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PL
W artykule poruszony został problem z zakresu badania zależności pomiędzy zatrudnieniem, a wynagrodzeniem w sektorze przedsiębiorstw w Polsce, oraz próba przeprowadzenia prognozowania zatrudnienia w tysiącach na 2020 rok. Badania rozpoczęto od analizy danych rozpatrywanych dwóch szeregów czasowych pierwotnych dotyczących zatrudnienia i wynagrodzenia w ujęciu dynamicznym. Do zbadania zależności posłużył wykonany model regresji wielorakiej. Szereg czasowy zatrudnienia w tys. został poddany prognozowaniu z wykorzystaniem modelu ARIMA.
EN
In this article the authors raise the issue regarding the study of the relationship between employment and salary in the enterprise sector in Poland, and an attempt to conduct the forecasting of employment in thousands for 2020. The research was initiated with the analysis of data of two original time series concerning employment and salary under examination dynamically. In order to study the relationship, the constructed multiple regression model was applied. The employment time series in thousands was forecast with the application of ARIMA model.
EN
This research based on factors affecting Job Satisfaction among the female teachers in Private Schools of Naushahro Feroze. Job satisfaction is an important topic in aca-demic and business practices. The salary scale, coworkers’ relationship scale, and working environment scale measure job satisfaction in this study. Researchers applied the quantitative research and numerical analysis of the data using the random sam-pling method. The study was held only on female teachers who work in the education sector in Private Schools in District Naushahro Feroze and filled the survey question-naires. The questionnaires were analyzed through IBM SPSS 16. Then co-relation test was used for hypothesis proving and to see the relationship between variables.
PL
Celem niniejszej pracy jest przybliżenie postanowień konwencji nr 95 Międzynarodowej Organizacji Pracy dotyczącej ochrony płacy. Artykuł wzbogacony został ponadto o szereg odniesień do zalecenia nr 85 Międzynarodowej Organizacji Pracy, które w sposób istotny uzupełnia badaną materię. Autorzy oprócz analizy jurydycznej przedstawionych aktów normatywnych dokonują również ich porównania z rozwiązaniami krajowymi w celu ustalenia istnienia lub nieistnienia ich wzajemnej koherencji. Przedstawiona tematyka – w świetle ogólnego spowolnienia gospodarczego oraz coraz częstszego naruszania praw pracowniczych – zachowuje swoją aktualność i istotność. Służyć może ona również informacją szerokiej grupie pracowników niemających przygotowania prawniczego.
EN
The main purpose of this work is to present the provisions of Convention 95 of the International Labour Organization on the protection of wages. The article has also been enriched with a number of references to Recommendation No 85 of the International Labour Organisation, which significantly complements the researched matter. The authors have presented beside the juridical analysis of chosen international normative acts also domestic provisions in this scope in order to determine the existence or non-existence of their mutual coherence. Presented article - in light of the general economic slowdown and increasingly frequent violations of workers’ rights - retains currentness and relevance and it can be useful for a wide group of employees without even legal preparation.
EN
Public opinion on professional football in Europe tends to the view that the salaries of athletes are 'too high'. Existing empirical studies, as well as economic theory, suggest the opposite is true. Only a few players earn high wages, due most likely to innate characteristics of the market both on the demand and production sides. A substantial rise of salaries during the second half of the 20th century came chiefly from the introduction of TV broadcasting and the increased interest in watching sports as a form of entertainment. While the peculiar institutional setup of the labour market long contributed to the underpayment of athletes, reforms over the last several decades have improved player wages. Moreover, it is difficult to present a strong argument for limiting athletes' salaries, from the perspective either of fans or society.
EN
Are the higher incomes achieved by the workers in their work place determiners of the better wellbeing? How important is money in people's lives? The research which has been conducted and presented in hereby article, refers to both employees and the unemployed, and also covers the problem of life satisfaction in comparison to other Europeans. The salary level has for years been the main factor of employee satisfaction. It is worth while noticing that the possibility of development and passion accomplishment are becoming more and more important. People are aware of the fact that improvement of competences and skills indirectly influences better salary. The aim of hereby article is research on the influence of the salary level on life satisfaction. Research method applied was a survey, conducted in 2020. Hereby article comprises the introduction and the presentation of the phenomenon of job satisfaction and the factors which account for this. Moreover, the results of other researchers on the same topic have been presented for comparison. Finally, broad analysis of the authors' results of the influence of the level of salary upon life satisfaction.
