Search results

1

Legal dispute over the constitutionality of polish regulations and their effects after the amendment of he provision on reaching the retirement age by the judges of the polish supreme court

100%

Świątkowski A. M.

The Lawyer Quarterly

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2019

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vol. 9

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issue 3

185-196

EN

The Constitution of the Republic of Poland clearly states in article 180 (1) that “Judges are irremovable”. Irremovability, next to independence, is a guarantee of impartiality of courts, defined in the Constitution of the Republic of Poland as “a separate authority, independent of other authorities” (Article 173). The previous Act on the Supreme Court of 23 November 2002 also established the rule of retirement of a judge after reaching 70 years of age. On 4 July 2018, the Act of 8 December 2017 on the Supreme Court came into force. It lowers by five years the age at which judges of the Supreme Court retire (leave service) (Article 37 § 1). The age after reaching which there occurs an automatic - at the will of the legislature - change in the status of the judge from active status to the state of non-performance of duties may be legitimately called a “retirement age”. The executive and political power again obtained legally accepted influence on the selection of judges. This scenario is again being implemented by the currently ruling political party and state authorities, legislative and executive

2

Secondary Professional Activity in the Labour Market Pensioners

100%

Łuczka W., Jabłońska-Porzuczek L.

Optimum. Studia Ekonomiczne

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2014

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vol. 5(71)

EN

A pension is a benefit of cash character, which aim is to secure the material existence in the period, in which an individual, regarding to age is not able to perform work. In order to gain the entitlement, one should meet defined conditions, having met which the choice of the moment of retirement is made by the entitled person. A person at retirement age may fully spend their time resting resigning from professional activity, may also continue work, postponing retirement or combine receiving benefits with professional work. The aim of the paper is to analyse the occurrence of secondary professional activity as well as factors determining the undertaking of employment in the period of receiving benefit. The conducted research shows that the responders relatively earlier exercised their right to a pension and average age of responders’ retirement amounted to 59 years. However, gaining entitlement to a pension did not caused responders’ withdrawal from the labour market and over half of them combined receiving benefits with professional work. The undertaking of the professional activity was conditioned by responders’ financial situation.

3

PREDICTED IMPACTS OF PENSION REFORM ON THE LABOUR MARKET IN POLAND

100%

Urbaniak B.

Studia Humanistyczne AGH

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2014

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vol. 13

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issue 4

EN

Pension system reforms increasing retirement age and accentuating citizens’ individual responsibility for the amounts of their future pensions have effects on labour markets. This article provides an analysis of factors determining the interest of employees over 50, and even those over 45, in continued employment, as well as of relevant compulsion and risk factors. Some of the discussion deals with the assumptions underlying the Polish pension system reform and its likely effect on longer working lives. A hypothesis is formulated that for older employees to continue employment, working conditions must improve, as the responses of both older employees and their employers reveal insufficient sensitivity to the need to adapt the conditions to the capabilities of an ageing workforce. Yet, even if the necessary measures are taken, occupational stratification leading to the emergence of age-segmented labour market with low-skilled, precarious, and part-time jobs is unavoidable. The article is partly based on the results of a survey that a University of Łódź team conducted for the project Diagnosis of the current situation of women and men aged 50+ on the labour market in Poland, funded by the European Social Fund.

4

Expectations of older workers regarding their exit from the labour market and its realization

100%

Pertold F., Federičová M.

Central European Economic Journal

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2022

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vol. 9

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issue 56

93-112

EN

The objective of the paper is to analyse the labour market behaviour of older workers, specifically cross-country differences in expectations regarding the exit from the labour market and subsequent realization. Using longitudinal Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) data and econometric analysis, we provide an international comparison of the situation of older workers in the Czech Republic with the other countries of Europe. The data show that although expectations about work activity at the age of 63 are quite similar in the Czech Republic from an international perspective, the work activity realized differs significantly between the Czech Republic and other countries. Our principal finding is that the Czech Republic has a high rate of unexpected retirements compared to all other European countries included in this analysis, even if we control for the socioeconomic background of respondents. The econometric analyses further show that up to about one-third of this difference can be explained by the lower retirement age set by the institutional environment in the Czech Republic, which is anticipated by employees at preretirement age. Conversely, the health status of older workers, and even the different allocation of employees to physically demanding occupations, does not have a significant impact on these cross-country differences in unexpected retirements.

