Search results

1

Rola byłych funkcjonariuszy komunistycznych służb specjalnych w cywilnym wywiadzie i kontrwywiadzie Polski i Czech w latach 1989– 2018

100%

Graca W., Spustek H.

Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem

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2019

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vol. 41

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issue 1

95-108

EN

Czech civilian special services after 1989 were built by former officers of the communist services. In Poland and in the Czech Republic, at least at the beginning of the changes, participation in the services of members of the democratic opposition was symbolic. The officers of the communist services in both countries were gradually removed during subsequent reorganizations in the years 1990–2018. In the Czech Republic they have not been completely removed to this day. The Czech authorities deprived them of financial powers acquired in the service of a totalitarian system. The Polish authorities also deprived former security officers of the privileges acquired in service before systemic changes and additionally those already acquired at work for a democratic state. However, the financial severity of both solutions is incomparable due to differences in pension systems of uniformed services between both countries.

2

Indywidualne konta emerytalne – siedem chudych lat

100%

Sowiński T.

Studia Gdańskie. Wizje i rzeczywistość

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2011

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vol. 8

150-164

EN

The article discusses the important question in socio-economic life of the country – the retirement savings. The author analyses the retirement system reform of 1999 in Poland which introduced a three-pillar pension system (two pillars being obligatory and one voluntary) as well as the proposal for the third pillar – individual retirement accounts. He describes their functioning and appraises their value in retirement savings. The author draws attention to the fact that individual retirement accounts are not encouraged enough and describes high-risk models.

3

Factors Influencing the Decision of Whether to Retire or Extend One’s Employment

100%

Skučienė D., Moskvina J.

Human Affairs

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2015

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vol. 26

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issue 2

104-116

EN

This paper aims to establish which factors influence whether people in eastern/central European countries decide to continue in paid work or retire. The situation in Lithuania, Estonia, Poland, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Slovenia, and Slovakia in 2010 is analysed. In order to pursue this aim, the following objectives were set: firstly, to analyse previous research on the topic, secondly, to evaluate factors influencing people’s decisions on whether to continue in paid work or retire in selected eastern/central European countries, and, finally, to conclude. Secondary analysis was conducted in order to pursue the research aim. Sources of data include European Social Survey Round 5 (2010) data, Eurostat, and MISSOC. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression were used to analyse the data. The extent to which a person is willing to engage in work on reaching the legal age of retirement is analysed in relation to economic situation, state of health, and working conditions.

4

System emerytalny w kraju karteli — przypadek Kolumbii

100%

Poteraj J.

Ekonomia. Wrocław Economic Review

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2017

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vol. 23

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issue 3

73 - 90

EN

The 1993 reform was the most important change, ordering many elements of Colombian retirement. Today, the Colombian pension system is characterized by parallel (pay-as-you-go and funded) schemes, which creates inefficiencies in administration because of its complexity and consequently increases systemic costs. Asystem that is formally defined as atwo-pillar system is actually a three-pillar solution, based on the principle of competition between the components. Linking a minimum pension with aminimum wage is asignificant source of ineffectiveness of the adopted solution. In international comparisons, there is also alack of thinking about the potential equalization of the retirement age for women and men. Changes in recent years, especially the introduction of BEPS, Colombia Mayor and family pensions, are substantiated. Still, there is alack of effective instruments in Colombia that radically increase the coverage of the pension system. In the paper the hypothesis that in a country with alarge share of the shadow economy in the creation of GDP there are difficulties in increasing participation in the pension system, was confirmed.

5

INTRODUCTION. TRANSITION INTO RETIREMENT IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE

100%

Krzyżowski Ł., Kowalik W., Suwada K.

Studia Humanistyczne AGH

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2014

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vol. 13

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issue 4

EN

This issue of “Contributions to Humanities” presents various aspects of transitions to retirement in Europe, particularly in post-communist countries. The process of retirementis analysed from various points of view; to name afew: the political perspective and the challengesfaced by current public pension systems in ageing societies, the macro perspectivewhich analyses the structural reasons for (early) retirement, and the micro perspective ofindividuals and their ways of experiencing and dealing with exit from the labour market.Therefore, for this issue we sought out an array of papers that extensively discuss the problemof retirement, and inevitably the problem of aging, in Eastern and Central Europe. Obviously,this publication examines only afraction of this broad problem and is by no means exhaustive,thus we hope that it will serve to stimulatethe further discussion.

