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1

Niemiecka klasa średnia wobec prawicowego ekstremizmu w świetle badań Fundacji Friedricha Eberta

100%

Janicka I.

Przegląd Zachodni

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2017

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issue 1(362)

133-148

EN

The article presents the results of researches on right-wing extremism sentiments in the German middle class, conducted on a regular basis by the Friedrich Ebert Foundation since 2006. The condition of social awareness is measured using a variety of categories. The described empirical studies focus on the spreading of the ideology of right-wing extremism. Antidemocratic populism and hostility toward many alienated social groups create a climate of suspicion and hatred, whereas its dominant rhetoric of injustice fosters the emergence of anti-system activities, which lead to mistaken political choices. The presented data combined with a precise sociological analysis help to define the dangers and provide specific arguments for the public debate. In turn, assessment of the ideology and mindset of the middle class, which is politically the most effective, decision-making social group, provides a fitting starting point for drawing conclusions. Those inferences confirm the diagnosis that first scratches begin to appear on the fragile surface of the middle class.

2

„Nie ma takiego państwa jak Republika Federalna Niemiec”. Reichsbürgerbewegung – charakterystyka środowiska i rys programowy

100%

Kałabunowska A.

Przegląd Zachodni

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2022

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issue 2 (383)

63-84

EN

The article outlines the origins, organizational structure and ideological profile of the German milieu of the Citizens of the Reich (Reichsbürger) and self-governors (Selbstvervalter) – a relatively little-known circle, considered by the German security service as a threat to the democratic system. The scientific goal of the publication is also to list the characteristics of the movement that enable its comparison with the right-wing extremism, and those elements that do not allow a simple categorization of the Reichsbürgerbewegung within the far-right scene, as well as to outline the academic discussion on these differentiations. The presented research was based on official documents of the German institutions monitoring the threats to the security of the state, especially the Verfassungsschutz, and on the studies on the subject that have been published so far, predominantly in the German language.

3

Programatika a ideológia Ľudovej strany Naše Slovensko a Slovenskej pospolitosti – národnej strany

86%

Budajová M.

Politologická revue (Czech Political Science Review)

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2018

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issue 1

89-121

EN

The main goal of this study is the analysis of two main extreme right political parties in Slovakia – Kotleba – People’s Party Our Slovakia (ĽSNS) and Slovak Togetherness – National Party (SP – NS) and to find their historical, personal and ideological interconnections, using the comparative method of electoral programs and mobilization strategies. It offers a new tool allowing researchers to better understand the ideology of ĽSNS, the current most successful extreme right party in Slovakia, through four dimensions according to the relationship of the examined parties to nationalism, xenophobia, establishment and foreign aff airs. Using the conceptual frameworks of Case Mudde (2000) and of experts on the extreme right in Slovakia (Mesežnikov - Gyárfášová 2016; Mikušovič 2007; Mikuš et al. 2016). The study focuses on the period of the participation of ĽSNS’s members in the political activities of SP – NS from 2005 till 2006. Primary attention is paid to programmatic strategies, mobilization issues of these parties to address the public, voters or supporters and to their similarities and changes. It is the first major attempt to analyze the ideological interconnections of these parties in the field of study.

4

Nastroje prawicowo-ekstremistyczne społeczeństwa niemieckiego

81%

Janicka I.

Przegląd Politologiczny

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2016

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issue 3

145-158

EN

The main topic of this paper is the analysis of right-wing extremist sentiments in German society. Representatives of the middle-class are mostly identified with these political tendencies. The unsuccessful multicultural project in the Federal Republic of Germany, long-lasting economic crisis in Europe, Islamic terrorism and the wave of immigrants have led to the spread of xenophobia and racism. Thus, many new parties and various informal groups are being formed that expect the government to change the asylum policy of the state and which express their need to consolidate national identity. These social groups demonstrate a critical attitude to the German political system, attracting a certain portion of the protesting electorate. One of the citizens’ movements, named Pegida, is demonstrating against not only radical Muslims but Islam as a whole. The organizers and supporters of Pegida publicly distance themselves from right-wing extremists, but use the fears of Islamic terror to spread general negative sentiments towards refugees and foreigners. The research question refers to the prospects of instilling democratic standards in the middle class of German society after the post-unification period. This social class may be the most important factor influencing public opinion. The renaissance of fascist ideology has forced the creation of a new model of communication between social classes. The perception of right-wing ideology is the object of research in the axiological sphere.