5

Intention to continue professional work after reaching retirement age and its determinants

100%

Olejnik I.

Econometrics. Ekonometria. Advances in Applied Data Analytics

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2017

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issue 2 (56)

28-41

EN

In recent years, discussions concerning retirement age have focused mainly on its extension. The rise of interest in this issue is caused by demographic changes and the resulting problems faced by the system of retirement provision. Apart from increasing retirement pension premiums or decreasing the replacement rate, regular extending the retirement age is one of the ways of balancing the difference between the proceeds from premiums and the obligation to pay pensions. In view of the above, the aim of this article is to specify the factors influencing the intention to continue professional work after reaching retirement age (these intentions are measured by means of expectations towards the amount of money acquired for work continued in retirement). These determinants were identified by comparing the results obtained by means of two methods: linear regression and logistic regression. The article includes the results of representative survey studies carried out in 2014 in Poland on a randomised sample of 1163 households. The results of the study suggest that the determinants of the continuation of professional work after reaching retirement age include, in particular: age, education, occupation, household status, state of health, the perceived “proper age” to start saving up additionally for retirement and relations with children. The article was written within the research project by National Science Centre “Saving Practices and Financial Pension Security in Households – Determinants, Attitudes, Models” (No. UMO- 2012/05/B/HS4/04183).

6

Problematyka aktywizacji zawodowej w świetle podwyższonego wieku emerytalnego

100%

Klimkiewicz A., Uniwersytet Łódzki; Wydział Ekonomiczno-Socjologiczny; Instytut Finansów

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica

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2012

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vol. 274

EN

Poland is one of the European countries undergoing intensive legal and economic changes (increased retirement age, changes in the labour market) aimed at reducing the negative consequences of population aging and shrinking labour force. The changes in the demographic structure, as evidenced by low birth rate and increasing life expectancy are causing increased pressure on public pension expenditures. Implementation of the procedures intended to increase the retirement age requires obligatory coordination with the measures taken by the state in the area of labour market to support economic activity of individuals within the pre-retirement age bracket. This translates into the need to make the best use of the existing labour market instruments, employment services, and to support effective cooperation between labour market participants – mainly employers, but prospective employees as well.

7

Społeczne konsekwencje podwyższenia wieku emerytalnego kobiet

88%

Klimkiewicz A.

Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym

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2013

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vol. 16

259-269

EN

The subject matter of the study is an analysis of the social consequences of increasing the retirement age of women up to 67 years. The discussion on the change in the retirement age is usually focused on its economic and financial aspects, hence a deeper scientific analysis is needed in relation to the social repercussions of this operation. The main subjects of the study are as follows: maintenance of equality tendencies in relation to the principles of social justice, changes in the social structure manifested especially on the labour market, social expectations as to employment security for those approaching retirement and development of flexible forms of working, development of incentives encouraging employers to keep current staff or hire new employees of older age, and changes in social roles.

8

Zmiany w polskim systemie emerytalnym w świetle Białej Księgi: "Agenda na rzecz adekwatnych, bezpiecznych i stabilnych emerytur"

75%

Bielawska K.

