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EN
The topic of the article concerns the issue of place attachment and its determinants. An analysis of place attachment was performed in terms of place identity and place dependence (Williams, Vaske, 2003). Moreover, links between place attachment and selected geographical (size and type of place, geographical region), demographic (age, sex) and psychological (satisfaction with life) variables were investigated. The study group included 759 respondents: 398 women and 361 men, aged 18-83 years, residing in 74 places in the Silesian Province, a region in Poland: in 10 sub-regions in the Upper Silesian conurbation and outside the conurbation. The study used the Place Attachment Scale (Williams, Vaske, 2003), the Satisfaction with Life Scale (Diener, Emmons, Larsen, Griffin, 1985) and a personal information section containing questions regarding place of permanent residence, sex and age. Results showed that subjects residing in smaller and non-industrial places had a stronger place attachment than those residing in larger and industrial cities. People living outside the Upper Silesian conurbation were more strongly attached to their place of residence in terms of place identity than those residing in the Upper Silesian conurbation. People living in the Zagłębie (industrial) sub-region were more strongly attached in terms of place dependence than those residing in the Bytom sub-region (devastated with high unemployment). Satisfaction with life was positively correlated with place attachment. Older subjects were more strongly attached to their place of residence. Men and women did not differ in the sense of place attachment and life satisfaction.
EN
Research on the weekly fluctuation in people’s satisfaction has produced mixed results about the nadir of levels of satisfaction in different countries. This paper uses a Hungarian household survey with approximately 3400 individual observations. The fluctuation in satisfaction over the course of the week is assessed according to the day on which the personal interview was conducted during a six-week period of fieldwork. The analysis investigates the extent to which this is the result of a random process. Unlike previous analysis, the nadir in satisfaction (in Hungary) is found to occur midweek. This is explained as being related to workload. The results are robust after controlling for the interviewers’ unobserved characteristics or the hour of completion of the interview. Modification in workdays owing to national holidays did not alter the results. The results reveal which social groups are especially vulnerable to fluctuations in satisfaction. This could have practical consequences for a more efficient work-life balance. The paper suggests questions for future research, which in particular should seek to understand differences between nations in terms of the nadir of satisfaction and to find a solution to the self-selection problem that may result in an underestimation of the true size of the weekly nadir.
EN
Analysis of the literature leads to the conclusion that, despite the significant and progressing gradually in the public consciousness changes concerning development opportunities, lead it through may mature and thus different forms of adaptation to old age, in which one of the most important roles played by other persons is noticeable still the trend of denial of old age as a period of development and old people, as its representatives. Carried out under this study provides conclusions on the opinions, attitudes and beliefs of the younger generations about people aging. These opinions are clearly negative connotation and set the real threat of social exclusion of older people. This article focuses mainly on the resources of psychiatric old man, showing not only its limitations, but the possibility of development, considering the opportunities to help him in the process of successful adaptation to old age, to make it a rewarding life of maintaining social activity.
EN
Decline of life satisfaction is a common consequence of unemployment together with the negative self-view and lack of personal control. The effectiveness of the training of the social competencies in changing the sense of personal coherence, social beliefs and life satisfaction of the unemployed was probed. Eighty unemployed persons participated in a longitudinal study with a control group. Although the participants did not differ significantly at the beginning of the study, these unemployed persons who participated in the social competencies training reported after 6 months significantly higher sense of personal coherence, more positive vision of social system and enhanced life satisfaction. Unemployed from the control group after 6 months experienced a significant decline in life satisfaction, deterioration of sense of personal coherence and reported more negative vision of social system. The model of impact of social competence training on the change of life satisfaction of the unemployed being mediated by the change of the sense of personal coherence and change in system justification was tested and proved to fit the data. In conclusion, training social competence of unemployed may be crucial to prevent a decline of their life satisfaction and enhance the belief in their own abilities to cope with the stressful experience of being unemployed.