PL

Głównym tematem artykułu jest analiza prawicowo-ekstremistycznych nastrojów w społeczeństwie niemieckim, których rzecznikiem stają się coraz częściej przedstawiciele klasy średniej. Nieudany projekt wielokulturowości niemieckiej, długotrwały kryzys gospodarczy w Europie, zjawisko terroryzmu islamskiego i fala uchodźców stworzyły atmosferę ksenofobizmu i rasizmu. W efekcie tworzone są partie oraz nieformalne ugrupowania, które oczekują od państwa zmian w polityce azylowej i artykułują potrzebę utrwalania tożsamości narodowej. Tworzące się ad hoc ruchy społeczne odnoszą się krytycznie do niemieckiego systemu politycznego gromadząc określoną część elektoratu. Jeden z ruchów obywatelskich pod nazwą Pegida demonstruje nie tylko przeciwko radykałom muzułmańskim, a islamowi w ogóle. Organizatorzy i zwolennicy Pegidy dystansują się publicznie od ekstremistów prawicowych, ale wykorzystują lęki przed islamskim terrorem i szerzą nastroje niechęci wobec uchodźców i obcych. Pytanie badawcze dotyczy perspektyw utrwalania demokratycznych standardów w pozjednoczeniowym społeczeństwie niemieckim przez klasę średnią, która może stać się najważniejszym elementem wpływającym na opinię publiczną. Renesans ideologii faszystowskiej wymusił konieczność wykreowania nowego modelu komunikowania społecznego pomiędzy klasami. Percepcja tej ideologii jest przedmiotem badawczym sfery aksjologicznej.

5

The specifics of the investigation of manifestations of political extremism from the perspective of expert witness

72%

Svoboda I.

Security Dimensions: International & National Studies

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2015

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vol. 14(14)

30-35

EN

The paper deals with the specifics of the investigation of manifestations of political extremism. Political extremism and particularly right-wing political extremism is a present phenomenon, which is from the perspective of Criminology research so specific, that it requires a specific approach in its assessment, especially from a position of legal experts. therefore it is advisable to choose a suitable specific methodology of scientific research on this phenomenon and the need for the court to provide findings that are relevant in the decision in a particular case. in conclusion, the author is then proposing general principles and approaches to solve this current phenomenon of our time.

6

Ideology of Right-Wing Extremism and European Migration Crisis

58%

Djoric M.

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2016

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vol. 10

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issue 2

157-162

PL

Autor analizuje korelację pomiędzy ideologią współczesnego prawicowego ekstremizmu i europejskiego kryzysu migracyjnego. Podstawowa hipoteza brzmi: współczesne migracje z regionu Bliskiego Wschodu znacząco wpływają na ekspansję prawicowego ekstremizmu w Europie. Chociaż ekstremizm prawicowy w Europie ma zróżnicowany charakter, to posiada wspólne cechy, które są najlepiej widoczne w jego ideologii: Islamofobia, ksenofobia, rasizm, faszyzm, przemoc, dyskryminacja, itd. Celem artykułu jest pokazanie, jak ekstremistyczna prawicowa ideologia przedstawia program generujący polityczną przemoc i stanowi ogromny problem dla bezpieczeństwa Europy i całego świata.

EN

The author analyzes the correlation between ideology of the contemporary right-wing extremism and the European migration crisis. Basic hypothesis states that contemporary mass migrations from the Middle Eastern region greatly affect the expansion of right-wing extremism in Europe. Even though the extreme right-wing in Europe is of a diversified character, it manifests a sequence of mutual characteristics which are best seen in its ideology: Islamophobia, xenophobia, racism, fascism, violence, discrimination, etc. The purpose of this paper is to show how the extreme right-wing ideology can generate political violence and a vast security problem for Europe and the entire world.

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