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PL
Due to the complexity of tasks, powers and responsibilities, an important issue for the efficiency and quality of schools and other educational institutions is the selection and preparation of the leaders of these institutions. In the post-transformation era in Poland legal empowerment and the tasks of the school principals were the subject of numerous modifications. The scope of responsibilities of school principals is correlated with the demands for candidates to these positions. Curriculum overview of postgraduate studies and courses in education management discloses a basic rather than a thorough level of substantive preparation of candidates for leadership positions. In selecting the adequate people for the nomination to these positions it is also proposed to consider the suitability of candidates for managerial and leadership roles in target institutions.
EN
Due to the complexity of tasks, powers and responsibilities, an important issue for the efficiency and quality of schools and other educational institutions is the selection and preparation of the leaders of these institutions. In the post-transformation era in Poland legal empowerment and the tasks of the school principals were the subject of numerous modifications. The scope of responsibilities of school principals is correlated with the demands for candidates to these positions. Curriculum overview of postgraduate studies and courses in education management discloses a basic rather than a thorough level of substantive preparation of candidates for leadership positions. In selecting the adequate people for the nomination to these positions it is also proposed to consider the suitability of candidates for managerial and leadership roles in target institutions.
EN
Research background: The fundamental conclusions about the relationship be-tween personnel management and organizational performance can be also applied to personnel management in primary and secondary schools,  which play an important role in the society. There is no doubt that headmasters, deputy headmasters and other school managers who want to achieve excellent performance of their schools, must pay special attention to management of all employees (including teaching and non-teaching staff) because their abilities, motivation and performance determine the desired results of schools. Purpose of the article: The purpose of the article is to define particular categories of man-agers in Czech primary and secondary schools and specify their responsibilities and competencies in personnel management in order to propose an optimal organization of personnel management at Czech schools. Methods: Achieving the purpose of the article is based on the analysis of available scientific literature and the results of the authors' questionnaire survey on the organization of personnel management at Czech primary and secondary schools. The survey was conducted from January to March 2017. The respondents were headmasters, deputy headmasters and other managers of Czech primary and secondary schools. The relevant data were obtained from 90 respondents. The data analysis was based on the calculation of relative frequencies and the evaluation of the dependence of responses using contingency tables and chi-square tests of independence. Findings & Value added: The findings show that responsibilities for managing teaching and non-teaching staff at Czech schools belong not only to headmasters, but also to other managers at schools, including deputy headmasters, head teachers, heads of school clubs, heads of school canteens, educational consultants, school psychologists, treasurers, or school caretakers. Anyone who influences and directs others in the organization should be involved in personnel management and participate in various personnel management activities related to employee selection, appraisal, compensation or training. The significant competencies of headmasters and other managers in personnel and school management include managerial competencies (the ability to manage others), personal competencies (the ability to manage yourself), or professional competencies (the ability to manage the school).
EN
The text represents some of the results of a qualitative research aimed at the recognition of the life and professional careers of basic school headteachers. Attention is mainly focused on the presentation and interpretation of the advanced stages in headteachers’ careers. Following the previous explanatory study about the accession to the headteacher function and the stage of adaptation, the newly identified career stages are interpreted in relation to the developments in headteacher’s attitude to the execution of his/her function. This text brings empirically substantiated arguments explaining the direct relation between headteachers’ professional careers and school management and leadership.
EN
The article presents the issue of school management during the epidemiological restrictions in Poland. The article is theoretical and empirical. The research assumptions were implemented through interviews with primary school headmasters. The interviews aimed at determining the general perspective about the management procedures imposed by the Ministry of National Education and GIS.
PL
W artykule podjęta została problematyka kierowania szkołą w obliczu aktualnej sytuacji epidemiologicznej w Polsce. Szczególnie uwzględniono w nim zagadnienie organizacji i zarządzania wybraną instytucją. Artykuł ma charakter teoretyczno-empiryczny. Założenia badawcze zrealizowano poprzez wywiady przeprowadzone z dyrektorami szkół podstawowych. Miały one na celu ustalenie ich perspektywy kierowania placówką w obliczu wytycznych MEN i GIS związanych z pandemią.
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EN
The article attempts to analyze the causes and manifestations of the basic types of threats to which both, students and teachers, may be exposed in the post-industrial civiliza-tion (referred to by Alvin Toffler as the civilization of the third wave, dominated by the com-munication revolution). Selecting particular types of threats, the author focuses on the most important ones, draws attention to the fact that a crucial force affecting the increasing num-ber of threats at school is not only the polarization of cultural and civilizational life, dividing students into talented, enterprising, with high material status and weak, poor, excluded, and sometimes even plunged into social pathology. It also indicates the need to take into account the importance of sources of the threats related to human nature, such as egoism or perse-cutory tendencies and the institutional dimension of the school, e.g. work organization, man-agement methods, teachers' competences, rules governing social relations at school, etc.