EN
The provisions of the Standing Orders of the Sejm concerning the reduction of Deputy’s salary or parliamentary per diem allowance (as a form of financial penalty) do not require any changes, as there is no need to adjust Polish law to the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights contained in the cases referred to in this opinion. The views expressed by the ECHR in these judgments may however affect the interpretation and application of the provisions of the Standing Orders of the Sejm concerning, in particular, the terms “a Deputy making it impossible for the Sejm to work” and “making it impossible to carry out the debate”. The author claims that the introduction into the Standing Orders of a requirement to give reasons for decisions on the reduction of salary or per diem allowance in order to avoid the allegation of “excessive severity of the penalty,” would also allow both to demonstrate that the principle of equality before the law and principle of proportionality are observed.
EN
The proposed provisions will affect the legal situation of employees (and job candidates) and employers, with some of the legal effects not sufficiently explained in explanatory statement. The proposed amendment to the Labour Code may affect the content of salary regulations and collective labour agreements; it may also constitute the basis for the application of sanctions provided for in labour law for the underestimating or inflating an individual salary.
EN
The proposed bill contains a new solution regarding “including information on the proposed amount of gross salary” (or indicating the so-called pay range) in the offers of employment for an employee in a given position. Some of the proposed provisions may be controversial or require additional analysis due to their possible effects or possible interpretational problems. The bill will not have direct consequences for public finances, however, it may have social and economic effects as well as financial effects of a microeconomic scope.
EN
One-off compensation paid by the Social Insurance Institution under provisions of the Act of Social Insurance regarding accidents at work and occupational diseases does not need to be notified in the Register of Interests kept by the Marshal of the Sejm. That sort of compensation is exempt from the income tax. The same applies to allowances for a participation in a programme council of a local branch of “Telewizja Polska – Spółka Akcyjna”.
EN
A Deputy may perform the function of vice-president of the association established abroad, unless it combines some kind of broadly understood employment in government or local government institution, with the aim of being a representative of the province in this association. However, a Deputy cannot perform such a function, if that association is an entrepreneur and a municipal legal person is its member or if in the course of its economic activity the association uses state or municipal property. Deputies are obliged to inform the Marshal of the Sejm about his/her additional activities, and to disclose obtained remuneration in the Register of Interests. Such remuneration may affect the amount of a Deputy’s salary
EN
The aim of the econometric analysis is to show the mechanism shaping the level of value of transactions made with payment cards. In the article the value of transactions from payment cards was assumed as dependent variable. Reference rate and average remuneration were accepted as dependent variables. Data from banks cover all transactions made using cards issued by banks to their clients, both in Poland and abroad. Quarterly data from the period 2000-2010 were chosen for the research. The estimation of linear order was made with the use of classic least squares method. The results confirmed the assumed hypotheses: the increase of reference rate usually leads to the decrease in the value of card transactions and the salary increase in the national economy to the reverse regularity.
EN
The article points out that the activity of conducting occasional lectures and publishing articles and books should be classified as an activity subject to copyright law within the meaning of Article 33 para. 1 of the Act on the Exercise of the Mandate of a Deputy or Senator. Members of the Presidium of the Sejm are obliged to report their income from this source in the Register of Interests and to reveal it in two statements of financial status. From the analysis of the case law of the Constitutional Tribunal it follows that even incidental lectures can be classified as “other function” within the meaning of Article 4 para. 2 of the Act on the Remuneration of Persons Holding State Management Posts. It was stated, however, that this position contradicts the historical and teleological interpretation of the rule presented in the law doctrine and the trend observed in relation to those legal solutions which take into account the principle of freedom of choice and carrying out of the profession. Therefore, it can be assumed that a member of the Presidium of the Sejm may earn income from activities subject to copyright law and obtain, at the same time, a salary due to the position of Marshal or Vice-Marshal of the Sejm. In the author’s view, the provision in question should be amended.
EN
A Deputy does not have to inform the Marshal of the Sejm about an intention of being employed as an assistant professor in a higher education institution, because it is a creative activity of an individual nature. Such obligation would exist if a Deputy had to perform additional responsibilities (apart from a pure academic or didactic work). In such case a Deputy would lose the right to receive a salary. However, s/he could apply for a partial salary – in the sum equal to the difference between a full Deputy’s salary and an additional one (received as a result of an additional employment).
