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EN
In the course of preliminary research, the author managed to locate most of the engravings by artists associated with the Dresden court: Oluf Wif, Johann August Corvinus and Carl Heinrich Jacob Fehling, whose work drew thematically on the reverses of the medals which commemorated the Festivaof the Planets in Dresden. These finds are the main subject of interest in this paper. The compositional relationship between medallic art and engraving is, in most cases, indisputable. It should be noted, however, that the medallist, having to reproduce a much larger engraving on a medal disc, was compelled to reduce many details that the engraver had so meticulously captured. Nevertheless, the inspiration with the engraving yielded works which are unique and extraordinary in terms of expression and content.
EN
The chief aim of this paper is to acquaint the reader with three medallic pieces showing Jan III Sobieski, whilst trying to answer what kind of propaganda they may have served. The author provides an iconographic analysis and comparisons with other depictions in medals, graphic arts, sculpture, and handicraft.
EN
In the article, the author describes in detail two selected pieces of art which bear considerable resemblance to the medal minted by Georg Hautsch. As the author observes, no representation in the entire painterly and graphic legacy of associated with Jan III Sobieski offers an direct prototype on which the medallist may have relied. It should therefore be suspected that the royal likeness on the obverse was based on several earlier representations in graphic arts or was an original project by Hautsch. Nonetheless, the features of the king were rendered in accordance with historical truth, as evidenced by anatomical details and salient features, such as Sobieski's moustache depicted in most of the realistic royal portraits. Therefore,  it would not be legitimate to claim that Sobieski was commemorated on the basis of a likeness of another European ruler.
PL
In the article, the author describes in detail two selected pieces of art which bear considerable resemblance to the medal minted by Georg Hautsch. As the author observes, no representation in the entire painterly and graphic legacy of associated with Jan III Sobieski offers a direct prototype on which the medallist may have relied. It should therefore be suspected that the royal likeness on the obverse was based on several earlier representations in graphic arts or constituted an original project by Hautsch.
EN
The author of the article discusses in depth ten works of art (prints, numismatic pieces, sculptures) which demonstrate iconographic consistency with the obverse or reverse of the said medal. As the author argues, the medallionist sought both to reflect current events in Cracow and commemorate the beginning of the propitious reign of Jan III Sobieski and Maria Kazimiera, which would benefit the people of the Commonwealth (bear fruits), which is why he used well-known representations from 17th-century compendia of emblems as well as 16th- and 17th-century coinage and medals.
EN
The article presents a detailed analysis of six examples of historic items representing similar themes. The author showed that the artistic composition depicted on the reverse face of the medal was inspired by mythological motifs, even though the crucial objective of its emission was the praise of Jan III Sobieski’s triumphant victory of the Ottoman Empire in the siege of Vienna on 12 September 1683. In the European iconography of the 17th century, the above-mentioned motif was repeatedly used, among others, by artists working on the courts and houses of foreign nobility.
PL
Tematem artykułu jest szczegółowa analiza sześciu przykładów obiektów zabytkowych reprezentujących zbliżoną tematykę. Autor wykazał, iż wygląd kompozycji artystycznej rewersu inspirowany był treściami mitologicznymi mimo, iż zasadniczym celem emisji medalu była gloryfikacja Jana III Sobieskiego jako triumfatora potęgi osmańskiej pod Wiedniem – 12 września 1683 roku. W ikonografii europejskiej doby XVII wieku wspomniany motyw był wykorzystywany wielokrotnie m.in. przez artystów działających na obcych dworach.
EN
The aim of the analysis of Theodosius’ II solid was to determine the chemical compounds of the coin alloy and to conduct a traseological analysis. The results show that the fineness of gold of which the coin was made was very high (obverse: 99,16% which means 23,8 karat gold and reverse of 99,20% which constitutes for the 23,81 karat gold), and the alloy metal was silver (0,65% and 0,62%). Traseological analysis has shown, that the hole in the lower part of the obverse, 2,1 mm in the diameter, was drilled with a very sharp, narrow, conical tool, the marks of which are still visible on the inside of the hole. Also, some traces of work concerning the coin’s die have been spotted. The engraving of the die was done gradually. Traces of consequent scratching with a graver are well visible both on the obverse and reverse. The character of places where sharp edges framing letters and some images are preserved serve proof of those being prepared with the use of a narrow, triangular-ended graver. All this suggests, that the maker of the die had a developed set of technical and artistic skills.
EN
The author of this article discusses a series of works of art which include medals, portrait engravings, paintings and emblems. In addition to a detailed analysis of Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki’s medallic legacy, the aim of this study was to find and describe those works of art that a medallist might have had contact with when undertaking commission from the king or his immediate circle. Identification of direct sources of inspiration for artists working in the 17th century, offers an answer the question of how Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki promoted his own undisputed political or military achievements.
PL
Autor artykułu pt. „Medale Michała Korybuta Wiśniowieckiego. Uwagi ikonograficzne” opisuje dwadzieścia osiem dzieł sztuki wśród których wymienić należy medale, ryciny portretowe, obrazy i emblematy. Celem niniejszej pracy, prócz szczegółowej analizy spuścizny medalierskiej pozostałej po Michale Korybucie Wiśniowieckim było odnalezienie i opisanie dzieł sztuki, z którymi mógł mieć styczność medalier podejmujący się wykonania medalu na zlecenie króla lub jego najbliższego otoczenia. Identyfikacja bezpośrednich źródeł inspiracji dla działających w XVII wieku artystów pozwoliła lepiej odpowiedzieć na pytanie, jak Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki propagował własne, bezsprzeczne osiągnięcia polityczne czy militarne.