Optimum. Studia Ekonomiczne

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2014

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vol. 1(67)

PL

Celem artykułu było znalezienie odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy zmiany w polskim systemie emerytalnym w zakresie warunków nabywania uprawnień emerytalnych, których implementacja rozpoczęła się z początkiem 2013 roku, są spójne z wytycznymi przedstawionymi w Białej Księdze: Agenda na rzecz adekwatnych, bezpiecznych i stabilnych emerytur. Jak wynika z przeprowadzonych badań, stopniowe podwyższenie wieku emerytalnego dla kobiet i mężczyzn od 2013 roku będzie sprzyjało podwyższeniu efektywnego wieku emerytalnego, który w Polsce nadal jest relatywnie niski. Natomiast wprowadzenie nowego rodzaju świadczenia, to jest emerytury częściowej, która może stanowić przejściowo „dodatek” do płacy do momentu osiągnięcia podwyższonego wieku emerytalnego, jest sprzeczne z wytycznymi Białej Księgi w zakresie adekwatności emerytur i może przyczynić się do wzrostu ryzyka ubóstwa wśród przyszłych emerytów.

EN

The paper aims to answer the question of whether the changes in the Polish pension system regarding the conditions of old-age pension entitlements, the implementation of which started at the beginning of 2013, are consistent with the guidelines set out in the document entitled "White Paper: An Agenda for Adequate, Safe and Sustainable Pensions". The research outcomes show that the gradual increase in the retirement age for men and women started in 2013 will be consistent with the aim of raising the effective retirement age, which in Poland is still relatively low. However, the introduction of a new type of benefit, a “partial old-age pension”, which can be temporarily used to supplement pay until the increased retirement age is reached, is contrary to the guidelines of the White Paper as regards the adequacy of pensions, and may contribute to higher risk of poverty among future retirees.

9

Demografia i czas aktywności zawodowej: co to jest „właściwy” wiek emerytalny?

75%

Börsch-Supan A.

Ubezpieczenia Społeczne. Teoria i praktyka

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2018

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issue 1/2018 TOM I

49-58

PL

Wiek emerytalny nie powinien być wartością stałą, ale dostosowaną do sytuacji demograficznej społeczeństwa i finansowej systemu emerytalnego. Jednocześnie jednak powinien odpowiadać różnorodności obywateli i ich warunków życiowych, zdrowia i możliwości kontynuowania pracy, co uzasadnia stwierdzenie, że nie może być to wiek dla wszystkich jednakowy. Autor opracowania szuka kompromisu między rozbieżnymi interesami poszczególnych grup społecznych i odpowiada na pytanie, czy „właściwy” wiek emerytalny to właściwe sformułowanie.

EN

The retirement age should not be a constant value, but adjusted to the demographic situation of society and the finances of the pension system. On the other hand, at the same time, it should correspond to the diversity of citizens and their living conditions, health and the possibility of continuing work, which justifies the statement that it cannot be an equal age for all. The author of the study seeks a compromise between the diverging interests of particular social groups and answers the question as to whether an „appropriate” retirement age is the right wording.

10

Uwarunkowania prawne podwyższenia wieku emerytalnego

75%

Babińska-Górecka R.

Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne

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2013

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vol. LXXXIX (89)

11-31

EN

This study concerns the legal aspects of increasing the retirement age in Poland. It adopts the assumption that from a legal point of view raising the retirement age is changing the scope of using the legal norm as the basis for entitlement to a pension, or change in legal classification of the effects of past events relevant to the rights acquired or purchased. According to the author, such a change as constituting a potential object of particular protection of legal classification of these events should be assessed from the point of view of development rights derived from the rule of democratic state of law. The article therefore attempts to evaluate the legal regulation of increasing the retirement age in the context of its impact on situations of the insured with are shaped by the current legal regime. This area of study focuses on determining whether the new regulations interfere with the social position of the insured shaped to such an extent that in the light of the Constitutional Court and the views of doctrine may be subject of protection under the principle of acquired rights. The remainder of this paper assesses the changes from the point of view that the principle of citizens’ trust in the state and its laws is maintained and respect that the requirement for nonarbitrariness for the adoption of criteria for changing the law. The article closes with more general observations about the importance of the decision about increasing the retirement age for the assessment of the implementation of postulate of entirely of employees insurance. In this regard, the article also includes general observations regarding the location of the new benefits, which is a partial pension, in the system of social security benefits, defined as benefits compensating the effects of disability or inability of its provision (social risk).