EN
Culture has a substantial impact on mechanism of coping with stress and related health outcomes. We proposed a model emphasizing the mediating role of coping resources and competences in the relationship between controllability of demands in professional/educational life and health in the cross-cultural context. The model is based on the transactional model of stress. 595 participants from East Germany, West Germany and Poland completed: Sense of Coherence Scale SOC-9, Self-Esteem Scale, Social Support Scale, Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale, Proactive Coping Inventory, Scale of Demands in Professional Life, Brief Stress Scale, Satisfaction with Life Scale and Mental Health Questionnaire. The results have shown the general cross-cultural validity of the proposed mediational model but also indicated some cultural differences in the determinants of health. Germans had higher self-esteem and social support. Poles had higher selfefficacy and used proactive coping strategies more often. Self-esteem was the strongest predictor of mental health in both nations. We discussed the results within a broad interpretive framework of social transitions.
EN
The main aim of presented study was to examine the relationships between satisfaction with life (Diener, 1984) and five identity dimensions distinguished by Luyckx (Luyckx, Goosens, Soenens, & Beyers, 2006, Luyckx et al., 2008): commitment making, identification with commitment, exploration in breadth, exploration in depth and ruminative exploration. The participants were 417 students and workers aged 19–27. The results indicated significant relationships between identity dimensions and life satisfaction and also showed the differences between students and workers group: in student sub-sample significant appeared to be the connection between exploration in breadth and satisfaction with life, and in worker sub-sample the connections of life satisfaction and exploration in depth. Moreover, in both sub-samples the significant links between satisfaction with life and ruminative kind of exploration were reported. it was also found, that identification with commitment mediates the relationship of commitment making and life satisfaction.
EN
The present article introduces results of the empirical research about a relationship between the index of the sense of loneliness and a level of satisfaction with the life among people staying in five residential care facilities (DPS ) in Cracow. The research was carried out in 5 residential care facilities (DPS ) in Cracow. There were 70 respondents (50 women and 20 men). It was conducted by using “Satisfaction With Life Scale” and “The 11-item De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale”. The analysed research data showed a negative nature of the relationship between the index of the sense of loneliness and a level of satisfaction.
EN
The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between positive orientation (PO) defined as a basic predisposition to perceive and evaluate positive aspects of life, the future and oneself and the Five-Factor Model of personality (FFM). Hypotheses postulated positive correlations between PO and extraversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness and openness; a negative correlation was predicted between PO and neuroticism. Two hundred Polish students completed the following measures: SES (Self-Esteem Scale, Rosenberg), SWLS (The Satisfaction with Life Scale; Diener, Emmons, Larson & Griffin), LOT-R (The Life Orientation Test - Revised; Scheier, Carver & Bridges) and NEOFFI (NEO Five Factor Inventory, Costa & McCrae). The results confirmed correlations between PO and extraversion, conscientiousness, and neuroticism; correlations with openness and agreeableness were not supported. According to canonical correlations, PO shows a clear affinity to the FFM.
EN
uring the last decades compared to the negative cognitions the positive cognitions get much less attention in academic research and in the field of cognitive-behavioral therapy. With the birth of applied positive psychology the positive emotions and strengths could get a more and more important role during the process of the therapy. It may be hypothesized that the positive effect of the optimism-increasing interventions, the quality of life therapy, well-being therapy and positive psychotherapy is due to the enhancement of the constructive mode functioning (Clark, Beck, 2010).
EN
The problem of elderly people and old age is an issue that has been given more and more attention in recent times. This is due to the fact that Poland belongs to aging societies, where the elderly population is more and more represented. This work tries to get an answer to the question: Is there a relationship between the satisfaction of older people living in Social Welfare Homes and their level of acceptance of the disease? The results show that life satisfaction presented by elderly people can be considered as one of the predictors of how they function in a disease situation. In the light of research, adaptation to experienced ailments and the attitude of acceptance of illness by seniors are related to how much they perceive their own life as satisfying. High acceptance of the disease is conducive, as the research results show, above all life in the family, local environment. Perhaps it is influenced by the fact that the existence of older people in such an environment is not so marked by the disease, as it happens in Social Welfare Homes. It also seems that such assistance institutions can strengthen in the elderly people the conviction that they are a different group, defined by such features as infirmity, suffering, and loneliness. Thus, to some extent, they exclude seniors from social life making it impossible to fulfill their social roles.
