Search results

1

Efficiency of Using Research and Development Expenditures at Voivodship Level

100%

Kucharski A.

Przedsiębiorczość i Zarządzanie

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2015

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vol. 16

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issue 1

97-112

EN

One of the most important criteria dividing countries on developed and developing is technological level of the economy which is a derivative of R&D. We showed in the article, that only a rather small group of voivodships was characterized by a full efficiency of converting the expenditure into effects. Low values of efficiency indices pay attention for all ineffective provinces. It won’t be possible to say about none of them, that it found near the efficiency border which accompanied by large differences between decision making units. The non-radial DEA model showed that both the internal expenditures (in converting into the thousand residents) and the personnel employed in the R+D work are not used efficiently and what’s more in the considerable degree wherein a first of said inputs research units managed by a little more effectively.

2

Research and Development and Tax Incentives

100%

Hodžić S.

South East European Journal of Economics and Business

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2012

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vol. 7

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issue 2

51-62

EN

In many countries, tax incentives are a popular means to achieve political, economic and social objectives. Their aim is to reach and accelerate certain activities of public interest. Furthermore, one of the objectives is to accelerate the development of a certain industry and influence the growth of research and investment in foreign capital. Innovation is the key element that helps a company achieve competitive advantage. Global competition is forced to offer unique products with added values on the market. Tax incentives for research and development are an important factor of innovation. This paper aims to present the importance of research and development, as well as the role of tax incentives. States should use their fiscal policy to stimulate investment in research and development through various forms of tax relief. The Republic of Croatia applies tax incentives for research and development, but to a significantly less extent than other European Union countries.

3

The third mission of Polish universities: Theory and practice

100%

Buczek J., Modrzynski P.

Perspectives of Innovations, Economics and Business

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2015

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vol. 15

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issue 4

137-147

EN

Polish universities have three missions to fulfill: education, research activities, and building relationships with the environment. This paper addresses issues related to the implementation of the last two, with emphasis on the collaboration between universities and the environment. The scientific research market is comprised of universities (supply), business enterprises (demand) and the regulatory sector. Hence, the presented study first contains a brief description of the parties active in the research market, complemented by a practical look at the commercialization of research results. The authors conducted interviews with university faculty, who are professionally engaged in the commercialization of research. Internal procedures were analyzed, as well as strategies and regulations in force in this area. As a result of these interviews and analyses a catalog was generated of methods and strategies of commercialization of research and barriers that inhibit this process. The main conclusion of analyses is that Polish science and development policy is tasked with stimulation of activity of all the respective interest groups in the scientific research market, i.e. private entities in the financing of the R&D sector and the motivation of universities as well. Further improvements in legislative, educational, financial and fiscal solutions remain key challenges in Poland.

4

Is the European goal for defence research and technology expenditure attainable for small countries?

100%

Lehtonen J.-M.

Security and Defence Quarterly

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2016

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vol. 13

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issue 4

32-49

EN

EU Defence Ministers have adopted a joint Strategy on Defence Research & Technology (R&T) that includes a 2 % goal for defence R&T expenditure. Th is paper discusses the feasibility of such a goal for a small country, including the motivations for undertaking defence R&T work in small countries, and asks are they diff erent from the large countries? New and improved weapons systems that create a technological advantage in the battlefi eld are grounded on research in technology. However, as capability models demonstrate, there are also other aspects of military capability than the materiel which can therefore be a topic for research. Th rough reviewing a selection of strategy documents from large and small European countries, the fact that only large countries have fi nancial possibilities for major weapons system development and production is highlighted, while in small countries, this link from R&T through development to production and operation is broken. Both defence research and defence industrial base fi gures support this view. Small countries may still have a number of other reasons to engage in R&T in either technology or other areas, but these appear not to be able to suffi ciently motivate R&T expenditure even close to the 2% level.

5

R&D ACTIVITY AND CORE BUSINESS EFFICIENCY ON THE EXAMPLE OF TECHNOLOGY COMPANIES

100%

Nawrocki T. L.

