Full-text resources of CEJSH and other databases are now available in the new Library of Science.
Visit https://bibliotekanauki.pl

Results found: 16

first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last

Search results

Search:
in the keywords:  scientific discourse
help Sort By:

help Limit search:
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
EN
The article is devoted to the question of the opportunities for the utilization of individual authorial style provided in scientific discourse and scholarly communica¬tion. While established conventions and the high degree of normativity of scientific texts act in opposition to authorial originality, yet it is evident that individual authorial styles are expressed in this genre. The article aims to describe the resources used in the expression of individual style: essen¬tially, it is a matter of preferring specific choices from a set of established and generally accepted means of scientific discourse while reducing or eliminating others. Further on, this can even involve the inclusion of means which are not considered a legitimate part of scientific discourse (expressive or figurative means and the like). Specific aspects of individual styles are demonstrated using examples from texts by eminent Czech linguists.
PL
Artykuł odpowiada na pytanie, jakie możliwości użycia indywidualnego stylu autorskiego stwarzają dyskurs naukowy i komunikacja naukowa. Choć teksty naukowe podlegają obowiązującym w tej dziedzinie konwencjom i wykazują wysoki stopień normatywności, jednak jest rzeczą oczywistą, że i w nich również znajdują wyraz indywidualne style autorskie. Celem tego opracowania jest opis środków służących wyrażaniu stylu indywidualnego: zasadniczo sprowadza się to do preferowania wyboru pewnych środków, przy równoczesnej redukcji czy eliminacji innych środków stanowiących przyjęty i ogólnie uznawany repertuar stylu naukowego. W dalszej kolejności może tu wchodzić w grę wprowadzanie środków, które nie sa uważane za pełnoprawne elementy dyskursu naukowego (środków ekspresywnych, figuralnych itp.). Specyfika stylów indywidualnych ukazana jest na przykładach zaczerpniętych z tekstów wybitnych przedstawicieli lingwistyki czeskiej.
DE
Der Aufsatz befasst sich mit der Frage, welche Möglichkeiten für den Gebrauch des Individualstils eines Autors der wissenschaftliche Diskurses bieten. Obwohl das Verfassen von wissenschaftlichen Texten durch die Konventionen bedingt werden und diese Texte sich durch ein hohes Maß an Normierung auszeichnen, ist doch offensichtlich, dass sich in den wissenschaftlichen Texten auch Individualstil manifestiert. Der Aufsatz konzentriert sich auf die Beschreibung der Ausdrucksweise des Individualstils: im Prinzip handelt es sich um die Auswahl bei gleichzeigiger Reduktion oder Eliminierung von anderen Mittln des wissenschaftlichen Diskurses. Ferner werden auch Mittel verwendet, die nicht als legitimer Bestandteil des wissenschaftlichen Diskurses angesehen werden (u. a. expressive und figurative Mittel). Die spezifischen Züge verschiedener Individualstile werden mit Belegen aus Texten bedeutender Vertreter der tschechischen Linguistik aufgezeigt.
Stylistyka
|
2019
|
vol. 28
361-372
PL
The article concerns dynamic aspects of scientific discourse understood as a domain of communication subject to cultural influences. The problem, inspired by Michel Foucault’s concept of archaeology of scientific reason, is presented through the ex- ample of alchemy, a specific phenomenon co-creating a scientific discourse both in the past and in the present. The relation of science with its discursive aspect (in various ways) with the past, and thus also with memory is undeniable, no matter how you consider the issue. This relation also affects the perception of science as such and scientific discourses, which is still an interesting field of observation. The discourse(s) on alchemy and its very status in the universe of communication confirm the dynamics of science and the discourses belonging to or co-constituting it, but in no way do they confirm the thesis of the teleological (in the sense of improving development) history of communication, including scientific communication.
EN
The article deals with a linguistic approach to the subject of interpersonal interactions and the use of metaphors as a rhetorical techniques in the scientific register. The aim of this text is to describe the role of conceptual metaphors in scientific texts dealing with the theory of interactionism. Within the analysis of the linguistic and stylistic layer of theoretical studies of interactionism, the author will identify analogies between the particular aspects of interactions and source domains, which affect the constitution of certain forms of social cognition and thus the construction of knowledge. The study follows the methodological approach of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA).
EN
