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EN
The authors are interested in some aspects of a development project entitled “The methodology of risk assessment for the purposes of crisis management system RP (ID 193751)”. The project funded by the National Research and Development Centre under the Competition 3/2012 (security and defense). As part of the project the following items were reviewed and analyzed: materials related to the Government Security Centre, already completed and available products of the project ID 193751, and literature relating to, among other things, crisis management, critical infrastructure, business continuity, security, and threats. The basic emphasis of the article is focused on the resource-critical infrastructure interpretation of the state, whereby the state is perceived as a complex administrative structure in which, on the basis of external and internal interactions of resources, the risk of threats measurement is done.
EN
The primary goal of this study is to examine the role of culture - as one of the most enduring, vital and long-lived components of sustainable development, with multifarious potential continuously explored and capitalized by individuals, communities or institutions. All definitions of the phrase sustainable development include culture as a sine-qua-non element that is also inextricably connected and interdependent with the other three pillars: economic, social and environmental. In this context of cultural centres worldwide, Confucius Institutes represent a successful and efficient managerial model by capitalizing on the most important resource of an organization: human capital.
EN
This paper presents an investigation of the relevant factors related to the construction of a resource model which is designed to be useful in the management processes of the operation of critical infrastructure (CI) for state emergencies. The genesis of the research lay in the perceived need for effective protection of multidimensional CI methodologies, and it was influenced by the nature of the physical characteristics of the available resources. It was necessary to establish a clear structure and well defined objectives and to assess the functional and structural resources required, as well as the potential relational susceptibilities deriving from a number of possible threats and the possible seriousness of a specific range of incidents and their possible consequences. The interdependence of CI stocks is shown by the use of tables of resource classes. The dynamics of the interaction of CI resources are modeled by examining how using clusters of potential risks can at any given time create a class of compounds related to susceptibilities and threats to the resources. As a result, the model can be used to conduct multi-dimensional risk calculations for crisis management CI resource configurations.
EN
The paper seeks to identify the role of cultural and social diversity in economic development. It starts by defining the terms that are critical to the analysis, including diversity, fractionalization, polarization, social diversity, cultural diversity and economic resources, as well as providing the most significant indexes thereof. The main body of the paper interprets the notions of cultural and social diversity in terms of being a valuable economic resource. Furthermore, it collects a vast body of literature to demonstrate the relationship between the cultural/social diversity and economic development with regard to adverse or positive impact on the latter. In regard to the negative impact of diversity, the paper identifies it in the area of social communication, social capital and networks, as it effectively causes a decrease in productivity and increase in social conflict and isolation. The positive link is demonstrated with examples in the areas of innovation, creativity, usage of complementary abilities and experiences, and their role in increasing productivity. The paper refers to numerous data sources, studies and indexes illustrating how the economic systems of various countries perform in the context of the paper’s subject-matter.
EN
The rapid increase of technologically enhanced listening platforms gives listeners access to music with ever-increasing ease and ubiquity, giving rise to the suggestion that we should now conceptualize music as a resource similar to water; something that is utilized to achieve everyday goals. This paper proposes that music is a utilitarian resource employed by listeners to augment cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and physiological aspects of the self. To better explore these notions this paper examines the potential role of the “functions of music,” first espoused by Alan P. Merriam in 1964. Merriam suggested music has a situational use and an underlying function (music’s ability to alter the self through listening). The research presented here asserts that listeners interact with specific musical materials to achieve or orientate themselves towards contextually-rooted goals. Reinforcing Tia DeNora’s suggestion that music is a “technology of the self” this research presents the results of a 41 publication meta-analysis exploring the possible functions of music. The resultant Aggregate Thematic Functions Framework (ATF framework) identifies 45 possible utilitarian functions of music, spread across five domains of action. The framework also proposes a meta-domain and an emotional sub-domain
EN