Oeconomia Copernicana

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2015

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vol. 6

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issue 4

59-72

EN

Taking as a basis for discussion the Schumpeter’s innovation theory, this paper analyses the relationship between enterprises activity in the field of research and development, and their efficiency at the core business level. This analysis was performed in two ways – with the assumption shift in time between research and development activities and companies business efficiency, and without it – using the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. The sample was accounted for 252 companies from the technology sector, whose shares are traded on NYSE or NASDAQ, and the analysis time period consisted of three years (2011–2013). The results obtained in the course of analysis generally indicate lack of strong relationship between distinguished categories. A noticeable, but only at moderate level, positive correlation was found in both considered approaches only in respect of the relationship between the intensity of expenditures on research and development or y/y change of these expenditures and gross margin on sales. Therefore, it seems to be relevant to extend this research at least in such directions as: identification and characterization of factors determining efficiency of companies research and development activities, as well as examination considered relationship taking into account business diversity within the sector and wider time shift between realized research and development activities and various measures of core business efficiency.

6

Wpływ przychodzących BIZ na wydatki działających w Polsce przedsiębiorstw na B+R w latach 2010–2016

100%

Pyka M., Wojciechowski P.

Zeszyty Naukowe Małopolskiej Wyższej Szkoły Ekonomicznej w Tarnowie

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2019

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issue 1(41)

25-39

PL

W ciągu ostatnich dekad przychodzące bezpośrednie inwestycje zagraniczne (BIZ) stały się istotnym elementem polskiej gospodarki. Ich wpływ na działające w Polsce przedsiębiorstwa został przeanalizowany pod wieloma względami, jednak stosunkowo niewiele uwagi poświęcono związkowi pomiędzy BIZ a wydatkami na badania i rozwój (B+R). Badania dokonywane w przeszłości nad tym zjawiskiem w krajach rozwijających się pokazały, że przedsiębiorstwa będące celem BIZ są bardziej konkurencyjne od innych działających na danym rynku i doprowadzić mogą do ich upadku i zmniejszenia się całkowitego wolumenu B+R w gospodarce. Istnieją badania, które wskazują na prawdziwość tej zależności w Polsce po transformacji rynkowej, aczkolwiek wydaje się interesujące zbadanie, czy zjawisko to ma dalej miejsce na trzydzieści lat po wprowadzeniu wolnego rynku. Celem artykułu jest odpowiedź na pytanie, czy w latach 2010–2016 wśród działających w Polsce przedsiębiorstw istniał pozytywny czy negatywny związek pomiędzy przychodzącymi BIZ a wydatkami na B+R. Po przeanalizowaniu danych statystycznych dostępnych m.in. w NBP, GUS i Banku Danych Lokalnych oraz stworzeniu modelu ekonometrycznego autorzy dowodzą, że wraz ze wzrostem przychodzących BIZ wzrasta również całkowity wolumen wydatków na B+R. Powodem odwrócenia się wcześniej opisanej zależności może być zmiana poziomu konkurencyjności polskich przedsiębiorstw oraz ich zdolności do absorpcji innowacji, jakie dokonały się w czasie od poprzedniego przeprowadzenia tego rodzaju badania.

EN

Over the past decades, incoming foreign direct investment (FDI) has become an important element of the Polish economy. Their impact on companies operating in Poland has been analyzed in many respects, but relatively little attention has been paid to the relationship between FDI and expenditure on research and development (R&D). Research carried out in the past on this phenomenon in developing countries has shown that enterprises being the target of FDI are more competitive than others operating on a given market and may lead to their collapse and a reduction in the total volume of R&D in a given economy. There are studies that point to the truth of this dependence in Poland in the period after the market transformation, although it would be interesting to investigate whether this phenomenon is still taking place thirty years after the introduction of the free market. The aim of the article is to answer the question whether in the years 2010–2016 among the enterprises operating in Poland there was a positive or negative relationship between incoming FDI and expenditure on R&D. After analyzing the statistical data available, among others at the NBP, the Central Statistical Office and the Local Data Bank, as well as the creation of an econometric model, the authors prove that with the increase of incoming FDI the total volume of R&D expenditure also increases. The reason for the reversal of the previously described dependence may be the change in the level of competitiveness of Polish enterprises and their ability to absorb innovations that have occurred since the previous such type of research.

7

The Role of Scientific Advice in Innovation Policy Making

100%

Weresa M. A.