EN
The author described four examples of works of art (medallions, graphics and paintings) related to the medal from 1683. The iconographic analysis of the title numismat in comparison with selected examples of works of art authorizes us to state that the imperial dispatcher immediately after September 12, 1683, in a similar manner, commemorated the war struggle at Vienna. Both on the reverse of the medal, by Wolrab of 1683 and on the copperplate drawn by an unknown from the second half of the seventeenth century and the painting Geffels painted after September 12, 1683, the same elements of the battle landscape as the Turkish tents and Vienna’s fortifications seen from a distance are an integral part. On the basis of the above analogies, however, it is impossible to determine which of the mentioned examples of works of art was created first and constituted an inspiration for the next ones. On the other hand, the form of glorification of the participating Christian rulers (with the exception of Leopold I Habsburg) in the war struggle near Vienna was later borrowed by Ermenegildo Hamerani. Undoubtedly, this proves that the Wolrab concept was very successful.
PL
Autor opisał cztery przykłady dzieł sztuki (medalierstwa, grafiki i malarstwa) mających związek z medalem pochodzącym z roku 1683. Analiza ikonograficzna tytułowego numizmatu w zestawieniu z wybranymi przykładami dzieł sztuki uprawnia do stwierdzenia, że dysponent cesarski bezpośrednio po 12 września 1683 r. w zbliżony do siebie sposób upamiętniał zmagania wojenne pod Wiedniem. Zarówno na rewersie medalu autorstwa Wolraba z 1683 r., jak i na miedziorycie sporządzonym przez nieznanego autora z drugiej połowy XVII w. oraz obrazie Geffelsa namalowanym po 12 września 1683 r. integralną część stanowią te same elementy krajobrazu bitewnego jak namioty tureckie i widziane z oddali fortyfikacje Wiednia. Na podstawie powyższych analogii nie sposób jednak rozstrzygnąć, które z wymienionych przykładów dzieł sztuki powstało jako pierwsze i stanowiło wzorzec dla kolejnych. Natomiast forma gloryfikacji władców chrześcijańskich uczestniczących (z wyjątkiem Leopolda I Habsburga) w zmaganiach wojennych pod Wiedniem została w późniejszym okresie zapożyczona przez Ermenegilda Hameraniego. Bez wątpienia świadczy to o tym, że koncepcja Wolraba cieszyła się sporym powodzeniem.
EN
The author describes sixteen examples of works of medal-making, painting, graphic and sculptural art related to the title medals. As the author shows, the aim of the medals described in the article was to justify the rights of the former Saxon elector to the Polish throne. The recipient, after even a cursory glance With the presented medal material, he could prove himself convinced of the excellent origin of August II and his ancestors (e.g. the medal, dated 1697 and signed on the obverse: C. W. [Christian Wermuth?]), the numerous qualities of the reigning Hercules (e.g. the medal by Georg Hautsch from 1697) or the heraldic connections between the Wettyn coat of arms and official emblems of the Crown and Lithuania (e.g. an unsigned medal from 1697). The author also distinguished and analysed in detail medals of heraldic, mythological-alegoric, emblematic and genealogical character. He also explained the reasons why in the preserved medallic legacy of Augustus II the medals on which the Saxon ruler was perpetuated prevailed in Western European costume, and not – as in the case of medal-making works carried out at the order of the Sobieski royal court – in the dress modelled on antiquity.
PL
Autor opisuje 16 przykładów dzieł sztuki medalierskiej, malarskiej, graficznej i rzeźbiarskiej mających związek z tytułowymi medalami. Jak wykazuje autor, podstawowym celem przekazu propagandowego wszystkich przedstawionych w artykule medali było uzasadnienie praw dotychczasowego elektora saskiego do tronu polskiego. Odbiorca po nawet pobieżnym zapoznaniu się z przedstawionym materiałem medalierskim mógł utwierdzić się w przekonaniu co do znakomitego pochodzenia Augusta II i jego antenatów (np. medal, datowany na 1697 rok i sygnowany na awersie: C. W. [Christian Wermuth?]), licznych przymiotów panującego utożsamianego z Herkulesem (np. medal autorstwa Georga Hautscha z 1697 r.) czy heraldycznych związków między herbem Wettynów a oficjalnymi emblematami Korony i Litwy (np. niesygnowany medal z 1697 r.). Autor ponadto wyodrębnił i szczegółowo przeanalizował medale o charakterze: heraldycznym, mitologiczno-alegorycznym, emblematycznym i genealogicznym. Wyjaśnił również powody, dla których w zachowanej spuściźnie medalierskiej po Auguście II przeważają medale, na których władca saski został utrwalony w stroju zachodnioeuropejskim, nie zaś – jak w przypadku prac medalierskich wykonywanych na rozkaz dworu królewskiego Sobieskich – w ubiorze wzorowanym na antycznym.
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