The rapid increase of technologically enhanced listening platforms gives listeners access to music with ever-increasing ease and ubiquity, giving rise to the suggestion that we should now conceptualize music as a resource similar to water; something that is utilized to achieve everyday goals. This paper proposes that music is a utilitarian resource employed by listeners to augment cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and physiological aspects of the self. To better explore these notions this paper examines the potential role of the “functions of music,” first espoused by Alan P. Merriam in 1964. Merriam suggested music has a situational use and an underlying function (music’s ability to alter the self through listening). The research presented here asserts that listeners interact with specific musical materials to achieve or orientate themselves towards contextually-rooted goals. Reinforcing Tia DeNora’s suggestion that music is a “technology of the self” this research presents the results of a 41 publication meta-analysis exploring the possible functions of music. The resultant Aggregate Thematic Functions Framework (ATF framework) identifies 45 possible utilitarian functions of music, spread across five domains of action. The framework also proposes a meta-domain and an emotional sub-domain
EN
Objectives The COVID-19 pandemic contributing to the dissemination of alternative work models such as fully remote or hybrid work models. The present study focused on these 2 types of unplanned changes in the working environment. The conservation of resources theory, the first aim of this study was to examine the predictive role of resource losses and gains since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in job burnout. Moreover, the authors investigated how non-remote, remote, and hybrid employees differ in resource losses and gains and job burnout. Material and Methods A cross-sectional online comparative study was conducted a year after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. The respondents provided sociodemographic data, reported their current work model, and completed validated measures of resource losses and gains and job burnout: the Conservation of Resources Evaluation and the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory. Based on the data collected from 1000 working adults from the Polish population, the authors tested the differences in losses and gains of different categories of resources and job burnout components between the 3 groups of employees representing distinct working models, i.e., non-remote, hybrid, and remote. Results In general, the associations of losses and gains with job burnout subscales have been confirmed, regardless of the level of analysis of losses and gains. The authors’ findings indicated that hybrid workers experienced significantly higher resource losses and gains (both in general and in different domains) in comparison to non-remote and remote workers. In turn, non-remote employees scored significantly higher on disengagement, which is one of the job burnout components. Conclusions Hybrid workers experienced the highest levels of both resource losses and gains during the COVID-19 pandemic, compared to non-remote and remote workers, suggesting that this form of working arrangement involves the greatest changes in different life domains, bringing both positive and negative consequences for the employee.
EN
The objective of the article is to present the results of bibliometric analysis of the scientific studies concerning the issue of sustainable development (SD). The analysis allowed identifying the main territories in the context of the above issues. For the purposes of the analysis was used bibliometric examination of the data available in the Web of Science database, the investigation of trends, in terms of number of publications, the method of co-occurrence of words, cluster exploration and also mind mapping method. In the analysis was used software VOSviewer. The analysis lets us extending the area of research relating to the issue of sustainable development to the following four sub-areas: (1) education for sustainable development, (2) resource efficiency, (3) technological solutions geared towards sustainable development and (4) regional scale sustainable development.
PL
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie wyników bibliometrycznej analizy badań naukowych dotyczących kwestii rozwoju zrównoważonego (ang. sustainable development - SD). Analiza pozwoliła zidentyfikować główne obszary badań w ramach powyższego zagadnienia. Do celów analizy wykorzystano analizę bibliometryczną danych dostępnych w bazie danych Web of Science, analizę trendów pod względem liczby publikacji, metodę współwystępowania słów, analizę klastrów, a także metodę mapowania myśli. W analizie wykorzystano oprogramowanie VOSviewer. Analiza pozwoliła wyodrębnić cztery podobszary badawcze w ramach badań związanych z rozwojem zrównoważonym, a były to następujące podobszary: (1) edukacja na rzecz rozwoju zrównoważonego, (2) efektywność wykorzystania zasobów, (3) rozwiązania technologiczne nastawione na rozwój zrównoważony i (4) ) rozwój zrównoważony w skali regionalnej.
PL
Polska dysponuje znacznymi, acz słabo rozpoznanymi zasobami obiektów warownych i rezydencjalnych. Różnią się położeniem, jakością architektury, stanem zachowania, własnością, funkcją pełnioną współcześnie. Ich dzisiejszy stan był determinowany przez wiele złożonych czynników ekonomicznych, politycznych, prawnych i społecznych. Wykorzystanie tych zasobów w związku z dynamicznym rozwojem turystyki kulturowej wymaga zmian w polityce ochrony dziedzictwa i rozwoju turystyki, w tym zwłaszcza zmiany podejścia i wzmocnienia rozwiązań rynkowych. Bez nich zasoby te pozostaną tylko kłopotliwą i kosztowną pamiątką przeszłości.
EN
Poland has significant, though not researched and depicted in depth asset in the form of manors, palaces and castles. They differ in many ways: by location, technical state, quality of architecture, ownership, function played nowadays. Their contemporary state has been determined by a number of complex economic, political, legal and social factors. Utilisation of those objects for the needs of dynamically developing culture tourism calls for changes in national heredity protection and tourism development strategies. Proposed changes in particular should decisively introduce market mechanism into heredity management. Otherwise those rich assets shall remain troublesome and costly souvenir of the past.