Ekonomista

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2017

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issue 5

569-581

PL

Celem artykułu jest wskazanie czynników, które należy uwzględniać przy wyjaśnianiu roli doradztwa naukowego w kształtowaniu polityki innowacyjnej. Artykuł pokazuje, że kształtowanie efektywnej polityki w dziedzinie badań naukowych i innowacji wymaga istnienia sprawnego i wydajnego systemu doradztwa naukowego oraz właściwego wykorzystania tego systemu przez polityków. Wpływ opartej na naukowych podstawach polityki innowacyjnej na innowacyjność gospodarki zależy od: a) zakresu i jakości badań naukowych, b) właściwego i racjonalnego wykorzystania osiągnięć nauki, c) organizacyjnych aspektów systemu doradztwa naukowego.

EN

The aim of this paper was to identify factors that should be taken into account in order to explain the role of scientific advice in innovation policy making. This paper shows that effective policy development in the area of research and innovation requires a high-quality and effective system of scientific policy advice as well as appropriate use of advice by policy makers. The impact of science-based policies on countries’ innovation performance depends on (a) content of scientific input (quality of evidence and its relevance); (b) the appropriate use of scientific evidence and rationality of its application, and (c) the organizational aspects of the policy advice process.

RU

В статье указываются факторы, которые следует учесть в анализе роли научного консультирования в формировании политики в области инноваций. Автор утверждает, что формирование эффективной политики в области научных исследований и инноваций требует наличия эффективной системы научного консультирования, а также надлежащего использования этой системы политиками. Влияние опирающейся на научные основы политики в области инноваций и инновационный характер экономики зависит от: а) диапазона и качества научных исследований, б) надлежащего и рационального использования достижений науки, в) организационных аспектов системы научного консультирования.

8

The new system of financing science Horizon 2020 as a development opportunity for European and Polish science

100%

Geryk M.

Społeczeństwo i Ekonomia

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2016

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issue 1(5)

108-117

EN

The author examines how the strategic objectives of Horizon 2020 are an opportunity for Polish science. The program allocates significant resources to specific tasks such as the implementation of innovation and social challenges. Despite relatively low public expenditure on education, Poland is placed in the European Union average. However, in the case of competitions Horizon 2020 bonus criteria are different from the current Polish finance division algorithm. Emphasis was placed on the relationship between science and the labor market, which in Poland is not significant. These funds will mean a true test of the potential of Polish scientific institutions. In this article the author has analyzed the various opinions of scientific environment in terms of opportunities and threats.

9

SMEs’s potentials of Research and Development and the European Union Prospective. A Literature Review

100%

Isaraj L.

Academicus. International Scientific Journal

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2021

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vol. 12

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issue 24

184-198

EN

SME-s role in the economic development and economic structure is changing drastically, as it is gaining new dimensions the role they have as social agents. This becomes particularly present in the paradigm shift of the EU funding schema and priorities, for member and candidate states, indicating that from catalysts of development they are now considered as important and active agents of Innovation by their R&D potential. The article provides a comprehensive literature review on different aspects of R&D processes in SMEs under the support of the funding programs of European Union collected from the reputed publications. The purpose is to provide an outline on the structure and dynamics of R&D in SMEs to highlight its role in the performance of these businesses in particular and in national and regional economies at the macro level. This paper aims to contribute to current discussions within the field of innovation by further exploring how EU R&D funding policies work in practice.

10

RUSSIAN EXPERIENCE OF THE APPLICATION OF THE TECHNOLOGY PLATFORM CONCEPT AS A MECHANISM FOR A NATIONAL ECONOMY

100%

Zlyvko O.

Czech Journal of Social Sciences, Business and Economics

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2013

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vol. Volume 2

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issue 2

49-55

EN

This article examines the Russian experience in the creation of technology platforms for solving the problems of supporting the innovative development of the key sectors of the economy. Special attention is paid to determining the place of technology platforms in innovation policies, project implementation phases to create technology platforms, management framework and the formation of the List of priority technologies.

11

Transnational Corporations as the Driving Forces Behind the World’s Research and Development Activity in Terms of R&D Expenditure

100%

Kraj K. M.