6

THE EFFECT OF RETIREMENT ON PERCEIVED WELL-BEING IN HUNGARY

100%

Radó M.

Studia Humanistyczne AGH

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2014

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vol. 13

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issue 4

EN

The effect of retirement on perceived well-being is examined by using three waves of the Hungarian GGS data. The marginal log-linear model, which is a useful, state-of-the art methodological tool for categorical multivariate analysis, is applied to the problem. This paper ascertains that retirement has a significantly negative effect on an individual’s perceived well-being, although after three years of retirement the feeling of well-being starts to increase again. The significant decrease after retirement can be explained by the health and age of the individual, since those in living poor health and retiring at a younger age tend to have lower subjective well-being. Thus retirement and subjective well-being are conditionally independent given health and age. This paper also reveals that the perceived well-being of those who have retired between the first and the second wave is a Markov chain. This means that the perceived well-being measured in the third and the first waves are conditionally independent given the well-being measured in the second wave. The results support the idea that retirement causes a temporary reduction in well-being.

7

Economic activity of Polish pensioners in the light of quantitative research

100%

Bielawska K.

Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy

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2019

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vol. 14

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issue 1

149-165

EN

Research background: Despite the economic development, accompanied by various structural reforms (including pension reform of 1999), the effective retirement age in Poland is relatively low. Participants of the social insurance scheme tend to apply for the old-age pension as soon as possible (when they reach the statutory retirement age). Purpose of the article: The main aim of the paper is to evaluate the determinants of the economic activity of seniors in Poland taking the old-age pension form Social Insurance Institution (ZUS) as a regular or occasional work, in comparison to those who are not performing any paid activity. Methods: We use the data from the survey carried out in 2018 on the representative sample of Polish seniors aged 65+ for whose households the old-age pension from ZUS (1336 pensioners who retired between 1980?s up to 2018) is the main source of income. Multinominal logistic regression was performed to study how gender, retirement timing, education level and period of retirement as well as reasons for retirement influenced the likelihood to continue regular or occasional work. Findings & Value added: Multinominal logistic regression for women confirms that higher education increases chances for continuing regular work on the retirement comparing to those having secondary education. Retirement due to the reaching the pensionable age made women more likely to continue work on regular basis, while those who retired due to the bankruptcy of the employer were less likely to be employed during retirement. Retirement due to the preservation of pension privileges increased chances to continue work on the occasional basis among women and men. For men who reported employment - related factors as retirement drivers, the chances of performing occasional work were high and of highly statistical significant. This research delivers knowledge on drivers of regular or occasional paid activity combined with receiving old-age pension from social insurance system in Poland.

8

Old-age pension systems’ reforms in Germany, Greece and France – a social citizenship perspective

100%

Polakowski M.

Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu

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2018

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issue 510

165-180

EN

European old-age pension systems face multiple challenges. On the one hand, governments are concerned with the fiscal effects of ageing societies. On the other hand, there is a social pressure on maintaining standards of living during the retirement. Such tension is one of the most significant socio-economic conflicts in modern politics. During last 25 years, policy makers tried to answer these challenges by pension reforms. In general, a trend towards reducing social rights can be distinguished, which is to a significantly smaller extent accompanied by improvement of coverage and benefit levels for some groups. This research analyses old-age pension reform trajectories in three European countries: Greece, France and Germany. It focuses on the generosity of pension benefits, access to pensions, and anti-poverty function of the pension systems. The paper assesses, whether over a period 1990–2015, a convergence took place between the countries and if yes, what was its direction.

9

Poczucie koherencji a zadowolenie z życia u kobiet i mężczyzn na emeryturze

100%

Pasik M., Instytut Psychologii U. Ł.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Psychologica

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2007

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vol. 11

EN

The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship between sense of coherence (SOC) and life satisfaction in retired men and women, who stopped working. 120 retirees (60 men, 60 women) were examined using following techniques: The Sense of Coherence Questionnaire (SOC- 29) by A. Antonovsky, The Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) by Diener et al. and The Scale “Emotions” by Wojciszke et al. The results point on differences between retired men and woman in the level of life satisfaction and sense of coherence (in favor of men). Moreover the relationship between sense of coherence (SOC) and life satisfaction was found in both groups. But the results suggest, that this relationship looks different in retired men then women.

