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EN
The article The forgotten page. On the introduction of film education to Polish schools raises a subject of film education in Polish schools. At the beginning of the article the author focuses on the groundbreaking school curriculum introduced to Polish schools in 2009. The teachers of Polish have had to include the elements of film education within their course since then. At the same time Polish Film Institute provided fourteen thousand schools with the packages of film materials. It was supposed to support film education in schools. The initiative was warmly approved by the press and various media. Nonetheless, it was not the first initiative of this kind in Poland as similar programme was introduced to schools in the 1930s by Film Institute of Polish Telegraphic Agency. The article is devoted to the description of this forgotten period of Polish education, which was terminated by the outbreak of World War II.
EN
The aim of this paper is to show the importance of intercultural competence for identity construction in a globalized world. Pedagogical, as well as methodological approaches are given to show how intercultural competence is implemented by Ethnologie in Schule und Erwachsenenbildung, a Germany-based NGO.
EN
The article presents the results of a study on the use of individual tasks with children of primary school age in the conditions of independent work at home. The purpose of this article is to develop and experimentally validate a methodology for the use of individual tasks in terms of independent work at home, aimed at improving physical fitness of children of primary school age. Practical value of the work consists in development of methods of using individual tasks in physical education of children of primary school age in conditions of independent work at home, which can be applied in the process of extracurricular work in physical education of children as individual homework, according to the new curriculum for physical education. The study is based on generally accepted concepts of leading scientists in the field of physical education and sport. Research methods are: analysis and generalization of literary sources, physical fitness testing, and methods of mathematical statistics. The studies revealed that the level of physical preparedness of junior pupils is low. Considering the data obtained, we developed a technique of using individual tasks in terms of independent work at home, aimed at increasing the level of physical preparedness of children of primary school age. Experimental results proved the effectiveness of our proposed method for increasing the level of physical preparedness of junior pupils. The results of the experimental studies indicate that the proposed experimental method is a reliable means of improving physical fitness of children of this age and can be used in secondary schools as a procedure of individual homework assignments, according to the new curriculum for physical education. Further studies involve the development and experimental substantiation of the method of individual tasks usage in conditions of independent work at home to enhance physical fitness level of children of secondary school age.
EN
The author of the paper presents some futurological theories of the development of education and society. They represent an important theoretical and methodological basis for the creation of an educational society in which the educational system has an important function. In the previous but also in the present period, this system is undergoing transformational changes, the intention of which is to improve the quality of education for the needs of the educational society. In a wide range of information that also penetrates the school curriculum, it is important to be able to orientate, which is helped not only by the teacher but also by the student himself with his critical thinking. From this point of view, the author focuses on the results of the PISA research, which presents the reading literacy of students in Slovakia.
SK
Vybrané futurologické teórie vývoja spoločnosti sú základným odkazom predloženej štúdie. Predstavujú dôležité teoreticko-metodologické východisko pre formovanie vzdelanostnej spoločnosti, v ktorej má dôležitú funkciu vzdelávací systém. V predchádzajúcom, ale aj v súčasnom období, prechádza tento system transformačnými zmenami, ktorých zámerom je skvalitnenie vzdelania pre potreby vzdelanostnej spoločnosti. V širokom spektre informácií, ktoré prenikajú aj do školského kurikula je dôležité vedieť sa orientovať, k čomu napomáha nielen učiteľ, ale aj samotný žiak so svojim kritickým myslením. Autorka sa, z tohto pohľadu, zameriava aj na výsledky výskumu PISA, ktoré prezentujú čitateľskú gramotnosť žiakov na Slovensku.
PL
Przedmiot refleksji teoretycznej oraz badań empirycznych w prezentowanym artykule koncentruje się wokół wychowania do pokoju. W pierwszej części podjęto próbę przedstawienia poglądów wybranych niemieckich myślicieli od Oświecenia do czasów współczesnych na temat pokoju. W drugiej części dokonano analizy programów szkolnych historii, geografii i wiedzy o społeczeństwie, obowiązujących w landzie Hamburg w latach 2004-2014, pod kątem występujących w nich celów i treści wychowania do pokoju. Wynika z niej, iż wychowanie do pokoju oparte jest przede wszystkim na wartościach takich jak tolerancja, poszanowanie godności, równość, solidarność i odpowiedzialność za siebie i innych. Ponadto obecne w programach cele i treści nauczania promują wiedzę i umiejętności na rzecz zapobiegania konfliktom i przemocy, rozwiązywania sporów i tworzenia warunków dla zapanowania pokojowych relacji z innymi.