11

DYLAMATY STANOWIENIA WIEKU EMERYTALNEGO

75%

Pacud R.

Polityka Społeczna

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2016

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vol. 43

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issue 2(503)

2-8

EN

Determining of retirement age should fulfill different assumptions. It is possible to consider these assumptions in relation to dilemmas which should be resolve by the state and finally result in change of legal regulation. The goal of the article is to present such dilemmas and the ways of solving it by the legislature, mostly within the 11th May 2012 Bill of law, which is effecting gradual increasing the retirement age to 67 years and making him equal for men and women. The literature of social policy, economic and the law of social security has been elaborated in the article. The most interesting issues were collected into the determined sequence, which should be considered in the process of constituting the retirement age. In this article it is mentioned how contemporary conditioning influence to way of solving dilemmas that concern: the scale of increasing the retirement age, the scope (subjective) of standardizing the retirement age, and time necessary to implementing changes. The article is the presentation of issues of the change of the retirement age in the universal.

PL

Wyznaczenie wieku powinno uwzględniać różne przesłanki. Przesłanki te można rozpatrywać w ramach dylematów, przed którymi staje państwo zmieniające regulacje wieku emerytalnego w prawie. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie dylematów oraz sposobu ich rozwiązania przez ustawodawcę, głównie w ustawie z dnia 11 maja 2012 r. która dokonuje stopniowego podwyższenia wieku emerytalnego do 67 lat oraz jego zrównania dla mężczyzn i kobiet. W artykule posłużono się badaniami literatury z zakresu polityki społecznej, ekonomii i prawa zabezpieczenia społecznego, a następnie, ubogacając naukowe ustalenia, zebrano je w określoną sekwencję rozpatrywaną w procesie stanowienia wieku emerytalnego. Przytoczono współczesne uwarunkowania wpływające na sposób rozwiązania dylematów skali podwyższania wieku emerytalnego, dylematu zakresu (podmiotowego) ujednolicania wieku oraz czasu wprowadzania zmian. Artykuł stanowi próbę prezentacji zagadnień zmiany wieku emerytalnego w ujęciu uniwersalnym.

12

DEFICYT FINANSÓW EMERYTALNYCH W POLSCE I JEGO PODŁOŻE

75%

Bednarczyk T. H., Raszewski M.

Polityka Społeczna

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2017

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vol. 44

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issue 10(523)

13–19

EN

Social insurances, including old-age insurances, are an instrument of state policy. The intergenerational redistribution of income demonstrates its action, and the main principle of their functioning is based on social solidarity, not on the economic calculation. The pension fund deficit is a natural consequence of the imbalance of pension incomes and pension expenditures and is automatically covered by the state budget. Retirement pension finances in Poland are characterized by permanent financial imbalances. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the size of the pension fund deficit in the years 1999–2016 and the most important factors influencing it. An additional goal is the attempt to identify the impact of the recent reduction in retirement age on the size of this deficit in next years. The main research method consist of literature studies (domestic and foreign) as well as analysis of statistical data. It was concluded that the current and projected deficit volume, despite a steady upward trend, should not pose a threat to budget stability and economic growth. The ratio of the pension fund deficit to the Gross Domestic Product remains at the stable and acceptable level.

PL

Ubezpieczenia społeczne, w tym emerytalne są instrumentem polityki państwa. Ich efektem jest międzypokoleniowa redystrybucja dochodów, a główna zasada ich funkcjonowania opiera się na solidarności społecznej, a nie na rachunku ekonomicznym. Deficyt funduszu emerytalnego jest naturalną konsekwencją niezbilansowania dochodów i wydatków emerytalnych i jest automatycznie pokrywany z budżetu państwa. Finanse emerytalne w Polsce charakteryzują się permanentną nierównowagą finansową. Głównym celem artykułu jest analiza rozmiarów deficytu funduszu ubezpieczeń emerytalnych w latach 1999–2016 oraz najważniejszych czynników go kształtujących. Celem dodatkowym jest określenie wpływu ostatniego obniżenia wieku emerytalnego na rozmiary tego deficytu w kolejnych latach. Główna metoda badawcza to studia literatury krajowej i zagranicznej oraz analiza danych statystycznych. W konkluzji końcowej stwierdzono, że obecna i prognozowana wielkość deficytu, mimo stałej tendencji wzrostowej, nie powinna stanowić zagrożenia dla stabilności budżetu i wzrostu gospodarczego. Stosunek deficytu funduszu emerytalnego do Produktu Krajowego Brutto pozostaje na stabilnym i akceptowalnym poziomie.