10

Personality Traits and Subjective Health in Retirement Age – The Role of Personal Resources

88%

Finogenow M.

Polish Psychological Bulletin

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2013

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vol. 44

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issue 2

213-222

EN

The aim of the study was to analyse the relationship between fi ve-factor personality traits and subjective health in retirement age, including the mediating role of personal resources. The sample comprised of 240 older adults approaching or of retirement age; aged 55-70 (M = 60.1 years). Subjective health was negatively associated with neuroticism and positively associated with extraversion and openness to experiences. Multiple mediation analyses indicated that personal resources (especially the sense of meaningfulness) mediated most of the analyzed associations between personality and subjective health. For conscientiousness suppressive effects were found.

11

RETIRED ELDERLY IN A CARE INSTITUTION – THE PROCESS OF ADAPTATION TO LIFE IN A SOCIAL CARE HOME

88%

Szafranek A.

Studia Humanistyczne AGH

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2014

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vol. 13

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issue 4

EN

Retirement is a new stage in every person’s life. It is undoubtedly a transitional period of change and new challenges. It should be noted that it will take different forms, depending on where the elderly go to spend their retirement. Will it be their own apartment, a relative’s house, or a social care home? This article addresses the problems of spending one’s old age in a retirement home. The mainsubject is the process of adaptation of the elderly to life in an institution and the factors influencing it.

12

PREFERENCE THEORY IN ADVANCED AGE AND THE OLDER CZECH WORKFORCE

88%

Vidovićová L.

Studia Humanistyczne AGH

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2014

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vol. 13

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issue 4

EN

In this article we make use of preference theory developed by Hakim (2000) in the context of reconciling work and family to cover and explain different patterns of retirement exit paths and retirement satisfaction levels in the Czech Republic. We propose that lifestyle preferences and values may help to explain why some older workers continue to work while others are determined to retire as early as possible. Three types are identified among the 55–65 age group: work oriented, retirement oriented, and adaptive. The data shows that self-perception of the respondent as being active or more rest-oriented is associated with actual labour market activity of the respondent. Different types also perceive and evaluate labour market exit differently, and most importantly they differ in their reaction to various labour market and pension policies and family/partnership conditions. In the discussion we challenge the notion of active ageing as a general “one-size-fits-all” policy and urge that more attention be paid to the role of individual values and preferences when looking at the organisation of latter life roles.

13

LATER RETIREMENT? PATTERNS, PREFERENCES, POLICIES

88%

Kohli M.

Studia Humanistyczne AGH

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2014

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vol. 13

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issue 4

EN

Pension systems are a major part of the political economy of current societies – much beyond providing old-age income security. The well-known demographics of population aging as well as globalization today challenge their financial viability. Later retirement seems to be a good way to meet these challenges. However, it is not only unpopular but also inequitable in terms of differential longevity. The paper first discusses these problems, with a particular focus on the social stratification of mortality. It then analyzes the preferences towards retirement age at several levels: in terms of attitudes towards public spending on pensions or towards the state’s responsibility in this matter, of support for pension policy alternatives, and of preferred individual age of retirement. Results show that large majorities across all age groups are in favour of more government spending on pensions. There is a substantial amount of ‘involuntary retirement’, meaning that people would have preferred to work longer than they actually did, as well as a somewhat lower amount of ‘involuntary work’, but the preferred ages are everywhere below 65, and in some countries still below 60. Finally, the paper examines the policies of raising the retirement age adopted during the last two decades. What has especially been lacking in these policies is a consideration of socially differentiated longevity.

14

Why women leave earlier: what is behind the earlier labour market exit of women in the Czech Republic

88%

Dudová R., Pospíšilová K.

Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review

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2022

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vol. 58

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issue 3

257-283

EN

The article examines the factors that intervene in decisions to leave the labour market in the Czech Republic from a gender perspective. It uses binary logistic regression to identify the variables that predict the economic inactivity of men and women at the age of 60 plus and the interactions of variables to examine whether the factors that determine when people exit the labour market are the same for men and women. The analysis uses data from the Labour Force Study (LFS) collected in the fourth quarter of 2017 and focuses on people between the ages of 60 and 69 and five independent variables: gender, education, pension eligibility, marital status, and type of job. It studies how gender intersects with other characteristics in the decision to retire from the labour market. Although pension eligibility is the central predictor of economic inactivity after the age of 60, when eligibility is controlled for here, it is evident that gender, education, job type, and marital status all influence the timing of labour market exits. Women leave work earlier than men, and this is found to be true even when we control for their education or pension eligibility. They are also more likely than men to leave work even if they are not yet eligible to collect a pension. The effect of education is not as straightforward for women as for men: women with the lowest and with the highest levels of education are more likely to continue to work than men with the same educational attainment. Policies to prolong people's working lives may thus have a different impact on each gender.

15

Le parti que j’ai pris d’écrire et de me cacher

88%

Louichon B.

Annales Neophilologiarum

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2009

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issue 3

37-49

EN

“The plan I have adopted of writing and retirement, is what exactly suits me” Rousseau says in Les Confessions. Writing and retirement are two conjugated actions that make up the peculiarity of the lonesome writer. Each of these actions originates from two special moments of Rousseau’s life. He begins to write after “l’illumination de Vincennes” whereas his retirement occurs via the “réforme”, operated by the writer after his fi rst literary successes. This paper analyses Rousseau’s texts in which these two moments are evoked, representing the foundation of his poetics. These four texts are the Lettres à Malesherbes, (1762), the Confessions (1766–1767, fi rst part; 1772–1776, second part), the Dialogues (1772–1776), and the Rêveries (1676–1678).

PL

„Powziąłem postanowienie pisania i przejścia na emeryturę – to dokładnie to, czego mi trzeba”, pisze Rousseau w Les Confessions [Wyznaniach]. Pisanie i przejście na emeryturę to dwie powiązane ze sobą czynności, które składają się na osobliwość tego samotniczego pisarza. Każda z tych czynności ma swoje źródło w dwóch szczególnych momentach w życiu Rousseau. Pisanie rozpoczyna po l’illumination de Vincennes, podczas gdy jego odejście na emeryturę ma miejsce poprzez réforme, wprowadzoną przez pisarza po jego pierwszych sukcesach literackich. W niniejszym artykule przeprowadzono analizę tekstów Rousseau, w których przywołane zostały dwa powyższe momenty, stanowiące podstawę jego poetyki. Te cztery teksty to: Lettres à Malesherbes (1762), Les Confessions [Wyznania] (1766–1767, część pierwsza; 1772–1776, część druga), Dialogues [Dialogi] (1772–1776) i Ręveries (1676–1678).

16

Dodatkowe zabezpieczenie emerytalne młodych Polaków

88%

Rutecka-Góra J., Pieńkowska-Kamieniecka S.

Studia BAS

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2023

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issue 3(75)

55-78

EN

The aim of the article is to assess the level of pension security and retirement readiness of young adults (under 30) in Poland. The forms of supplementary pension security used by young adults were analysed, and the level of their participation in supplementary pension plans was examined. Following the introduction, the first section presents the architecture of the old-age pension system in Poland. The second section focuses on young people’s participation level in supplementary pension plans and their savings goals. The next section presents the results of the research on the financial goals and adequacy of respondents’ retirement planning based on OECD/INFE survey data. The last part discusses and concludes the results of the study. The survey found that young adults are not taking enough action to reduce the expected retirement gap and are more likely to set financial goals and be more optimistic about their retirement planning than older adults. They are more likely to rely on their own savings and supplementary retirement security, which, however, is not supported by data on the level of participation in supplementary retirement plans. Only one in five young adults intends to continue working past retirement age.

17

The role of financial literacy in retirement investment choice

88%

Nguyen T. A. N., Polách J., Vozňáková I.

Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy

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2019

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vol. 14

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issue 4

569-589

EN

Research background: Preparation for retirement is a major concern for the people in the workforce as they have to encounter considerable difficulties in making the right investment decisions for their retirement. Purpose of the article: This research extends the literature on personal finance by investigating the impact of both financial literacy levels and pension knowledge on employees? investment choice decision for their retirement, while in previous literature the role of these factors has mainly been explored separately. Methods: To conduct the research, a survey questionnaire was applied to collect data in three main regions of Vietnam comprising Northern, Central and Southern Vietnam. Data collection was made in 2018, in which 427 valid questionnaires were used for data analysis from 700 questionnaires. Two estimation methods are employed for analysis in this study, including a linear probability model (LPM) and two-stage least squares (2SLS) model. The findings of this research remain significant after the Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS) regression model is used as an estimation technique to eliminate potential bias caused by endogenous problems. Finding & Value added: The results show that basic financial literacy level and pension knowledge are principal factors which significantly increase the probability of exercising retirement investment choice of employees, while advanced financial literacy level factor has a significant effect on choosing growth investing options for their retirement. Further, this research finds that there is no correlation between employees? financial risk tolerance and their retirement investment choice. Furthermore, the study proposes and offers new evidence that pension knowledge is a decisive factor providing employees with encouragement to exercise retirement investment choice and those who consult with financial advisors tend to take part in growth investing option.

18

W sprawie powoływania członków Krajowej Rady Sądownictwa

88%

Karolczak J. M.

Przegląd Sejmowy

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2018

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issue 2(145)

146–153

EN

The opinion refers to two problems: Can a judge delegated to the Ministry of Justice be a member of the National Council of the Judiciary? Can a retired judge be a member of the National Council of the Judiciary? As regards the fi rst issue, the author points to the fact that a judge delegated to the Ministry of Justice is still a judge, although s/he does not pass judgments, and the act on the National Council of the Judiciary does not condition the admissibility to run for the position of its member thereon, but on having the status of a judge. Hence, a judge delegated to the Ministry of Justice may be a candidate to the National Council of the Judiciary. As regards retired judges, they may not be candidates to the National Council of the Judiciary, as they do not hold offices (are not in service); retirement results primarily in the removal of the judicial power, as well as particular corporate rights and obligations. The jurisprudence of both the Supreme Court and the Constitutional Tribunal defi nes the essence of retirement, recognizing a retired person as “inactive” in the sphere of the holding an offi ce. It is emphasized in the literature that judges nominated to the National Council of the Judiciary must be elected “from among judges”. It stems therefrom that they must be persons holding positions of a judge within a given category of courts and that nominating a retired judge is inadmissible. In addition, as regards members of the Council who retire or are moved into retirement during the term, their mandates expire before the end of the term, which manifests the legislator’s will for the positions of members of the National Council of the Judiciary not to be fi lled by retired judges

19

Wyznaczniki jakości życia u osób w wieku emerytalnym

88%

Pasik M., UŁ I. P.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Psychologica

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2005

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vol. 09

EN

This article presents studies on the determinants of the quality of life in people over the expected retirement age. Influence of health, Big Five personality dimensions, sense of coherence, purpose in life, activity and dwelling-place on the quality of life among the elders have been discussed. The separate chapter presents the retirement transition and additional factors that can affect life satisfaction in this period of life. Differences between the results of the presented studies indicate the necessity of further research into this subject taking into consideration the interaction between characteristics of a person and situational variables and both affective and cognitive aspects of quality of life.

20

Znaczenie pracy zawodowej dla osób po 60. roku życia

87%

Pikuła N. G.

Studia Edukacyjne

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2017

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issue 44

301-315

EN

The paper presents the results of research related to the importance of occupational work for retired people. Secondary data analysis was used. The results of the study were presented in two perspectives: the importance of work during the working life and after retirement age and retirement.

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Rola byłych funkcjonariuszy komunistycznych służb specjalnych w cywilnym wywiadzie i kontrwywiadzie Polski i Czech w latach 1989– 2018

Indywidualne konta emerytalne – siedem chudych lat

Factors Influencing the Decision of Whether to Retire or Extend One’s Employment

System emerytalny w kraju karteli — przypadek Kolumbii

INTRODUCTION. TRANSITION INTO RETIREMENT IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE

THE EFFECT OF RETIREMENT ON PERCEIVED WELL-BEING IN HUNGARY

Economic activity of Polish pensioners in the light of quantitative research

Old-age pension systems’ reforms in Germany, Greece and France – a social citizenship perspective

Poczucie koherencji a zadowolenie z życia u kobiet i mężczyzn na emeryturze

Personality Traits and Subjective Health in Retirement Age – The Role of Personal Resources