EN
The paper focuses on theoretical reflection and empirical research in the field of peace education. The first part attempts to present the views of selected German philosophers from Enlightenment to modern times. The second part analyzes the school curricula of history, geography and social knowledge, valid in Hamburg in the years 2004-2014, in terms of their goals and content of peace education. The current paper claims that peace education is based primarily on values such as tolerance, respect for dignity, equality, solidarity and responsibility for oneself and others. In addition, curricular objectives and content in the curricula promote knowledge and skills to prevent conflict and violence, resolve conflicts and create conditions for the establishment of peaceful relationships with others.
EN
he article points to the wisdom and the value of visual arts educa-tion in children of primary school age. This education is of essential importance to the development of child's enactive, iconic and symbolic spheres. On the basis of her own programme, the author shows the universal premises of visual arts education. The programme is based on the analytical psychology approach to shaping of visual perception that is considered to be a stimulator of child's art activities. We are confronted by an innovative and interesting approach to visual arts education in children of primary school age.
PL
Autorka zwraca uwagę na celowość i wartość kształcenia plastycz-nego dziecka w wieku wczesnoszkolnym, które oddziałuje na nie i kształtuje jego rozwój w sferze enaktywnej, ikonicznej i symbolicznej. Wskazano na uniwersalne założenia edukacji plastycznej dziecka w oparciu o program Autorki. Wynika on z podejścia psychologiczno-analitycznego w kształtowaniu percepcji wzrokowej jako stymulatora działań plastycznych dziecka. Jest to interesująca i innowacyjna propozycja w zakresie edukacji plastycznej dziecka.
Kultura i Społeczeństwo
|
2020
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vol. 64
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issue 3
121-141
PL
For the teaching of history in schools to be effective, it must be useful for something – either in an intellectual sense (for a better understanding of the world) or in a practical sense (for various professions related to the humanities). The only purpose of teaching an “encyclopedia of facts” is that it is good to have a minimum of knowledge in every field. Teaching history to mark group identity is acceptable, as is any education in the field of national culture, provided it is not exclusive with regard to the heritage and achievements of others. As a history teacher, the author does not accept the teaching of history for the purpose of inculcating a sense of national pride. He would like the study of history to increase the intellectual abilities of students, and in effect, their wisdom.
EN
In this article, the author discusses the reasons for creating the National Education Commission, its links with the Enlightenment, the school program, PE and, above all, the centralized system of management and financing of the reform. In the first place, reference was made to the characteristic trends of the Enlightenment, the way the Republic of Poland functioned until the partitions, and in the second part to KEN reform. The reform was not the effect of the long-term state education policy. It was created thanks to the coincidence of the unexpected liquidation of the Jesuit Order in Europe. The financial security of the reform was money gained from the sale of wealth of the Order, used thanks to the pioneering system in Europe of centralized management and financing of the reform. As it turned out, this system – in the absence of control – made it possible to squander and even misappropriate a large part of the funds. The effect of this was the collapse of many schools and a small number of secular teachers (eg. PE was often conducted by older students). In the KEN reform, it is difficult to find the characteristic features of the Enlightenment, because of world-view and mental-cultural issues. Moreover, the reform did not have long term prospects on the one hand due to the limited size of post-Jesussian wealth, on the other – due to the lack of alternative finacial security – regularly incoming taxes to the state, which was not the case in the Commonwealth of Poland.
PL
W niniejszym artykule autor omawia przesłanki utworzenia Komisji Edukacji Narodowej, jej związki z oświeceniem, program szkolny, wychowanie fizyczne, a przede wszystkim scentralizowany system zarządzania i finansowania jej reformy. W pierwszej kolejności odniesiono się do charakterystycznych trendów oświecenia, sposobu funkcjonowania RP do czasu rozbiorów, w drugiej – do reformy KEN. Reforma nie była efektem długofalowej polityki edukacyjnej państwa. Była możliwa dzięki zbiegowi okoliczności, jakim była nieoczekiwana likwidacja zakonu jezuitów w Europie. Zabezpieczenie finansowe reformy stanowiły środki ze sprzedaży majątku zakonu, wykorzystane dzięki pionierskiemu w Europie systemowi scentralizowanego zarządzania i finansowania reformy. Jak się okazało, ów system – przy braku kontroli – umożliwiał roztrwonienie, a nawet sprzeniewierzenie dużej części środków uzyskanych ze sprzedaży pojezuickiego majątku. Efektem tego był upadek wielu szkół i niewielka liczba świeckich nauczycieli (np. wychowanie fizyczne często prowadzili starsi uczniowie). W reformie KEN trudno – z powodu kwestii światopoglądowych i mentalno-kulturowych – się doszukać charakterystycznych cech oświecenia, co więcej, reforma nie miała perspektyw; z jednej strony – z powodu ograniczonej wielkości pojezuickich majątków, z drugiej – z braku alternatywnego zabezpieczenia, jakim są regularnie napływające podatki do kasy państwa, czego w Rzeczypospolitej nie było.
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