PL
Problematyka ludzi starych i starości to zagadnienie, któremu ostatnio poświęca się coraz więcej uwagi. Wynika to m.in. z faktu, że Polska należy do starzejących się społeczeństw, gdzie populacja ludzi w podeszłym wieku jest coraz liczniej reprezentowana. W pracy starano się uzyskać odpowiedź na pytanie: Czy istnieje zależność pomiędzy satysfakcją z życia osób starszych przebywających w domach pomocy społecznej a ich poziomem akceptacji choroby? Uzyskane wyniki wskazują, że satysfakcja z życia prezentowana przez osoby starsze może zostać uznana za jeden z predyktorów tego, w jaki sposób funkcjonują one w sytuacji choroby. W świetle badań należy stwierdzić, że przystosowanie do doświadczanych dolegliwości oraz postawa akceptacji choroby przez seniorów są związane z tym, na ile postrzegają oni własne życie jako satysfakcjonujące. Wysokiej akceptacji choroby sprzyja, jak pokazują wyniki badań, przede wszystkim życie w rodzinie, środowisku lokalnym. Być może wpływ na to ma fakt, że egzystencja ludzi starszych w takim otoczeniu nie jest tak naznaczona chorobą, także tą obserwowaną, jak ma to miejsce w DPS. Wydaje się również, iż instytucje pomocowe typu DPS mogą wzmacniać w ludziach starszych przekonanie o tym, że stanowią grupę odmienną, określaną przez takie cechy, jak: niedołężność, cierpienie i samotność. Tym samym w pewnym stopniu wykluczają seniorów z życia społecznego, uniemożliwiając pełnienie właściwych im ról społecznych.
EN
In this paper we examine the subject of the influence of self-esteem and the feeling of loneliness on the satisfaction with life of residents of social welfare homes. The level of satisfaction with life is closely connected to one’s self-esteem. The higher positive perception of oneself, the higher satisfaction with life, and vice versa. The feeling of loneliness among the residents of round-the-clock nursing facilities is an important indicator for actions aimed at the reduction loneliness.
PL
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie i przybliżenie problematyki wpływu samooceny i poczucia samotności na zadowolenie z życia u pensjonariuszy domów pomocy społecznej. Poziom zadowolenia z życia jest ściśle związany z samooceną danego człowieka. Wraz ze wzrostem pozytywnego postrzegania siebie, zwiększa się zadowolenie z życia i na odwrót. Poczucie osamotnienia u osób korzystających z całodobowych placówek świadczących pomoc jest ważnym wskaźnikiem i sygnałem do prowadzenia działań mających na celu minimalizację tego zjawiska.
EN
Background The physical factor (health literacy, health status, functional ability to perform daily basic and instrumental activities and risk factors) is linked to life satisfaction in older age. The aim of this study is to establish the correlation between the physical holistic factor and life satisfaction in older age. Material and Methods The quantitative research method was used. In order to sample the data, the authors chose a simple random sample. The designed questionnaire was filled in by 1064 older persons aged ≥ 65 years, living in social care institutions/nursing homes for older persons or in the home environment. The number of correctly completed survey questionnaires was 656. In order to measure life satisfaction, the Satisfaction with Life Scale was used. Within the physical factor, 4 indexes were formed. In order to be able to show the desired influences or links between the physical factor and life satisfaction, the authors used propensity score methods. Results The individual indexes within the physical factor are linked to life satisfaction to a varying degree: health literacy (R² = 0.137), health status (R² = 0.047), the functional ability to perform daily basic and instrumental activities (R2 = 0.015), and risk factors (R² = 0.001). The physical holistic factor is linked to life satisfaction in older age (R² = 0.05). Conclusions With this research, the authors have proven that the older persons with high levels of health literacy, a good health status without chronic diseases, who are independent in performing daily basic and instrumental activities, and do not have any risk factors present, are more satisfied with their lives. Med Pr. 2019;70(5):535–43
EN
The article assemble a review of studies regarding the fuctionning of a human in aging phase.In term of development, old age is an important stage of life. Acknowledging the psychological aspects of aging process and different forms of aging adaptation enhence the general knowledge about human. Modern research about aging are concentrating on psychical resources of mature human, showing not only its limitations but also a development potential. The article is referring to different theories of adaptation to aging process. It attempts to present research applications, taking into account such aspects as sat- isfaction of life, hope and fear, which determine a successful adaptation to old age. Examinated group participated in research consists of nursing homes residents and a group of people living on their own.