PL
Recently, it has been noticed that the problems of specific specializations in the field of special education overlap or go far beyond the area of a given sub-discipline. The article addresses issues related to outlining the main problems that we may encounter in the area of pedagogy, and which are crucial for the lives of people with chronic illness in various areas of their functioning. They are: body traits – their importance in building identity in the situation of experiencing a chronic disease; coping with loss in a chronic disease situation; matching in contact with a person with a chronic illness and participation in social exchange.
EN
Recently, it has been noticed that the problems of specific specializations in the field of special education overlap or go far beyond the area of a given sub-discipline. The article addresses issues related to outlining the main problems that we may encounter in the area of pedagogy, and which are crucial for the lives of people with chronic illness in various areas of their functioning. They are: body traits – their importance in building identity in the situation of experiencing a chronic disease; coping with loss in a chronic disease situation; matching in contact with a person with a chronic illness and participation in social exchange.
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2022
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vol. 18
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issue 3
120-137
PL
Studia o niepełnosprawności to dyscyplina rozwijająca się prężnie, ale najczęściej koncentrująca się na świecie anglosaskim. W swoich poszukiwaniach badacze tego nurtu zazwyczaj skupiają się na dekonstruowaniu powszechnych stereotypów i odkrywaniu systemowej dyskryminacji. Choć podejmowanych jest coraz więcej inicjatyw typu disability pride, to wydaje się, że wciąż afirmatywne podejście do niepełnosprawności jest w mniejszości. Artykuł jest propozycją wyjścia poza wspomniane powyżej schematy. Wkraczając w krąg kultury latynoamerykańskiej, autorka stara się zbadać, w jakim stopniu dotychczasowe ustalenia studiów o niepełnosprawności mają tam zastosowanie. Proponując rozpatrywanie niepełnosprawności w kategorii zasobu, chcę poszerzyć afirmatywne spojrzenie na niepełnosprawność. Celem artykułu jest krytyczny namysł nad kreatywnym potencjałem niepełnosprawności wzroku, wykorzystywanym przez meksykańskich niewidomych i słabowidzących artystów w procesie twórczym. Na podstawie badań przeprowadzonych w latach 2020–2022 autorka argumentuje, że wykorzystują oni swoją niepełnosprawność jako zasób w działalności twórczej. Wyróżnia cztery aspekty działania niepełnosprawności wzroku jako zasobu w pracy artystycznej: inspirację, reprezentację, nieokulocentryczną wyobraźnię oraz dostępność.
EN
Disability studies is a dynamically developing discipline; however, it usually focuses on the Anglophone world. Scholars representing this field often concentrate on deconstructing popular stereotypes and revealing hidden systemic discrimination. Although more and more initiatives are taken up – such as disability pride – it seems that an affirmative approach to disability remains in the minority. This article is a proposal for going beyond the mentioned schemes. Entering the area of the Latin American culture, I try to verify whether the findings of disability studies can be confirmed there. Proposing the interpretation of dis-ability in terms of resource, I want to broaden the affirmative perspective on disability. This paper aims at a critical reflection on the creative potential of visual impairment used by blind and low-vision Mexican artists in the creative process. Driving upon the research conducted between 2020 and 2022, I argue that they use their visual impairment as a resource in their artistic activity. I distinguish four aspects of the functioning of visual impairment as a resource in artistic work: inspiration, representation, non-ocularcentric imagination, and accessibility.
13
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SENIOR THEATRE AN IMPORTANT PART OF SENIOR CULTURE

51%
EN
The third age is an opportunity and can be used wisely. Going to university, travelling, volunteering or joining a theater group could be possibilities. The article deals with Cultural Implications, and with senior theatre forging ahead in unexpected and adventurous directions. Last not least about the situation of Senior Theatre in Graz, Austria
PL
Pozbawiona własnych złóż surowców węglowodorowych Gruzja zdana jest na import. Zaniechanie z przyczyn politycznych ich zakupów w Federacji Rosyjskiej oraz braki infrastrukturalne (w tym brak terminalu LNG) doprowadziły do faktycznej monopolizacji dostaw ropy naftowej i gazu ziemnego z Azerbejdżanu. Z powodów geopolitycznych Gruzja pozostaje dla Azerbejdżanu jedyną drogą eksportową tych surowców. Łatwy dostęp do nich – z racji zajmowania pozycji państwa tranzytowego – nie pozostaje bez wpływu na tempo transformacji energetycznej w Gruzji. Znacząco niższa niż należałoby się tego spodziewać dynamika rozwoju OZE z jednej strony, a z drugiej rosnąca na znaczeniu rola azerbejdżańskich spółek narodowych na rynku paliw ciekłych i gazu ziemnego w Gruzji są dostrzegalną konsekwencją powstałego status quo.