Journal of Management and Financial Sciences

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2017

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vol. 28(2)

73-97

EN

As discussed in the literature, more and more transnational corporations (TNCs) were attaching importance to research and development (R&D) activity from the 1970s through the 2000s. This growing involvement of TNCs in R&D resulted in their dominant role in global R&D expenditure. Indeed, a comparative analysis of financial data collected for the group of the 102 largest corporate R&D spenders worldwide in 2007 showed that this group of TNCs accounted for a significant share of the world’s R&D expenditure not only in 2007 alone but also in the period of 2000–2011. Moreover, a similarity between their home countries and the countries being top R&D spenders was found; however, most of these corporations were conducting their R&D at international level. Furthermore, the analysed TNCs operated mostly in technology-intensive industries, for which the foundations were provided by a multidisciplinary science and technology basis. JEL Codes: F23, O32

12

Ocena zmian zachodzących w poziomie rozwoju innowacyjności w branży motoryzacyjnej w Polsce na tle państw Unii Europejskiej

89%

Stojczew K.

Rozwój Regionalny i Polityka Regionalna

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2020

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issue 51

77-87

EN

The automotive industry is one of the pillars of the Polish economy, having a large share in generating gross value added, maintaining jobs and contributes to increasing expenditure on implementing innovation. After a few weaker years caused by the recent financial crisis, we can see that the Polish automotive industry, and especially the expenditure on innovation, which is the merits of the problem analyzed in this paper, is increasing. The priority goal of the study is to evaluate the structure of innovation type and expenditure incurred for its implementation in the automotive sector in 2015–2017. The subject of the study are companies operating in the industry on an international scale, as well as on the domestic Polish market. Based on the available data, a critical analysis of source materials was carried out, the structure of expenditure on research and development activities was analyzed, expenditure on innovation in the industry was examined, and the market situation was assessed in the field of implementing highly innovative solutions.

PL

Branża motoryzacyjna stanowi jeden z filarów polskiej gospodarki, mający duży udział w wytwarzaniu wartości dodanej brutto, utrzymywaniu miejsc pracy i przyczynia się do zwiększania nakładów na wdrażanie innowacji. Po kilku słabszych latach spowodowanych ostatnim kryzysem finansowym możemy zauważyć, że polski przemysł motoryzacyjny, a zwłaszcza nakłady na innowacje, które są meritum analizowanego w niniejszej pracy problemu, wzrastają. Celem opracowania jest przeprowadzenie ewaluacji struktury rodzajowej innowacji i nakładów poniesionych na jej wdrażanie w sektorze motoryzacyjnym w latach 2015–2017. Przedmiotem badania są przedsiębiorstwa funkcjonujące w branży na skalę międzynarodową oraz na rodzimym polskim rynku. Zakres obejmuje charakterystykę działalności innowacyjnej w sferze procesowej i produktowej. Na podstawie dostępnych danych przeprowadzono krytyczną analizę materiałów źródłowych, wpływu struktury wydatków na działalność w sferze badawczo-rozwojowej, przebadano nakłady przeznaczane na innowacje w branży, a także dokonano oceny sytuacji na rynku w dziedzinie wdrażania innowacyjnych rozwiązań.

13

Management Models of a Science and Technology Parks: Foreign Experiences and Recommendations For Poland

88%

Łobejko S., Sosnowska A.

Optimum. Studia Ekonomiczne

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2015

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vol. 5(77)

EN

The paper presents four management models of a scientific-technological park built on the basis of the in-depth analysis results of fifteen selected parks in the world. The basic functions of the park were discussed as well as the pros and cons of each model showing the possibilities for their further development. The reference was made to the Polish conditions, indicating that two corporate and network models are the most suitable for Poland. The corporate model based on the active cooperation of technical universities and public and private entities is, according to the authors, the most suitable for use in the case of science and technology parks located near a technical university. The corporate model is an alternative to the network model which allows to create science and technology parks with a dispersed spatial structure.

14

Innovation and Regional Socio-Economic Development - Evidence from the Finnish Local Administrative Units (1)

88%

Makkonen T.

Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series

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2011

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vol. 15

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issue 15

27-42

EN

It is often argued that innovation plays a key role in the economic growth of regions. Therefore, the impacts of innovation on the socio-economic development of regions have been widely discussed in previous studies, but with divergent areal coverage, methods, and datasets. As a point for departure, these relationships redrawn from international literature are tested here with a single dataset from Finnish local administrative units and with coherent methods. As there does not seem to be a generally accepted indicator for innovation which can claim to be superior, despite the growing literature on the subject, research and development (R&D), and patent statistics are used in this paper to represent innovation activity. The significant, strong, and positive relationship between innovation and traditional socio-economic variables is verified using Finnish regions.

