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EN
This article contains the presentation, analysis and typology of the Rossica (cultural borrowings from Russian) in the texts of the eminent Polish journalist R.M. Gronski, the columnist of outstanding Polish magazine “Polityka.” Gronski is famous for his excellent knowledge of the realities of socialism in Poland as well as for his competence in Russian language. The culturological category of Rossica, apart from “ordinary” lexical borrowings from Russian, includes various reflections and resonances of “the essence of Russian” in the form of reminiscences, allusions and direct “incorporations” of Russian precedents (primarily lingual, but also symbolic and iconic). The functions of textual Rossica are defined as stylistic, rhetorical and cognitive.
EN
The article presents a survey of numerous Russian elements (lexemes and grammatical constructions) in the works of Mariusz Wilk in an attempt to provide their initial classification andinterpretation. Mariusz Wilk, a Polish writer who lives and works in the Russian North, constantly weaves Russicisms into the tissue of his erudite and intertextual statements, making his texts a linguistic experiment with specific textual features. Out of two works by Wilk (Wołoka, Lotem gęsi), more than 140 lexical units (of different status) have been excerpted and subjected to a multifarious analysis. Their typology is based on the concept of space, which is one of the key categories of geopoetics. The author of the article claims that the Russian material in the studied works cannot be treated merely as Russicims in their strict lexicological sense because these words perform specific functions in the texts, among which the communicative, artistic and conceptual functions are in the foreground. Russian segments belong to the most important ingredients of the writer’s idiolect (idiostyle) and, therefore, they should not be treated solely as a violation of the lexical norm. The postulated qualitative and quantitative analysis of Russicisms in Wilk’s works, as well as the assessment of their functional load, open up new possibilities of viewing Russian-Polish language contacts not only as mutual interactions, but above all as building blocks of the author’s message, intersemiotic in its nature.
EN
This article investigates the role of hackneyed quotations, which come from Russian liter- ature of 19th and 20th centuries. Purpose of the article was analysis of 3 hackneyed quotations (called rossica) extracted from the dictionary Skrzydlate słowa of Henryk Markiewicz and Andrzej Romanowski. All examples were divided into 3 groups and supported with their meanings, ex- cerpted from Russian dictionaries, and situations, in which they could be used. The last part of this article was devoted to hackneyed quotations analysis from the viewpoint of functions they fulfill in Polish media discourse.
RU
Настоящая статья посвящена крылатым словам, происходящим из литературных про- изведений русских писателей XIX и XX веков. Целью статьи был анализ трех крылатых еди- ниц (называемых rossikami), выделенных из произведения Хенрика Маркевича и Анджея Романовского Skrzydlate słowa. Все примеры были разделены на три группы. Кроме того, на основе русских словарей были определены их значения и ситуации, в которых эти единицы могут употребляться. Последняя часть статьи посвящена анализу крылатых выражений с точки зрения выполняемых ими функций в польском масс-медиальном дискурсе.
EN
This article shows Warsaw urban dialect as the medium in the process of borrowing the words of Russian origin into Polish language. The research materials collected by author were filtered through chosen parameters of various linguistic status. The final list of rossica (40 lexical items) includes several thematic-semantic dominants and adverbs and adverbial expressions. They undergo systemic polonization and fulfill various pragmatic functions.
CS
Článek se zabývá varšavskou městskou mluvou jako médiem v procesu přejímání slov ruského původu do polštiny. Shromážděný materiál byl profiltrován pomocí vybraných parametrů s různým lingvistickým statusem. Konečný seznam rusismů (40 lexikálních jednotek) zahrnuje několik te­maticko-sémantických dominant, ataké příslovce aadverbiální fráze, které se systémově asimilují a také jsou nositeli různých pragmatických funkcí.
EN
One of the most significant elements, strongly binding the politically divided Great Emigration, were the joint efforts on documentation of the Polish heritage. This article discusses a rare phenomenon in Europe – a collective and spontaneous action taken abroad by expatriates to find, collect, and develop French Polonica. This type of action was a collective effort of the whole national minority living in Paris. It shows a unique social effort: the association of citizens deprived of their own state in various groups and unions working jointly in order to prove the Polish rational status, legitimacy of Polish nationality. By showing the different stages of working on French Polonica, the dedication of individuals and societies, one must pay attention to the favorable French circumstances: some earlier interest in Russian literature and the uniqueness of Polish romantic writing. In addition, we observe the development of national ideology. Writing about the role of Polonica, the transcendent thinking and action taken jointly by the people of the Great Emigration, we present the organizational phenomenon of registration of Polish literature and the entire Polish culture. Part of the article is devoted to the most important methodological problems, related to the formal classification of closely-identified French Polonica which have been identified, thus indicating further research fields.
PL
W artykule ukazano podjęty przez wychodźstwo zbiorowy wysiłek społeczny – zrzeszanie się pozbawionych państwowości obywateli w różne ugrupowania i związki w imię nadrzędnego interesu: uprawomocnienia polskiej kultury, udowodnienia jej żywotności jak i zaprezentowania Europie bogatej polskiej tradycji piśmienniczej. Przed ukazaniem emigracyjnych inicjatyw na rzecz tworzenia, promocji i ochrony poloników zaprezentowano wcześniejsze francuskie zainteresowania Wschodem, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem kultury rosyjskiej. Omówiono – determinowaną bardziej przez polską kulturę niż politykę – aktywność stowarzyszeniową wychodźstwa w jego pierwszych latach pobytu poza macierzą. Przybliżono sylwetki dziewiętnastowiecznych prekursorów działalności na rzecz promocji polskiego piśmiennictwa na Zachodzie, a następnie plany, działalność oraz dorobek twórczy najaktywniejszych organizacji, które powstały po upadku powstania listopadowego. Ukazano zbiorowe jak i indywidualne zaangażowanie na rzecz stopniowej organizacji i gromadzenia polskiego dziedzictwa piśmienniczego. W trakcie omawiania kolejnych działań na rzecz zbierania i tworzenia poloników na emigracji ukazano wspólne polskie myślenie ponad politycznymi podziałami, a także inicjatywy i przedsięwzięcia scalające i de facto formujące Wielka Emigrację. Wskazano na inaczej kształtujący się system emigracyjnych wartości, który w całym procesie promocji polskiej kultury piśmienniczej we Francji wydawał się być kluczowy.
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