EN
Georgia, deprived of its own hydrocarbon resources, relies exclusively on the import. It has abstained from purchasing those from the Russian Federation for political reasons, which, combined with the lack of LNG terminal infrastructure, has led to the factual monopolization of crude oil and natural gas supplies from Azerbaijan. For geopolitical reasons, Georgia remains the only export route for Azerbaijan for these resources. Easy access to those resources due to its position as a transit state has an impact on the tempo of energy transformation in Georgia. On the one hand, the significantly lower than expected dynamics of the development of renewable energy sources, and on the other hand, the growing role of Azerbaijani national companies in the market of liquid fuels and natural gas in Georgia, are visible consequences of the emergent status quo.
15
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Logika strategii sieciowych

51%
PL
Artykuł przyjmuje perspektywę logiki dominującej, tj. konceptualizacji biznesu oraz krytycznych decyzji alokacyjnych, by zaproponować typologię strategii sieciowych. Pierwszy typ opiera się na logice strukturalnej i zmierza do uzyskania renty pozycyjnej, konfiguracyjnej lub relacyjnej. Drugi typ to zasobowa logika sieciowa, w której sieć staje się sposobem dostępu do zasobów, kluczowym zasobem oraz wyzwaniem kompetencyjnym dla organizacji. Trzecia logika postrzega sieć jako układ tworzenia i zawłaszczania wartości przez koopetycję oraz ekosystemy.
EN
This paper adopts a dominant logic perspective, i.e. conceptualization of business and critical resource allocation, in order to provide a network strategies typology. The first type is based on structural logic and seeks positional, configuration and relational rents. The second logic is resource-based and views networks as a resource access structure, a critical resource per se and a competence development challenge. Third, the value-creation and value-appropriation logic opens ways to exploit coopetition or ecosystems in firms’ strategies.
RU
Современные латвийские исследователи практически не занимаются вопросами социальной стратификации. Но без тщательного и достоверного анализа социальных классов экспертное сообщество не имеет возможности предложить властям и общественности эффективные инструменты управления, которые соответствовали бы реальному состоянию латвийского общества. Целью данного исследования является изучение «ресурсных портфелей» и совокупного капитала, а также степени капитализации ресурсов, имеющихся в распоряжении представителей социальных классов современной Латвии. Объём и структура «ресурсного портфеля» и совокупного капитала различных социальных классов изучаются с помощью методологии, разработанной профессором социологии Даугавпилсского университета В. Меньшиковым на основе теории социальных полей П. Бурдье и ресурсного подхода (или подхода «ресурс-актив-капитал») российской учёной Н. Тихоновой, с небольшими изменениями со стороны авторов. В статье анализируются результаты социологического опроса населения Латгальского региона Латвии (2019 год, n = 798 респондентов), в рамках которого полярные социальные классы определяются на основе двух объективных (доход и образование) и одного субъективного (самоидентификация респондентов) критериев. На примере низшего рабочего класса и среднего класса авторы доказали следующее: 1) низший рабочий класс имеет статистически значимо меньший по объёму «ресурсный портфель», чем средний класс; 2) низший рабочий класс не так успешен, как средний класс, в процессе капитализации имеющихся в его распоряжении ресурсов, т.е. в процессе превращения их в капитал. В современной Латвии полярные социальные классы различаются между собой не столько спецификой ресурсов, сколько спецификой капитала. Эти статистически значимые двухуровневые различия не уступают одно другому по своей значимости. Эмпирическое изучение объёма и структуры «ресурсного портфеля» и совокупного капитала различных социальных классов в современной Латвии с использованием ресурсного подхода способствует развитию теоретической и прикладной социальной науки посредством практической апробация инновационной методологии исследования. Результаты исследования имеют также определённое практическое значение и могут быть использованы для повышения эффективности социальной политики современной Латвии путём расширения возможностей социальной мобильности низших классов.
