is the basis for the implementation of the idea of sustainable development along with the development of modern technologies, but above all it is the basis for the restructuring and restoration of Silesian space. In addition, the development of renewable energy sources can help crystallize the area’s spatial structure, counteract suburbanisation and help protect valuable agricultural and natural areas. Consequently, prospective spatial planning aimed at improving the quality of brownfield space, along with modern technologies and external funds, may guarantee that the region’s potential will be fully exploited and its future development - continuous and dynamic, leading to a change of the area’s negative image. The case study concerns the Upper Silesian agglomeration. However, the adopted directions of development, including the prevention of suburbanisation and the use of agricultural production for renewable energy sources, are universal enough to be used in any other case

PL

Artykuł dotyczy możliwości wykorzystania narzędzi z dziedziny planowania przestrzennego, nakierowanych na poprawę jakości przestrzeni terenów poprzemysłowych wraz z możliwościami wykorzystania nowoczesnych technologii z zakresu odnawialnych źródeł energii. Analiza przeprowadzona była na przykładzie metropolii górnośląskiej, która charakteryzuje się wyraźnie wyodrębnionymi z przestrzeni województwa terenami przemysłowymi i poprzemysłowymi. Choć zajmują one jedynie ok. 8% powierzchni województwa, to stanowią o wizerunku regionu kojarzonego z zanieczyszczeniem i zdegradowanym środowiskiem. Stanowi to wyzwanie dla planistów i urbanistów. Bezpośrednie otoczenie centralnej części województwa, tzw. GZM, dawniej Górnośląskiego Związku Metropolitalnego, a od kwietnia 2017 Górnośląsko-Zagłębiowskiej Metropolii, tworzy szczególne warunki do pozyskiwania i stosowania odnawialnych źródeł energii. Jest to podstawą do realizacji idei zrównoważonego rozwoju wraz z rozwojem nowoczesnych technologii, ale przede wszystkim restrukturyzacji i odnowy śląskiej przestrzeni. Ponadto rozwój odnawialnych źródeł energii wpłynąć może na krystalizację struktury przestrzennej i przeciwdziałanie suburbanizacji oraz ochronę terenów rolniczych i przyrodniczo cennych. W konsekwencji perspektywiczne planowanie przestrzenne, skierowane na poprawę jakości przestrzeni terenów poprzemysłowych wraz z możliwościami wykorzystania nowoczesnych technologii oraz funduszy zewnętrznych, może dać gwarancję właściwego wykorzystania potencjału regionu wraz z jego ciągłym, dynamicznym rozwojem w przyszłości oraz wpłynąć na zmianę jego negatywnego wizerunku. Studium przypadku dotyczy aglomeracji górnośląskiej. Jednak przyjęte kierunki rozwoju, w tym m.in. zapobieganie suburbanizacji oraz wykorzystanie produkcji rolnej do pozyskiwania odnawialnych źródeł energii są na tyle uniwersalne, iż mogą być wykorzystane w każdym innym przypadku.

15

MOŻLIWOŚCI ROZWOJU MAGAZYNÓW ENERGII W POLSCE W PERSPEKTYWIE DŁUGOTERMINOWEJ

80%

Augustyn A., Mirowski T.

Polityka i Społeczeństwo

|

2018

|

issue 1(16)

89-102 (11)

EN

The EU climate policy assumes an increase of the renewable energy share in total energy generation to 27% by 2030 year. This step is a response to the climate change, based on the fact that the operation of renewable energy power plants is emission-free. However, it is important to note that electricity generation from r enewable sources, mainly wind and photovoltaic, is highly dependent on atmospheric conditions, and is thus unreliable. As a consequence, the development of stable energy sources is required in order to guarantee energy security. Promising solutions include energy storage technologies. The power-to-gas systems may be deployed as adjuncts to wind parks or photovoltaic generation. The energy generated at the time of maximum sunshine or wind is accumulated and used at the moment of high electricity demand. The purpose of this article is to propose a location for the development of the Power-to-gas technology in Poland aiming to store energy derived from renewable energy sources.