13

Przyczyny kryzysu ubezpieczeń emerytalnych we współczesnym świecie na przykładzie Polski

75%

Kietlińska K.

Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia

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2018

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vol. 52

|

issue 1

EN

The paper discusses the problem of the socio-demographic changes in the modern world. They consist mailnly decreasing birth rate and increasing number of people in retirement age. These changes have a negative impact on the pension system. The main problem discussed in this paper concerns the impact of these negative trends on the pension system in Poland in the context of the decrease of the retirement age from 67 years for all citizens to 60 years for women and 65 years for men, which is planned to enter into force on 1 October, 2017.

PL

W artykule podjęto problem zmian społeczno-demograficznych we współczesnym świecie. Polegają one m.in. na obniżeniu wskaźnika dzietności i wzroście liczby osób w wieku poprodukcyjnym. Te zmiany wpływają negatywnie na system emerytalny. Główny problem podjęty w artykule dotyczy wpływu tychnegatywnych tendencji na system emerytalny w Polsce w kontekście obniżenia od 1 października 2017 r. wieku emerytalnego z 67 lat do 60 lat dla kobiet i 65 lat dla mężczyzn.

14

Wiek emerytalny: uzasadnione zróżnicowanie czy przejaw dyskryminacji? Uwagi na tle ewolucji orzecznictwa Trybunału Konstytucyjnego

75%

Jaskulska J.

Roczniki Administracji i Prawa

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2021

|

vol. specjalny II

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issue XXI

537-547

EN

The article deals with the issue of the differentiation of the retirement age in the Polish pension system. As part of it, the reasons for the differentiation of the retirement age among women and men were analyzed, as well as the justification for its continued maintenance in the pension system. The considerations primarily take into account the evolution of the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Tribunal in this area and non-national regulations. Attention was also drawn to the doubts that may arise from the differentiation of the retirement age in the context of the inequalities observed against this background, and stressed the need for constant monitoring of the circumstances supporting the differentiation of the situation of women and men in this respect.

PL

Artykuł porusza zagadnienie zróżnicowania wieku emerytalnego w polskim systemie emerytalnym. W jego ramach przeanalizowano m.in. przyczyny zróżnicowania wieku emerytalnego wśród kobiet i mężczyzn oraz zasadność jego dalszego utrzymania w systemie emerytalnym. W rozważaniach uwzględniono przede wszystkim ewolucję orzecznictwa Trybunału Konstytucyjnego w tym obszarze oraz regulacje pozakrajowe. Zwrócono również uwagę na wątpliwości, jakie może budzić zróżnicowanie wieku emerytalnego w kontekście obserwowanych na tym tle nierówności oraz podkreślono konieczność stałego monitorowania okoliczności przemawiających za zróżnicowaniem sytuacji kobiet i mężczyzn w tym zakresie.

15

Aktywność zawodowa w okresie starości w opiniach przedstawicielek dwóch pokoleń

75%

Thel K.

Społeczeństwo i Edukacja. Międzynarodowe Studia Humanistyczne

|

2015

|

issue 2(17)

67-77

EN

Demographic changes seen in Europe represent the challenge for social protection system and for the job market. In most countries of European Union we can see a clear tendency to increase retirement age. In our country breaking the reluctance towards the attempts of increasing retirement age appears to be difficult, and only a small percentage of employees decide to continue their professional career after coming to retirement age. The aim of research was to deepen the diagnosis concerning the phenomenon of low professional activity of women being at retirement age by looking into intergeneration differenc- es. Results shows negative attitude to the idea of professional activity in the old age, which is motivated mainly by health problems, labor market conditions and women’s double burden.