In this article, partial results of an empirical pilot study on prosodic strategies are presented in freely spoken conference presentations by German linguists. The study aims to take a closer look at the coexistence of prosodic and pragmatic phenomena in scientific discourse and to document the first observations on the speaking behavior of scientists in the field of prosody. The subject of investigation is three selected expert lectures, which were recorded as part of the GeWiss project at international conferences in Germany. The basis of the investigation is the auditory analysis carried out by the author, which is additionally supplemented by acoustic information in Praat.
Stylistyka
|
2017
|
vol. 26
305-320
EN
The author focuses on the history of the Polish scientific educational style. The 18th century science in is an area for empirical, theoretical, and practical knowledge of the natural world. The article discusses a Polish text by Krzysztof Kluk, Zwierząt domowych i dzikich, osobliwie krajowych, historii naturalnej początki i gospodarstwo (The beginnings of natural history and husbandry of farmed and wild animals, of domestic animals in particular) (vol. 1, 1779). The author provides us with a basic outline of zoology in 18th century and proposes a lecture on animals living in Poland. His lecture has two narrative planes: scientific and colloquial. In this article, the author proposes a methodology of text analysis. Careful stylistic analysis of 18th century scientific texts shows that Polish handbooks of zoology and economy have features that characterize modern scientific texts, namely bilingual communication, preference for specialist language, rhetorical figures, use of specific verb forms and distinct narrative structure.
EN
This paper is devoted to the analysis of the cognitive metaphor verbalization of THINKING IS A JOURNEY on the examples from Lexical semantics by J.D. Apresjan. Basing on the theory of cognitive metaphor by G. Lakoff and M. Johnson, the author of the article attempts to analyze and present the role of the abovementioned metaphor in scientific texts.
EN
The author considers the impact of postmodernism on contemporary humanities, and in particular on theoretical linguistics. The main thesis of the paper can be formulated as follows: postmodernism contributes to the increase of such tendencies in linguistics as: blurring of the subject of research, disregard for the ‘directives of language’, i.e. disuse of the conventional scientific language, violations of the requirement of verifiability of statements, and breaking of the rules of communication. The author examines elements of postmodern science using the example of several branches of modern linguistics: cultural linguistics (linguoculturology), ethnolinguistics, anthropological linguistics, cognitive linguistics, and discourse linguistics.
EN
The paper analyzes the cognitive functions of metaphors present in both colloquial and scientific discourse. First, presented is the history of research into linguistic metaphors, followed by a discussion of the psycholinguistic turn towards metaphors as thought schemas (George Lakoff and Mark Johnson), as well as metaphoricality embodied in gestures, images and behaviors and their socio-cultural contexts. Based on the analysis of metaphors in the natural sciences, mainly in physics (Max Black, Mary Hesse, Thomas Kuhn) as well as in psychology (Douwe Draaisma), the heuristic and methodological functions of metaphors in science are discussed. Finally, on this basis, a general model of the cognitive functions of metaphor is constructed in which, apart from the cognitive communicative functions, emphasized are also the pragmatic aspects of metaphorical thinking.
EN
As the sociology of scientific knowledge has revealed, research fields may frequently maintain or legitimize hypotheses independently or in the absence of experimental data or other empirical evidence constituting conclusive scientific proof in accordance with declared methodological standards. This essay aims to show certain of the mechanisms and social factors that allow scientific discourse to function as a self-referential system, i.e., in an autonomous manner in regards to the border conditions of empirical experience, as described by W. Quine. I particularly concentrate here on how the organization of scientific work in selected disciplines can result in the local findings of individual laboratories being quickly transformed into unrevisable facts (black boxes). The phenomenon of the self-reference of scientific discourse is well illustrated by the case of the debate on the cause of AIDS. This discourse was so configured that by referring to one another and by theoretical imputation researchers caused the hypothesis on the causal relation between HIV and AIDS to begin to be accepted as an indisputable fact, even though the corroborating evidence had not appeared in the meantime.
EN
