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The Invisible Immigrant Child in the Norwegian Classroom: Losing Sight of Polish Children’s Immigrant Status Through Unarticulated Differences and Behind Good Intentions

100%

Wærdahl R.

Central and Eastern European Migration Review

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2016

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vol. 5

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issue 1

93-108

EN

Poles are today the largest group of family immigrants to Norway. Since Polish immigration is an intra-European movement of labour, there are no specific laws or regulations, apart from labour regulations, pertaining to the introduction of Polish families to Norway and their settlement there. Consequently, there are few guidelines in schools and local authorities on dealing with Polish children in school. They receive the same introduction to school as immigrants from any other background, with no consideration of the specific characteristics of Poles. Equally, their parents are not eligible for the orientation courses and language classes that are offered to adult asylum seekers or refugees. As these are expensive, many Polish parents postpone language classes until they can afford them or find alternative ways of learning language and culture. In this article, I explore the inclusion of Polish children in Norwegian schools through the voices of teachers receiving Polish children in their classrooms and Polish mothers of children attending school in Norway. Interviews with both teachers and mothers reveal inadequate understandings of each other’s conceptions of school, education and the roles of home and school in the education of children. They also demonstrate a limited understanding of culturally bound interpretations of each other’s actions. Although both sides are committed to the idea of effective integration, we risk overlooking the social and academic challenges that Polish children face in Norwegian schools unless conceptions and expectations of school and education are articulated and actions are explained and contextualised. There is also a risk that cultural differences will be perceived as individual problems, while real individual problems may be overlooked due to poor communication between schools and families. The data is drawn from an extended case study including classroom observations, interviews with teachers and Polish mothers in Norway, and focus groups of educators and researchers in the field of social work.

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School integration in the eyes of migrant children. Based on the Polish migration to Norway

72%

Strzemecka S.

Przegląd Socjologiczny

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2015

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vol. LXIV (64)

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issue 1

81-101

EN

In the context of the contemporary wave of migration from Poland to Norway and the growing interest in research on child migrants, this article focuses on children’s experiences, their opinions, and the practices by which Polish migrant children growing up in Norway engage in school life in their receiving country. School integration is examined through 32 semi-structured interviews with the children aged 6 to 13, born in Poland and living permanently in Norway. In this article, migrant children are treated as experts on their school integration. Such an approach will help us to better understand their needs, and thus to develop an appropriate educational policy in Norway based on migrant children’s experiences and their opinions about their school life. The aim of this article’s is to fill the knowledge gap pertaining to the integration of Polish children in Norway, seen from the missing perspective of the children themselves. The argumentation is based on the assumption that Polish children in Norway are “temporarily visible”. When a migrant child does not manage to adapt to the school environment, regardless of the support he or she receives from school, family and peers, then the costs of inclusion and integration increase and the difficulties multiply.

PL

W kontekście współczesnej fali emigracji z Polski do Norwegii oaz rosnącego zainteresowania badaniami z dziećmi migrantami, artykuł skupia się na doświadczeniach, opiniach i praktykach, przez które polskie dzieci dorastające w Norwegii włączają się w życie szkolne w tym kraju przyjmującym. Analiza integracji szkolnej opiera się na 30 pół-ustrukturyzowanych wywiadach z dziećmi w wieku 6 do 13 lat, urodzonymi w Polsce i mieszkającymi na stałe w Norwegii. Dzieci migrantów będę traktować jako ekspertów w dziedzinie swojej integracji szkolnej. Taka perspektywa przyczyni się do lepszego zrozumienia ich potrzeb, a tym samym do tworzenia adekwatnej polityki edukacyjnej w Norwegii, bazującej na doświadczeniach i opiniach dzieci migrantów na temat ich życia szkolnego. Celem artykułu jest uzupełnienie niedostatku wiedzy na temat integracji szkolnej polskich dzieci w Norwegii z punktu widzenia dzieci. Wiodącą tezą artykułu jest twierdzenie, że dzieci polskich imigrantów są „tymczasowo widoczne” w norweskiej szkole. Jeśli dziecko migrant nie podejmie wysiłków, aby przystosować się do środowiska szkolnego, bez względu na wsparcie które otrzymuje od szkoły, rodziny oraz rówieśników, to wraz z upływem czasu koszty integracji wzrosną i stanie się ona trudniejsza.

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Uczeń z wadą słuchu w integracyjnym i włączającym systemie nauczania

58%

Wereszka K.

Forum Pedagogiczne

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2017

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vol. 7

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issue 2

91-104

EN

A hearing-impaired child as well as his/her hearing peers in Poland has the right to education. This right is granted in the system of mainstream, inclusive or special education. The choice of the school is made by the child’s parents on the basis of the special educational needs certificate issued by the team of specialists from the psychological and educational counseling service. The article lists the most common educational problems of a hearing-impaired child in the mainstream or inclusive system. Also, the causes of these problems are analyzed and some possible solutions are suggested.

PL

Dziecko z wadą słuchu, podobnie jak jego słyszący rówieśnicy, ma w Polsce prawo do nauki. Jest ono realizowane w systemie edukacji ogólnodostępnej, integracyjnej i specjalnej. Wyboru placówki dla dziecka dokonują jego rodzice na podstawie orzeczenia zespołu specjalistów z poradni psychologiczno-pedagogicznej o potrzebie kształcenia w odpowiednim typie placówki. W artykule przedstawiono najczęstsze problemy edukacyjne dziecka z wadą słuchu, które jest objęte nauczaniem w systemie edukacji integracyjnej i włączającej. Analizie poddano również przyczyny powyższych problemów, a także wskazano propozycje ich rozwiązania.

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1 Central and Eastern European Migration Review

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1 Wereszka K.

1 Wærdahl R.

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The Invisible Immigrant Child in the Norwegian Classroom: Losing Sight of Polish Children’s Immigrant Status Through Unarticulated Differences and Behind Good Intentions

School integration in the eyes of migrant children. Based on the Polish migration to Norway

Uczeń z wadą słuchu w integracyjnym i włączającym systemie nauczania