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On Some Risk-Reducing Derivative

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EN
In this paper, we propose some derivative designed for small stock investors. Using the Black-Scholes model we derive an explicit formula for the price of the derivative, computing its discounted expected payoff. The payoff is modelled on the payoff of the catastrophe bonds, random occurrence of a natural disaster is replaced by a random stock price falling. Different variants of the proposed derivative are obtained by introducing a parameter to the payoff of the derivative. By Monte Carlo method, to reduce the risk of large losses associated with the investment, indicated the variant of this instrument, appropriate to selected typical values of volatility of considered stock.
Studia BAS
|
2014
|
issue 3(39)
159-180
EN
The author presents public‑private partnership as a formula for financing infrastructure investment needs of the Polish local and regional authorities, as well as availability of financing for such projects. The first section of the paper briefly examines rationale for the use of public‑private partnership, including budgetary reasons and value‑for‑money concept. Next, the effectiveness of public‑private partnership, opportunities and threats related to this form of public services provision are presented. Finally, the author discusses the question of bankability and assessment of public‑private projects, in general and in the Polish market conditions as well.
PL
Przedmiotem artykułu są alternatywne instrumenty ubezpieczania ryzyka działalności przedsiębiorstw. Rozwój nowych form transferu i finansowania ryzyka nastąpił w wyniku integracji różnych segmentów rynku finansowego. Tego rodzaju instrumenty znajdują zastosowanie w podmiotach o rozbudowanych pionach finansowych, gdyż wymagają specjalistycznej wiedzy i prowadzenia wielu analiz. Szczególną formą alternatywnego ubezpieczenia ryzyka jest kapitał warunkowy, dający dostęp do dodatkowych środków w momencie wystąpienia określonego zdarzenia losowego (trigger event).
EN
The article is devoted to alternative instruments aimed at insuring the risk of enterprises’ operation. Development of new forms of risk transfer and financing has taken place as a result of integration of various segments of the financial market. Instruments of this type can be used by entities with complex financial divisions, because they require expertise and numerous analyses. What is a specific form of alternative risk insurance is contingent capital, which offers access to additional funds when a given trigger event occurs.
PL
W artykule przedstawiamy badania nad problemem modelowania ryzyka długowieczności ryzyka. Omawiamy pojęcie ryzyka długowieczności, aby lepiej zrozumieć wszystkie powiązane wyzwania w sferze zarządzania ryzykiem z punktu widzenia finansowego i ubezpieczeniowego. Artykuł prezentuje również opinię na temat praktycznych zadań związanych z rosnącą długości życia. Jednocześnie, wzrost długości życia zwiększył potrzebę rozwoju rynków kapitałowych, celem zarządzania i transferu ryzyka. Dlatego, również podkreślamy przyszłe zarządzanie ryzykiem długowieczności z finansowego punktu widzenia.
EN
In this paper we investigate the latest developments on longevity risk modelling. We first introduce longevity risk to allow for a better understanding of the related challenges in term of risk management from both a financial and insurance point of view. The article also provides a global view on the practical issues of longevity. Simultaneously, the development on the longevity has enhanced the need of capital markets as to manage and transfer the risk. Therefore, we also highlight future developments on longevity risk management from a financial point of view.
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