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PL
The main aim of this paper is to demonstrate what role Polish business groups play at a supranational level. In Poland reliable advocacy of individual interests by Polish business groups brings negative associations, and the lobbying Polish business groups apply is perceived as an unfair way of exerting pressure on the authorities. Therefore, this paper outlines the conceptualization of the network of notions pertaining to Polish business groups. Lobbying is presented as an instrument applied by professional teams of lobbyists in lobbying campaigns aimed at exerting influence in a transparent, substantive and fair manner. The specificity of interest groups and the stages that affect the emergence of individual Polish business groups are also analyzed. The aspect of legal regulations concerning lobbying activity conducted at a national and supranational level is presented. The picture of the organizational structure, the functions business groups have in the Polish and EU law-making process are discussed as well. The paper also shows the forms of influence used by Polish business groups and exemplifies advantageous activities that contribute to the economic development of Poland.
PL
W artykule Lobbing jako sztuka skutecznego wywierania wpływu w kontekście społeczno-prawnym, zawarto podstawowe informacje na temat zjawiska lobbingu i podano jego definicje, scharakteryzowano osobę lobbysty oraz zaprezentowano dwa podstawowe modele lobbingu: pluralistyczny i korporatywistyczny. Ponadto niniejsza publikacja prezentuje dwie strategie praktykowane w działalności rzeczników interesów tj. lobbing ofensywny i defensywny oraz dwie podstawowe taktyki: lobbing bezpośredni i lobbing pośredni. Przedstawiono również regulacje prawne i etyczne lobbingu w Polsce i w Unii Europejskiej. W przedmiotowej publikacji scharakteryzowano także podstawową wiedzę z zakresu opracowania kampanii lobbystycznej, należącej do głównych narzędzi wspierania biznesu.
EN
The article Lobby – an effective way in influence and its socio-legal contex presents some basic information concerning the phenomenon of lobbying namely, the definitions, the features of a lobbyist, and two basic models of a lobby (the pluralistic and the corporate one). Moreover, this article demonstrates two strategies used by lobbyists that is to say, offensive lobbying and defensive one and two fundamental kinds of tactics, the direct and the indirect one. In addition to this, there were also presented legal and ethical rules for lobbying in Poland and the European Union. Finally, this publication characterizes basic knowledge concerning conducting a lobby campaign - which is a main tool in supporting business.
RU
Статья „Лоббирование как искусство эффективного воздействия в контексте социально-правовом” содержит основную информацию о феномене лоббирования и подано его определение, приведена характеристика личности лоббисты и представлено две основные модели лоббирования: плюралистическая и корпоративная. Кроме того, эта публикация представляет две стратегии на практике в деятельности представителей интересов т.е. лоббирование наступательное и оборонное и две основные тактики: лоббирование прямое и косвенное. Также представлены правовые и этические регулирования лоббирования в Польше и в Европейском Союзе. В публикации также описано базовые знания о развитии лоббистской кампании, принадлежащей к основным инструментам поддержки бизнеса.
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