15

Innowacyjne firmy w Polsce - stan obecny i perspektywy w świetle nowego planu rozwojowego

75%

Sęk A.

Przedsiębiorstwo we współczesnej gospodarce - teoria i praktyka

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2017

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vol. 4

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issue 23

109-129

PL

Aktualnie wiele krajów podąża w kierunku wspierania innowacyjności narodowej gospodarki. Dla Polski opracowano nowy plan, którego jednym z głównych filarów jest rozwój przedsiębiorczości i innowacyjności. Strategia na rzecz Odpowiedzialnego Rozwoju w części dotyczącej innowacyjności zakłada wprowadzenie zmian systemowych mających ułatwić współpracę przedstawicielom nauki i biznesu oraz zapowiada szereg nowych uregulowań usprawniających powstawanie i funkcjonowanie innowacyjnych przedsiębiorstw. Przeprowadzone badanie dotyczy oceny uwarunkowań dla innowacyjności, które dotychczas obowiązywały w polskiej przestrzeni naukowo-gospodarczej oraz perspektyw w tym obszarze. W tym celu przeanalizowane zostały opinie analityków i przedsiębiorców na temat obecnych rozwiązań oraz tych dopiero wprowadzanych lub planowanych i ich potencjalnego wpływu na rozwój innowacyjnych firm. Pozyskane dane wskazują, że aktualny poziom innowacyjności polskich firm wydaje się być niewystarczający do osiągania przez nie znaczących przewag konkurencyjnych. Mimo że przedsiębiorcy wykazują znaczne zainteresowanie innowacyjną działalnością, często brakuje im impulsu do jej rozpoczęcia, a bariera biznesowo-prawna bywa nie do przejścia. Zmiany prowadzące do usprawnienia całego procesu komercjalizacji badań są zasadniczo pożądane zarówno przez środowisko przedsiębiorców, jak i ekspertów, ale oceny aktualnie proponowanych przez państwo rozwiązań systemowych nie są jednolite. Niemniej jednak, wśród przedsiębiorców i analityków panuje przekonanie, że wprowadzane zmiany, choć zakrojone z rozmachem, powinny być realizowane.

EN

Currently many countries tend to foster innovative character of their economies. For Poland there has been formulated a new plan, whose one of the main elements is the development of entrepreneurship and innovation. A Strategy for Responsible Growth (Strategia na rzecz Odpowiedzialnego Rozwoju) in part dedicated to innovation introduces systemic changes designed to facilitate cooperation between representatives of science and business, as well as provides many new regulations enhancing creation and functioning of innovative companies. The conducted study applies, on the one hand, to the conditions for innovative activity that have determined the Polish scientific and economic sphere to date and, on the other, it discusses the prospects in this area. For this purpose there have been analysed experts and entrepreneurs’ opinions on the present solutions, as well as on the planned ones and their potential influence on the development of innovative companies. The gathered data have shown that the current level of innovation among Polish companies seems to be insufficient to give them significant competitive advantage. Although entrepreneurs have an interest in innovative activity, they often lack impetus to start it since business and legal barriers are impossible to overcome. Changes improving the whole process of commercialisation of scientific research are generally welcome by both entrepreneurs and experts but their opinions on the particular systemic changes proposed by the government are not entirely consistent. Nevertheless, entrepreneurs and analysts agree as to the need of introducing the proposed changes ambitious though they may seem.

16

Wpływ nakładów na badania i rozwój na rentowność przedsiębiorstw

75%

Grabińska B., Grabiński K.

Zeszyty Teoretyczne Rachunkowości

|

2018

|

issue 96(152)