LV
Mūsdienu Latvijas pētnieki praktiski nenodarbojas ar sociālās stratifikācijas jautājumiem. Taču bez rūpīgas un ticamas sociālo šķiru analīzes ekspertu kopiena nav spējīga piedāvāt valdībai un sabiedrībai efektīvus vadības instrumentus, kas atbilstu Latvijas sabiedrības reālajam stāvoklim. Šī pētījuma mērķis ir izpētīt “resursu portfeļus” un kopējo kapitālu, kā arī mūsdienu Latvijas sociālo šķiru pārstāvju rīcībā esošo resursu kapitalizācijas pakāpi. Dažādu sociālo šķiru kopējā kapitāla, kā arī “resursu portfeļa” apjoms un struktūra tiek pētīta ar metodoloģiju, ko izstrādājis Daugavpils Universitātes socioloģijas profesors V. Meņšikovs, izmantojot P. Burdjē sociālo lauku teoriju un Krievijas zinātnieces N. Tihonovas piedāvāto resursu pieeju (vai pieeju “resurss-aktīvs-kapitāls”), ar nelielām izmaiņām no autoru puses. Rakstā tiek analizēti Latgales reģiona iedzīvotāju socioloģiskās aptaujas rezultāti Latvijā (2019. gads, n = 798 respondenti), kas [aptaujas] ietvaros polārās sociālās šķiras tika identificētās pēc diviem objektīvajiem (ienākums un izglītība) un viena subjektīvā (respondentu pašidentificēšanās) kritērija. Balstoties uz zemākās strādnieku šķiras un vidusšķiras piemēru, autori pierādīja: 1) zemākajai strādnieku šķirai pēc apjoma ir statistiski nozīmīgi mazāks “resursu portfelis” nekā vidusšķirai; 2) zemākā strādnieku šķira nav tik veiksmīga kā vidusšķira tās rīcībā esošo resursu kapitalizācijas procesā, t.i., pārvēršot tos kapitālā. Mūsdienu Latvijā polārās sociālās šķiras diferencē ne tik daudz resursu specifika, cik kapitāla specifika. Šīs statistiski nozīmīgās divu līmeņu atšķirības ir līdzvērtīgas pēc sociālās nozīmības. Dažādu sociālo šķiru “resursu portfeļa” un kopējā kapitāla apjoma un struktūras empīriskā izpēte mūsdienu Latvijā, izmantojot resursa pieeju, veicina teorētiskās un lietišķās sociālās zinātnes attīstību, praktiski aprobējot inovatīvo metodoloģiju. Pētījuma rezultātiem ir arī zināma praktiskā lietderība: tos var izmantot, lai uzlabotu mūsdienu Latvijas sociālās politikas efektivitāti, paplašinot zemāko klašu sociālās mobilitātes iespējas.
EN
Modern Latvian scientists almost do not deal with the issues of social stratification. At the same time, without a thorough and reliable analysis of the social class structure, the expert community cannot provide the authorities and civil society with effective tools that would meet the actual needs of Latvia. The purpose of this study is investigating the “resource portfolios” and total capital, as well as the degree of the capitalization of resources, which representatives of Latvian social classes have at their disposal. The amount and structure of “resource portfolio” and total capital of different social classes are studied using the methodology developed by V. Menshikov, professor of sociology at Daugavpils University. This methodology is based on P. Bourdieu’s theory of social fields and Russian scientist N. Tikhonova’s resource approach (or resource-asset-capital approach), with minor modification by the authors. In the article, the results of the sociological survey of the inhabitants of Latgale region of Latvia (2019, n = 798 respondents) are analyzed. The polar social classes are identified based on two objective (income and education) and one subjective (self-identification of respondents) criteria. Based on the cases of the lower working class and the middle class, the authors proved the following: (1) the lower working class has statistically significantly smaller “resource portfolio” than the middle class; (2) the lower working class is not so successful as the middle class in activating the resources at their disposal, turning them into their capital. In the modern Latvia, the polar social classes differ among themselves not so much by resources specificity as by capital specificity. These statistically significant two-level differences are not inferior to one another in terms of their importance. An empirical study of the amount and structure of the “resource portfolio” and the total capital of different social classes in the modern Latvia using the “resources-assets-capital” approach contributes to the development of theoretical and applied social science through practical testing of innovative research methodology. The research results have also a certain practical importance and can be used to improve the social policy of the modern Latvia. This requires a stronger emphasis on the opportunities for social mobility of the lower classes.
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