EN
In this article the well-being is a sum of partial subjective satisfactions: satisfaction with life, satisfaction with sexual life, and mental health. Social activity and physical activity are playing important role in well-being in elderly. The aim of this article is to understand how those spheres of human activity are shaping subjective well-being in women after 50 and to reveal the mediating role of self-esteem. The study revealed self-esteem as an important predictor of well-being in elderly women, as well as a predictor of social activity. Those results are discussed in sociometric theory. The social activity is shaping the well-being through the self-esteem as a mediator. The physical activity is a direct predictor of social activity and mental health. The satisfaction with sexual life allows to predict the satisfaction with life, whereas mental health doesn’t. This effect can be explain by relatively good mental health that becomes ‘invisible good’.
EN
In maintaining and perfecting health capabilities pro-health behaviours are favourable, especially those related to a rational diet, recreational physical activity, effective ways of coping with psychological stress, avoiding psychoactive substances, avoiding risky sexual behaviours and undergoing preventive medical examinations. The aim of the study was to analyse the correlation between the level of healthrelated behaviours and satisfaction with life in the group of the academic youth studying pedagogical subjects at chosen universities in Cracow. The following variables were used and levels of satisfaction with life and health-related behaviours were characterized. The study verifies the hypothesis that the academic youth will show a wider scale of pro-health behaviours characterized by higher levels of satisfaction with life. The study was conducted in a random group of 486 participants – 416 women (85.60%) and 70 men (14.40%) at the age 22–28 years. The Inventory of Health-Related Behaviours (IHRB) by Juczyński (2009) was used for the assessment of four categories of health-related behaviours: proper nutrition habits (PNH), prophylaxis (P), pro-health practices (PHP) and positive attitude (PA). The intensity of pro-health behaviours was assessed with the use of the proper sten scores (Juczyński 2009). The standardised Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) by Diener et al. in the Polish adaptation by Z. Juczyński (2009) was used for the purpose of measuring the satisfaction with life. The above presented authors’ own research shows that the majority of Cracow students of pedagogical subjects was characterized by an average satisfaction with life and low levels of pro-health behaviours. What was also indicated were the interdependencies between particular categories of pro-health behaviours and the level of life satisfaction.
PL
Zachowaniu i doskonaleniu potencjału zdrowotnego sprzyjają zachowania prozdrowotne związane w szczególności z racjonalnym sposobem żywienia, podejmowaniem rekreacyjnej aktywności fizycznej, korzystaniem z badań profilaktycznych, efektywnym radzeniem sobie ze stresem psychologicznym oraz unikaniem substancji psychoaktywnych i ryzykownych kontaktów seksualnych. Celem badań była analiza zależności między zachowaniami prozdrowotnymi a satysfakcją z życia młodzieży akademickiej o nauczycielskim profilu kształcenia. Badania przeprowadzono w losowo wybranej grupie 486 osób, w tym 416 kobiet (85,60%) i 70 mężczyzn (14,40%), w wieku 22–28 lat. Na podstawie Inwentarza Zachowań Zdrowotnych (IZZ) Z. Juczyńskiego (2009) oceniono cztery kategorie zachowań zdrowotnych: prawidłowe nawyki żywieniowe (PNŻ), zachowania profilaktyczne (ZP), praktyki zdrowotne (PZ) i pozytywne nastawienie psychiczne (PNP). Do pomiaru ogólnego zadowolenia z życia wykorzystano standaryzowaną Skalę Satysfakcji z Życia (SWLS) E. Dienera i współautorów w adaptacji Z. Juczyńskiego (2009). Badania własne wykazały, że w stylu życia badanej młodzieży dominuje niski poziom zachowań prozdrowotnych oraz przeciętna satysfakcja z życia. Wykazano też zależności pomiędzy nasileniem poszczególnych kategorii zachowań prozdrowotnych i poziomem satysfakcji z życia.