43-62

PL

Celem artykułu jest zbadanie wpływu wydatków na badania i rozwój na wzrost rentowności przedsiębiorstw. Sformułowana na podstawie badań literaturowych hipoteza badawcza zakłada statystycznie istotny i dodatni wpływ intensywności wydatków B+R na wzrost rentowności w roku następnym. Została ona zweryfikowana za pomocą dwóch modeli, które, oprócz czynników wpływających na rentowność i zmiennych kontrolnych, obejmują dwie różne miary intensywności wydatków badawczo-rozwojowych, których wpływ na rentowność został stwierdzony w pracach innych autorów. Badanie zostało przeprowadzone za pomocą analizy regresji panelowej w wariancie odpornym (tzw. robust) za pomocą modelu I (II) na próbie 2123 (1940) rocznych sprawozdań finansowych 458 (384) amerykańskich spółek giełdowych z okresu obejmującego lata 2007–2016. Spółki amerykańskie zostały wybrane do próby badawczej ze względu na fakt, że US GAAP zasadniczo nie dopuszczają możliwości ujęcia (kapitalizacji) w bilansie wydatków na badania i rozwój. W rezultacie wszystkie tego typu wydatki są widoczne bezpośrednio w sprawozdaniu finansowym. Badania zostały przeprowadzone z uwzględnieniem jednorocznego opóźnienia czasowego wpływu wydatków B+R na wzrost rentowności. Wyniki analizy wskazują, że intensywność wydatków na badania i rozwój w sposób statystycznie istotny wpływają na wzrost rentowności badanych jednostek, co tym samym dostarcza argumentów na rzecz pozytywnej weryfikacji przyjętej w pracy hipotezy. Powyższe wyniki mogą mieć znacznie dla organów stanowiących regulacje rachunkowości, jak również kadry zarządczej spółek przy podejmowaniu inwestycji w B+R, jak również użytkowników sprawozdań finansowych.

EN

The main aim of the paper is to investigate the impact of R&D expenditures on the growth of company profitability. On the basis of literature review a main hypothesis was formulated as follows: the intensity of R&D has a statistically significant and positive impact on profitability growth in the next year. The hypothesis was verified using two models containing variables whose impact on profitability was proved in other studies, other control variables and additionally for each model two different proxies for R&D intensity. The study was carried out using robust panel regression and executed using the I (II) model over the sample of 2 123 (1 940) financial statements of 458(384) US stock listed companies from 2007–2016 period. The logic behind the choice of the sample is derived from the notion that US GAAPs do not allow capitalizing of R&D expenses in the balance sheet. Therefore all R&D outlays are visible in the income statement. Research design takes into consideration one-year time lag between R&D intensity and its impact on future growth of company profitability. The results of the study suggest that R&D intensity is a statistically significant and positive determinant of growth of profitability in the next year, which implies positive verification of the hypothesis. The obtained results may be of value for accounting standard setters, company management and users of financial statements making investment decisions.

17

Is Foreign Direct Investment a Real Driving Force of Economic Growth? A Panel Data Analysis

75%

Khalilov L., Yi C.-D.

Central European Journal of Economic Modelling and Econometrics

|

2020

|

issue 3

18

Zmiana struktury przestrzennej działalności badawczo-rozwojowej europejskich przedsiębiorstw produkcyjnych w warunkach kryzysu gospodarczego

75%

Becla M.

Prace Komisji Geografii Przemysłu Polskiego Towarzystwa Geograficznego

|

2014

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vol. 27

118-129

PL

Jedną z ważnych konsekwencji kryzysu gospodarczego dla europejskich przedsiębiorstw produkcyjnych jest pojawienie się zjawiska tzw. relokalizacji działalności produkcyjnej i związana z nią bezpośrednio zmiana struktury przestrzennej działalności badawczo-rozwojowej (B+R). Zmiana struktury przestrzennej w aspekcie działalności B+R uwarunkowana jest wieloma czynnikami, spośród których najważniejsze są: czynniki ekonomiczne (w tym ulgi i dotacje na działalność B+R, aspekty kosztowe), czynniki technologiczne (ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem bliskości jednostek naukowych i centrów transferu technologii), czynniki kulturowe (w tym związane z koncepcją społecznej odpowiedzialności biznesu w przedsiębiorstwach), czynniki społeczne i demograficzne (powiązane z potencjałem demograficznym poszczególnych lokalizacji), czynniki administracyjno-prawne (w tym otoczenie instytucjonalne). Celem pracy jest identyfikacja i analiza podstawowych kierunków i uwarunkowań zmiany struktury przestrzennej działalności B+R w europejskich (w tym polskich) przedsiębiorstwach, (szczególnie) działających w branży motoryzacyjnej i lotniczej (grupa branż high-tech).