16

Polityka przedłużania aktywności zawodowej osób starszych

75%

Adamiec J.

Studia BAS

|

2012

|

issue 2(30)

151-168

EN

This article is devoted to the question of retaining people that reached retirement age on labour market, what is essential for European economies in the light of ongoing demographic changes. This paper begins with an analysis of regulations on retirement age in EU member states. Then, the author examines why the rate of the older population aged 50–64 that are working in Poland is one of the lowest among OECD countries. In the last section the author focuses on various measures directed at enabling senior citizens to continue working, including government programs.

17

Occupational composition of an economy and effective retirement age across European countries: an econometric analysis

75%

CHYBALSKI F.

Operations Research and Decisions

|

2022

|

vol. 32

|

issue 3

65-79

EN

In this study, panel regression models for 21 European countries and data covering the period between 2008 and 2014 were used to demonstrate that the distribution of working population across different occupational groups explains cross-country differences in terms of the average effective retirement age. Thus, while the great majority of previous studies verified the causal trade-off investigated on the basis of single-country micro data with reference to one economy, this study takes perspective of cross-country diversity in terms of the investigated relationship. The confirmed link holds even when controlling inter alia for health status, education, unemployment, old-dependency ratio, interest rate, GDP per capita, or the share of salaries and wages in GDP. An important practical implication for the policy-makers is that decisions limited only to the increase in the universal pensionable age cannot be effective, since the occupational composition of an economy is very relevant.

18

Zmiana granicy wieku emerytalnego jako element racjonalizacji wydatków emerytalnych

75%

Klimkiewicz A., Uniwersytet Łódzki K. U.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica

|

2013

|

vol. 296

EN

It is part of the social and economic policy to gradually raise the retirement age up to 67 years for both genders, aimed at reduction of effects of unfavourable changes in the age structure of the society, and staving off the crisis of public finances. The raised retirement age should imply gradual increase of social insurance funds based on pension contributions, and rein in expenses on benefits paid. Because of quite a long time frame, it is difficult to say whether or not the raised retirement age will be a success. Therefore, in order to make the reform successful it is necessary to carry out concurrent actions concerning education, health protection, labour market, etc. It is vital to take effective measures in the social and economic sphere aimed at providing older employees with workplaces that would motivate them to remain professionally active for longer. If such circumstances in the countryʼs social and economic policy were overlooked, the success of the age raising itself would be at risk, and it might produce some adverse effects like increased unemployment rates, especially among employees at the pre-retirement age.

PL

Stopniowe podwyższanie wieku emerytalnego do poziomu 67 lat dla obu płci stanowi element polityki społeczno-gospodarczej mającej na celu niwelowanie skutków mało korzystnych przemian w strukturze wiekowej społeczeństwa oraz powstrzymanie kryzysu finansów publicznych. Podniesienie wieku emerytalnego ma oznaczać stopniowy wzrost dochodów funduszy ubezpieczeń społecznych z tytułu składki emerytalnej i utrzymanie w ryzach wydatków na rzecz realizacji świadczeń. Z uwagi na daleką dość perspektywę, trudno przesądzać o powodzeniu i jednoznacznych skutkach społecznych i ekonomicznych podniesienia wieku. W związku z tym, zapewniając powodzenie reformy, należy również prowadzić kompleksowe działania towarzyszące w zakresie edukacji, ochrony zdrowia, rynku pracy, itd. Istotne jest dokonanie efektywnych działań w sferze społeczno-gospodarczej mających na celu zapewnienie miejsc pracy dla dojrzałych pracowników oraz mobilizujących tych ostatnich do dłuższej aktywności zawodowej. Pominięcie tych okoliczności w polityce społeczno-ekonomicznej kraju zagraża realizacji celów samego podwyższenia wieku emerytalnego, jak również może wywołać zjawiska niepożądane, np. wzrost liczby bezrobotnych, zwłaszcza w grupie pracowników w wieku przedemerytalnym.