16

Etyczne aspekty budowy siłowni wiatrowych

80%

Hamerla E.

|

vol. 21

|

issue 3

77-86

EN

The ethicality of building wind farms, especially near homes, has long been questioned. There are people who consider building turbines near households unethical due to their negative impact on the environment. The noise and vibrations associated with the operation of wind turbines are seen so negatively that one should consider whether it is socially irresponsible to put wind farms near buildings. The article presents both a description of the basic types of wind turbines as well as their impact on the natural environment and human environment. Information on the development of electricity obtained from wind as well as the total share of electricity obtained from renewable sources in total primary energy in Poland was also presented. The need to educate the public about the responsibility of actions for the benefit of the environment and sustainable development is also indicated. The aim of the article is to try to answer the question: do wind power plants bring more benefits to people and the environment around them, or just the opposite? And also, is it ethical to build turbines in close proximity to households?

PL

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17

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF WIND POWER STATIONS IN THE REPORT OF THE POLISH SUPREME AUDIT OFFICE AND IN COMPARISON WITH GERMAN STANDARDS

70%

Iluk Ł.

Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Finansów i Prawa w Bielsku-Białej

|

2016

|

issue 1

89-107

EN

This paper elaborates on the problems of operation of wind power stations in Poland, their environmental impact and the evaluation of current wind power stations legal status concerning protection against emissions. In the final section of the paper the author formulates conclusions regarding the need to adjust the existing Polish regulations.

18

Participation ofCalamagrostis epigejos(L.) Roth in plant communities of the River Bytomka valley in terms of its biomass use in the power industry

70%

Sierka E., Kopczyńska S.

Environmental & Socio-economic Studies

|

2014

|

vol. 2

|

issue 2

38-44

EN

This paper presents an attempt to assess the potential use of Calamagrostis epigejos (L.) Roth. as a renewable energy source. Abandonment of human management is often followed by a decrease in species richness in semi-natural grasslands, mainly due to the increased dominance of clonal grasses such as Calamagrostis epigejos which were formerly repressed by management. The biomass resource of this, and its accompanying, species, i.e. species of the Solidago genus and others e.g. Cirsium rivulare, Deschampsia caespitosa, Molinia coerulea and Filipendula ulmaria, was evaluated in the green wastelands of the River Bytomka valley (Upper Silesia, Poland). It was found that approx. 1.2 t·ha−1 of dry matter can be obtained from approx. 30% of the average share of Calamagrostis epigejos in plant communities of unmown meadows. This is 10 times less than in the case of Miscanthus giganteus, a non-native cultivated grass. An increase in the biomass component of Calamagrostis epigejos reduced that of Solidago sp. (−0.522176, p< 0.05) and other species (−0.465806, p< 0.05). The calorific value of Calamagrostis epigejos biomass is approx. 15.91 MJ·kg−1, which is comparable to the calorific value of coal and close to, inter alia, that of Miscanthus sacchariflorus (19 MJ·kg−1) as an energy crop. The presented research is in its preliminary stages and therefore, it is necessary to investigate the reaction of Calamagrostis epigejos to regular mowing and to removal of the biomass from the studied areas.

19

Controversies Concerning the Interpretation of State Resources as a Prerequisite of State Aid: an Illustration Using the Example of Polish Green Certificates and the Auction System

70%

Bałdowski M.

Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review

|

2017

|

vol. 7

269-282

EN

The process of Europeanisation in the legal field results in various conflicts between the Member States and European authorities. Cases concerning State aid are an example of such a conflict, where on one hand Member States want to preserve control over various supporting schemes and on the other the European Commission and the Court of Justice of the European Union through a set of judgements and decisions increase their supervisory power over the supporting schemes. The European jurisprudence tend to stretch the scope of State aid by expanding the definition of State resources, which is one of its prerequisites. Applying of such a broad definition of State resources to Polish green certificates scheme and the auction scheme shows negative results of this approach that not only decreases the efficiency of the Renewable Energy Sources supporting schemes but that has a negative reflection on the whole State aid system.

20

Renewable energy sources in the Polish energy structure

70%

Manowska A., Manowska A.

Zeszyty Naukowe Instytutu Gospodarki Surowcami Mineralnymi Polskiej Akademii Nauk

|

2019

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