PL
Artykuł podejmuje próbę analizy przyczyn i przejawów podstawowych typów zagrożeń na jakie mogą być narażeni w dobie cywilizacji poprzemysłowej (określanej przez Alvina Tofflera mianem cywilizacji trzeciej fali, której dominantą jest rewolucja komunikacyjna ) zarówno uczniowie, jak i nauczyciele. Dokonując selekcji poszczególnych typów zagrożeń autorka koncentruje się na generaliach, zwracając uwagę na fakt, iż istotną siłę generującą zagrożenia w szkole stanowi nie tylko polaryzacja życia kulturowo-cywilizacyjnego, dzieląca środowisko szkolne na uczniów zdolnych, przedsiębiorczych, o wysokim statusie materialnym i na słabych, biednych, wykluczonych, czasem wręcz pogrążających się w patologii społecznej. Wska-zuje również na konieczność uwzględniania znaczenia źródeł zagrożeń związanych z naturą człowieka, takich jak np. egoizm czy skłonności prześladowcze oraz z wymiarem instytucjonalnym szkoły, np. organizacją pracy, sposobem zarządzania, kompetencjami nauczycieli, zasadami regulującymi stosunki społeczne w szkole itd.
PL
Przedmiot rozważań w niniejszym artykule stanowią: praca dyrektora szkoły i jej wyróżniki oraz problematyka ról i rozwoju zawodowego dyrektora szkoły. W artykule podkreślam konieczność synkretycznego ujęcia w osobie dyrektora szkoły ról związanych z administrowaniem, zarządzaniem i przywództwem w szkole i jej otoczeniu oraz stawiam pytanie o to, co leży u podstaw kompetencji pracy dyrektorów szkół pod nieustanną presją. Wyprowadzam wnioski odnoszące się do rozwoju zawodowego dyrektorów i ich profesjonalizmu.
EN
The subject of discussion in this article includes work headmaster and its distinguishing features and issues of roles and professional development of school director. The article emphasizes the need syncretic approach in the person of headmaster roles related to the administration, management and leadership of the school and its environment, and puts the question of what underlies the competence of school principals working under constant pressure. The conclusions concerning the professional development of directors and their professionalism.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań z zakresu efektywności wykorzystywania elektro-nicznego systemu zarządzania szkołą, które zrealizowane zostały w ramach pracy magisterskiej. Głównym celem badawczym było określenie zmian, jakie zachodzą pod wpływem wykorzystywa-nia dzienników elektronicznych w szkolnictwie.
EN
The article presents results of research on the effectiveness of the use of an electronic system of school management that were implemented as part of thesis. The main objective of the research was to determine the changes occurring under the influence of the use of electronic class register in education.
EN
Considering the students’ diversity with regards to abilities, skills, access school conditions, health conditions, ethnic background and even immigrant students who are not fluent in the Spanish language, most Primary and Secondary Schools are assuming an inclusive education. In the European Higher Education Area, and more specifically, in the Teacher Training degree, School Placements constitute the basic starting point and, in fact, they are a challenge for pre-service teachers. Undoubtedly, these students do not only carry out School Practice in normalized Primary Schools, rather they need to know the school’s real functioning, its internal management and organization, the human, material and technical resources to face up students’ diversity and offer them the necessary educative attention. Roughly speaking, the I School Practices are aimed at getting engaged in the knowledge of official and institutional documentation. For this reason, this case study analyses how the I School Placements are carried out in a Spanish inclusive Primary School, located in Zaragoza which belongs to the region of Aragón. The research developed focuses on the analysis of the School Education Project, as far as we believe it is devoted to reflect how school works on (general and specific syllabus designs, guidelines, teaching-learning processes, didactic objectives, methodological approaches, classroom organization, assessment types and techniques and so on). In this sense, the results illustrate how the theoretical and the practical principles implicitly and explicitly undertaken in this school improve the development of an authentic inclusive education.
PL
Mając na uwadze różnorodność studentów, ich indywidualne spojrzenie, predyspozycje, umiejętności, dostęp do edukacji i ochrony zdrowia, pochodzenie etniczne, a także środowisko imigranckie, które niejednokrotnie słabo włada językiem hiszpańskim, większość szkół podstawowych i średnich dopuszcza nauczanie inkluzyjne. W europejskim środowisku akademickim, a dokładniej w obszarze kształcenia nauczycieli, ten typ nauczania jest wyzwaniem dla przyszłych nauczycieli. Bez wątpienia studenci przygotowujący się do zawodu nauczyciela podczas pierwszych praktyk potrzebują wiedzy o funkcjonowaniu szkoły, wewnętrznym zarządzaniu i organizacji, zasobach ludzkich i źródłach technik nauczania, aby zaoferować uczniom niezbędne indywidualne podejście. Pierwsze praktyki szkolne przyszłych nauczycieli opierają się na ich zaangażowaniu w poznawanie dokumentacji instytucji. Niniejsza praca analizuje przebieg praktyk studenckich przyszłych nauczycieli w hiszpańskiej szkole podstawowej w Saragossie (region Aragón). Badanie skupia się na analizie „Projektu edukacji szkolnej”, który ukazuje funkcjonowanie szkoły (opisy sylabusów, przewodniki, opis procesów nauczania, przedmioty dydaktyczne, podejście metodologiczne, organizacja pracy w klasie szkolnej, techniki nauczania i wiele innych). Wyniki badań pokazują, jak teoretyczne i praktyczne reguły wpływają na polepszenie rozwoju edukacji inkluzyjnej.
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