19

Możliwość wydłużania aktywności zawodowej w Polsce w świetle opinii kobiet w wieku około emerytalnym

75%

Thel K., Akademia Sztuk Pięknych w Warszawie

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica

|

2013

|

vol. 291

EN

Demographic changes seen in Europe represent the challenge for social protection system and for the job market. The increasing number of pensioners results not only from ageing population, but also from the privileges for pensioners existing in our country. A proposal to lengthen the retirement age of citizens seems to be right in the light of forecasts concerning the pace of the society ageing process and its consequences for the labour market, pension system and the social protection, but majority of polish society is against (around 80%). Because of lower salaries, breaks in job activity caused by family responsibilities and shorter period of job activity, women are group of risk of poverty in old age. In my research I deal with possibilities to lengthen women’ activity on the labour market concerning following factors: individual history of professional activity, family status, education, competence, work-life balance. My own research model includes deepened interviews with 50-65 years old women, who share the experience of being a mother of a grown up daugther.

PL

Zmiany demograficzne obserwowane w Europie stanowią wyzwanie dla rynku pracy, a także dla systemu zabezpieczenia społecznego, w szczególności systemu emerytalnego. Rosnąca ilość emerytów związane jest nie tylko ze wzrostem udziału osób w wieku poprodukcyjnym w strukturze społeczeństwa, ale również z nierealizowaniem reform związanych z ograniczaniem przywilejów emerytalnych. W większości krajów Unii Europejskiej wyraźna jest tendencja do podnoszenia wieku emerytalnego. Od niedawna publiczna debata w tej sprawie ma miejsce również w Polsce. Wszystko to dzieje się w sytuacji, kiedy zdecydowana większość społeczeństwa (około 80%) jest nieprzychylna propozycji wydłużania formalnych ram aktywności zawodowej. Specyfika sytuacji kobiet na rynku pracy związana jest m.in. z niższym przeciętnym poziomem wynagrodzeń, barierami systemowymi oraz przerwami w aktywności zawodowej spowodowanych realizacją obowiązków rodzinnych. Wszystko to w połączeniu z krótszym całkowitym okresem pracy zawodowej sprawia, kobiety są grupą szczególnie zagrożoną ubóstwem w okresie starości. Zadaniem niniejszej pracy jest zaprezentowanie wyników badań związanych z możliwością wydłużania aktywności zawodowej kobiet w Polsce. Model badań własnych obejmuje wywiady pogłębione z kobietami znajdującymi się w późnej fazie aktywności zawodowej – pomiędzy pięćdziesiątym a sześćdziesiątym piątym rokiem życia, a które łączy wspólne doświadczenie bycia matka dorosłej córki.

20

Obniżenie wieku emerytalnego w Polsce. Implikacje dla kobiet w sferze rynku pracy

75%

Klimkiewicz A.

Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym

|

2017

|

vol. 20

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issue 2

131-144

EN

The subject of the publication is the analysis of the situation of women in the labour market in terms of lowering the retirement age. The reinstatement of quite a low retirement age threshold which makes women eligible for retirement indicates a change in their position in the area of employment. Manipulating the retirement age is a basic instrument of influence on pension schemes and the formation of human resources for labour markets in European countries, the latter affected by the ageing of the population. A dominant trend is to raise the age limit in order to increase manpower resources and to cut back public expenditure on benefits. Without a doubt, the lowering of the retirement age in Poland will have a number of socioeconomic consequences, which will include an outflow of women from the labour market, and a depletion of manpower resources, which in turn may result in lessened migratory pressure. However, the thesis can be advanced that the amount of benefits received, due to a shorter input period, will arouse a greater interest in the option of combining benefit receipt with gainful employment. The solutions adopted in this respect will not only impact the situation of women, but other social groups as well, which will be clearly visible in the response from the labour market.

PL

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