EN
There are approximately 38 million HIV-positive patients in the world. The effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy has significantly increased the life expectancy of infected patients. The objective of this study was to observe the relationship between resilience (assessed using the SPP-25 Scale), coping strategies (Mini-COPE Scale) as well as trauma effects (SF-CiOQ Scale) and quality of life (SWLS Scale) in people living with HIV. The study included 78 individuals (26 women and 52 men) aged 18–65 years. Significant relationships between resilience and coping strategies were demonstrated in people living with HIV. Resilience and active coping were conducive to positive trauma effects and satisfaction with life. Non-adaptive coping strategies favored negative trauma effects. The strategy of positive reframing acted as a mediator in the relationship between resilience vs. positive and negative trauma effects in people living with HIV. The scores indicate the need for practitioners to focus on interventions which elevate resilience and active coping to improve mental health in people living with HIV.
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Duchowość a zadowolenie z życia seniorów

75%
EN
Observation of human behaviour leads to refl ections on individual diff erences in spirituality concerning intensity of spiritual life and meanings entailing from transcendental objects. Th e purpose of the research, participants of which included 380 senior citizens – 237 women and 143 men, was to determine the satisfaction with one’s spiritual growth against the background of overall life satisfaction. Th e research was conducted by means of the diagnostic poll method using a survey questionnaire. On the basis of the collected data it may be concluded that older people are moderately satisfi ed with their spiritual growth. Th e evidence points to the lower level of satisfaction with deepening their faith than with participation in church services. Th e participants described their satisfaction with passing on their faith as moderate. Th e overall life satisfaction level has been established as higher than the level of satisfaction with spiritual growth.
EN
The present research work makes a contribution to the studying of social identity, place attachment and sense of community for citizens. The objects of investigation are practical aspects of social identity, place attachment and sense of community for citizens in Sweden, Finland and Latvia. Sociological survey had been used. The most active participants of survey in all tested regions were women at the economically active age (Helsinki, Riga) or retired (Norrkoping). The majority of those, who are living more than 20, 30 and 40 years in the same neighbourhood, live in Riga. The most active people, who participate in local arrangements, are in majority in Helsinki. People mentioned that they participate because they want to be updated on the future plans of their neighbourhoods. Finnish people want to feel the sense of community. Latvian people want to affect the future of neighbourhood and to explore the arrangements for to get acquainted with neighbours. The data might be reflecting common situation for all countries: the economically active people are busy at work. The Latvian data indirectly indicate to low level of communication between inhabitants and local actors or official representatives of municipality. Perhaps, there is a good tradition to participate in different gallops, surveys and people feel results (effectiveness) of those activities there in Sweden and Finland. Riga respondents are not so optimistically tuned on effectiveness of those arrangements. In spite of high readiness of participation in surveys and gallops, people assess their possibilities in neighbourhood development too low (Sweden, Finland). And vice versa, 67% of Latvian respondents assess their possibilities of participating in neighbourhood development more realistic and 10% totally dissent with this. People, in general, want to influence, to improve (if is not yet excellent, suitable, safe), may be also, to be proud of their neighbourhood. In general, there are mentioned all local actors to be important and be involved in neighbourhood development. Finnish respondents of survey highly assessed the role of local associations and local policymakers. Safety was the number one issue in all three cities. It seems that in Norrkoping people are quite satisfied with the comfort of their neighbourhood, and in Riga and Helsinki there could be some room for improvement. Regarding the commercial services the present situation is viewed best in Riga, where 67% of the respondents partly or totally agree with the statement. The question about good sense of community seems to divide opinions in every city. It’s difficult to say, about the underlying factors in each city or each neighbourhood.
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