EN
Provisions of the bill, inter alia, impose on entrepreneurs information and reporting obligations regarding the difference in remuneration between genders. The instruments proposed in the bill may, but do not have to, lead to a reduction in the gender pay gap, which flows, inter alia, from the fact that most employees in Poland work in micro and small enterprises. The introduction of this statute will produce administrative and financial consequences for employers, the minister competent for labour and the Social Dialogue Council, as well as for employees. Eurostat data show that gender pay gap in Poland is not high when compared to many other EU countries. The bill requires further legislative work.
EN
The draft position of the Sejm on the application of the First President of the Supreme Court, submitted to the Constitutional Tribunal, states that the indicated provision of the Act – Law on the System of Common Courts, insofar as it excludes the simultaneous payment of retired judge’s salary and pension from the Social Insurance Institution, is consistent with the Constitution. The constitutionality of the provisions of the Act on the Social Insurance System has also been demonstrated insofar as they make judges in the active status, serving full-time and at the same time taking up additional employment or occupation, subject to pension insurance.
EN
In the article the authors discuss the salary system in the private sector in the Republic of Slovenia. They present relevant legislation dealing with remuneration, in particular the Employment Relations Act, which regulates individual employment relations and in a separate chapter regulates remuneration. Remuneration includes a salary and other additional payments. The authors treat all the components of a salary, i.e. the basic salary, extra payments, the part of the salary based on job performance, and the payment for positive business performance. Other additional payments are payments in kind or in money, in securities, or profit-related pay, i.e. the participation of employees in profit sharing. The authors also treat other income of employees laid down in the Employment Relations Act and collective agreements as well as the reimbursement of expenses related to work. The authors also focus on the obligatory content of an employment contract with reference to remuneration. Finally, they address open issues regarding types of other additional payments and possible solutions for determining individual remuneration instruments in collective agreements and in employment contracts.
EN
The judicial power in Albania is considered today as the greatest sinner in the Albanian society. But is it the only sinner? Is it treated with respect and dignity by the Albanian society? In the opinion of the writer of this article, the politicians of this country are also accomplices in this situation of the judiciary. These latter ones, when they need to purify their reputation, declare that they were pronounced not guilty by the courts. When a non-guilty decision is given to their political opponent, they hurry to curse the courts as corrupt, etc. In our opinion, the judiciary is not treated by the state equally when compared to the employees of the other sectors of the state. The Judiciary in Albanian, apart from being attacked en bloc by the politics and the media, is also paid badly and humiliated. This situation is of no service to the Albanian society and it should be changed rapidly.
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EN
This article is an attempt to determine the modern meaning of career success. The perception of career success has undergone changes in recent years, with subjective indicators such as job satisfaction and achievement of one's own professional goals growing in importance. The present article reviews the relevant literature and presents the results of the author's own study on the meaning of career success conducted among students of economics. The results indicate that career success is defined subjectively in the modern world, and is no longer confined to the objective indicators commonly applied in the literature. Thus organizations may find traditional incentive tools to be increasingly ineffective.
19
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EN
This article is about motivation between employees and volunteers in local communities. Relationships between employers and employees are regulated by law. Employee provides his knowledge, skills and experience to employer to achieve planned organization targets and to create profit. According to Slovak law the salary includes not just only basic salary but also bonuses, tax, employee and employer healthcare and social insurance payments. The focus is on personnel policy of organization with an emphasis on achieving organizational goals and the successful allocation on the market. The emphasis is on motivation, which is necessary for personal feedback in organizations irrespective of size of organization. Article discusses the right work habits and shows how to encourage voluntary work. In the state, public organizations and local communities there are people - volunteers who want to work without financial or non-financial rewards. Focus of this article is on a human being, going through many changes and processes in his personal and professional life.
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Content available remote

Where and why in the UK? The Case of Polish Migrants

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EN
This article focuses on one of the most controversial issues frequently discussed by many including politicians, academics and the media in the UK and Poland: migration of Polish people to Britain. The main aim is to identify the important factors causing migration of Poles within the UK. In this article, the authors seek to study the pull factors, i.e. level of wages or employment rate, for Polish people between different regions within the UK. By using the data from “Labour Force Surveys” collected by the UK government; and data from Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) in Poland, this paper analyses where and why the Polish migrants live in the UK. The most important factor determining the fraction of Polish people in a given region is the fraction of Polish people in that region in the past. When Polish people move within UK, they tend to choose a region with a higher level of gross pay, and they don’t seem to consider the risk of unemployment. The authors are grateful to providers of survey data discussed in the “Data and methods” section of this paper. LFS data are made available by the UK Data Service. Views reported in this paper do not necessarily reflect opinions of organisations which commissioned or provided access to these surveys.
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