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EN
The most important merits of Comenius in the history of education are his justifi-cation and the use of visualization in teaching, describing and justifying the class-lesson system with a breakdown into subjects of teaching, and he is credited with the work of the “improvement of human affairs” in the world in the spirit of “humanistic values”. A careful reading of Comenius’ textbooks, in particular his Orbis sensualium pictus (1658), shows that all these “merits” are the result of a simplified interpretation or even misinterpretation of his works, in particular – focusing only on the theoretical and visionary texts by Comenius and not taking into account his textbooks.
EN
Memories of World War II (WW2) have a deeply cultural dimension and therefore are interesting for intercultural studies. This paper is based on an interpretative analysis of some field and desk research data, carried out in Poland by an interdisciplinary team of social scientists, educators and historians in 2018–2020. It is focused on socio-educational factors in the transfer of knowledge and memory of WW2. The researchers try to distinguish socio-educational factors responsible for the preservation of this memory across a range of age cohorts. Sources of knowledge, school curricula and socio-demographic aspects are set against the measured levels of historic facts concerning WW2. The data sets derive from questionnaires, telephone interviews and in-depth interviews with diverse groups of respondents along with a review of teaching history curricula in 1946–2020. On the basis of the findings, it is argued that a successful transfer of memory and knowledge of WW2 goes beyond teaching history at schools and beyond the contemporary political agenda. This article is meant to serve as a barometer of social changes in respect to fading memories of WW2.
PL
W 2011 roku MEN zapowiedziało wprowadzenie do szkół e-podręczników. Był to jeden z elementów nowego programu adresowanego do szkół polskich, pt. „Cyfrowa szkoła”. Niniejszy artykuł jest sprawozdaniem z badań, które mają na celu pokazanie stanu bieżącego przygotowania szkół do realizacji tego zamierzenia. Wielu nauczycieli, dzięki wyposażeniu klas w tablice multimedialne, pracuje już na zajęciach, wykorzystując nowe technologie komunikacyjne. Nie zawsze jednak posługiwanie się przez dzieci i młodzież w życiu codziennym nośnikiem elektronicznym jest idealnym wskaźnikiem potwierdzającym to zamierzenie.
EN
Systems organizing education have always been connected with functioning of the social system. Gaining new expertise and, consequently, achieving higher social status, is connected with education. The directives of the Ministry of National Education (MEN) favor adjusting school to the changing environment and school needs. The teacher of a particular subject makes a decision concerning the choice of a student’s book, which is included in the books set for a given year by the headmaster of the school and approved by teachers’ board. MEN has lately worked on preparing e-student’s books for every subject and level of teaching in order to limit the costs of purchasing new student books and adapt students to the needs of the changing world on the basis of new technologies of transmitting information.
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