EN

One of the important consequences the economic crisis had on European production is the phenomenon of relocation of production and the directly associated change in the spatial structure of research and development (R&D). Changes in the spatial structure in terms of R&D activity are conditioned by many factors, among which the most important are: economic factors (including incentives and grants for R&D, cost aspects); technological factors (with particular regard to the proximity of research units and centers of technology transfer); cultural factors (including those associated with the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility in companies); social and demographic factors (related to the demographic potential of each location); administrative and legal factors. The aim of the paper is the identification and analysis of basic trends and determinants of changes in the spatial structure of R&D in the European businesses, (especially) operating in the automotive and aviation (high-tech group) industries.

19

Education and Science and Its Importance in Process of Supporting Economic Growth and Competitiveness in the European Union and Slovak Republic

75%

Čajka P., Rýsová L.

Reality of Politics

|

2019

|

issue 10

11-34

EN

As a part of its long-term strategic objectives, the European Union has set efforts to increase internal cohesion, improve economic growth levels, which will strengthen its position in the world economy area and also strengthen its competitiveness vis-à-vis other key players in the world economy. The level and quality of education, as well as the level and quality of science and research, are key areas for achieving this goal. Thus, the main attention at the level of the European Union and its individual member states should be focused on the implementation of systemic measures aimed at improving the educational process and research activities in all aspects (legislative, personnel, financial, procedural, etc.). The article focuses on the definition and analysis of the main developmental trends and tendencies in the area of education and support of science and research in the area of the European Union and the Slovak Republic.

20

Inovačné procesy v prostredí globalizovanej ekonomiky

75%

Vološin M.

Prosopon. Europejskie Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne

|

2014

|

issue 2(8)

81-100

EN

The impact of innovations and great inventions, let us say in narrowed understanding, the impact of new technologies represents the object of examination of eminent authors since the nineteenth century. In present time this role of the accelerator of economic development play especially the new information technologies, automation, biotechnology, genetics, new energy concepts including the use of renewable resources, and the development and application of new material technologies. The original Schumpeter’s idea of innovation processes was completed by further aspects – fiscal, legal, marketing, systemic. The world economic crisis caused by the detaching of financial system and real economy suggests that the significant innovations are needed also in this area. In general, the conclusions of many analytical works agree with the opinion that the meaning of innovations in globalized world is increasing, and the innovations represent an important factor able to change the character of global economy. Our contribution focuses to the study of contemporary trends and changes in innovation processes under the impact of globalization, as well as their influence on the competitiveness of Europe in the global economy.

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Efficiency of Using Research and Development Expenditures at Voivodship Level

Research and Development and Tax Incentives

The third mission of Polish universities: Theory and practice

Is the European goal for defence research and technology expenditure attainable for small countries?

R&D ACTIVITY AND CORE BUSINESS EFFICIENCY ON THE EXAMPLE OF TECHNOLOGY COMPANIES

Wpływ przychodzących BIZ na wydatki działających w Polsce przedsiębiorstw na B+R w latach 2010–2016

The Role of Scientific Advice in Innovation Policy Making

The new system of financing science Horizon 2020 as a development opportunity for European and Polish science

SMEs’s potentials of Research and Development and the European Union Prospective. A Literature Review

RUSSIAN EXPERIENCE OF THE APPLICATION OF THE TECHNOLOGY PLATFORM CONCEPT AS A MECHANISM FOR A NATIONAL ECONOMY

Transnational Corporations as the Driving Forces Behind the World’s Research and Development Activity in Terms of R&D Expenditure

Ocena zmian zachodzących w poziomie rozwoju innowacyjności w branży motoryzacyjnej w Polsce na tle państw Unii Europejskiej

Management Models of a Science and Technology Parks: Foreign Experiences and Recommendations For Poland

Innovation and Regional Socio-Economic Development - Evidence from the Finnish Local Administrative Units (1)

Innowacyjne firmy w Polsce - stan obecny i perspektywy w świetle nowego planu rozwojowego

Wpływ nakładów na badania i rozwój na rentowność przedsiębiorstw

Is Foreign Direct Investment a Real Driving Force of Economic Growth? A Panel Data Analysis

Zmiana struktury przestrzennej działalności badawczo-rozwojowej europejskich przedsiębiorstw produkcyjnych w warunkach kryzysu gospodarczego

Education and Science and Its Importance in Process of Supporting Economic Growth and Competitiveness in the European Union and Slovak Republic

Inovačné procesy v prostredí globalizovanej ekonomiky