The article focuses on the changes that are observed in a speech of a scientific style, a scientific communication. The research is based on the verbatim record of a Round-table discussion that took place in a leading Russian higher educational institution in 2008. A scientific speech, expressed in an oral form, was investigated. The results of the analysis prove the fact of neutralization and deforma­tion of the parameter features of a scientific style. A standard communicative situation is changed into a non-standard one. A post-modern culture probably influences the process of modelling of a post-modern linguistic culture, modern scientific speech transforming it, making it more democratic, “carnivalizing” it, making it rough and intimate, actualizing emotional and ideological evaluations. A new type of speech is formed, the discourse which is restricted of the definite parameters of a sci­entific communication. The neutralization of the style features has been traced. This neutralization causes the process of modelling of a new discourse of a syncretic type.
RU
В статье речь идет об изменениях, наблюдающихся в научном стиле речи, научной ком­муникации. Материал исследования — стенограмма Круглого стола, который проводился в одном из ведущих высших учебных заведений России (2008г.). Исследованию подверглась научная речь, выраженная в устной форме. Проведенный анализ подтверждает, что парамет-ральные черты научного стиля нейтрализуются и деформируются. Стандартная коммуника­тивная ситуация превращается в нестандартную. Культура постмодернизма, очевидно, влия­ет и на моделирование посмодернистской лингвокультуры, влияет на современную научную речь, видоизменяя ее — демократизируя, «карнавализируя», делая более грубой, интимизируя ее и актуализируя эмоциональные и идеологические оценки. Формируется новый тип речи, дискурс, лишенный четких параметров научной коммуникации. Прослеживаем нейтрализа­цию стилевых признаков и, как следствие, моделирование дискурса синкретического типа.
PL
The author analyzes the cognitive-discourse aspect of the semantic structur e of the treaty Nauka o tajně s(t): pokaęnїę (a translation from the Polish original) printed in 1671 by the imprimery of the Kyivan Cave Monastery. Found on the boundary line between theological literature and the secular genres, the Ukrainian scientifi c discourse was rather vague at that time; the text under consideration can be viewed therefore as a popular scientifi c one. The text is connected with the academic discourse through a complicated structure, typical of scholastic treaties, heterogeneous markers of the intertextuality, the use of indirect performative markers as well as markers of the prospection and retrospection. Its connection with the popular discourse is maintained through the elimination of authorship, the prevailing glossing rather than defi nitions of the respective terms. The dialogue model of addressing with the help of singular ‘you,’ which is common for preaching, is found in this treaty side by side with the inclusive ‘we.’ The treaty’s heterogeneous syntactic organization is marked by the combination of diff erent genres, namely, literature of practical purpose and sermons.
EN
This paper addresses the question of the function that ontological metaphors perform in the theory of evolution presented by Charles Darwin in his book On the Origin of Species. The analysis focuses on three concepts: (evolutionary) change, species/variety and natural selection as well as two types of ontological metaphors: objectification and personification. We claim that ontological metaphors constitute an indispensable step in conceptualization of abstract concepts and their precipitation in language. We have established that objectification and personification of the investigated concepts cannot be removed through paraphrase into literal language and that these metaphors shaped subsequent studies within the field of evolutionary biology. Consequently, we believe that ontological metaphors have primarily a theory-constitutive function, and the exegetical function is only marginal.
PL
Autorka opisuje relacje początków istnienia medium filmowego z badaniami fizjologów. W obu przypadkach postawa wobec zwierząt i ich życia wskazuje, że obszary te łączy wspólny dyskurs przemocowy – chociaż nie zawsze oczywisty, to jednak immanentnie związany z wykorzystywaniem przez człowieka swojego wyższego statusu kulturowego. Zwierzęta są traktowane jako materiał, który jest przez człowieka eksploatowany w sposób nieograniczony, a widowisko sankcjonuje tę eksploatację. Celem artykułu jest przyjrzenie się początkom historii kina w poszukiwaniu przykładów obecności zwierząt w filmie oraz wyznaczenie paraleli z przeprowadzanymi na nich eksperymentami. Autorka analizuje przykłady wczesnego kina – od Wyjścia robotników z fabryki (1895) Louis Lumière’a, przez Walczące koty (1894) Williama K. L. Dicksona, po Porażenie słonia prądem (1903) Edwina S. Portera – umieszczając je we współczesnym kontekście badań posthumanistycznych, szczególnie zaś animal studies.
EN
The author focuses on the relations between the new film medium and empirical physiology research. Both areas share a similar attitude towards animals and their lives, which reveals a violent discourse. Although this discourse was not always obvious, it was immanently linked with the cultural dominance of the human species. The function of animals in cinema and science is strictly pragmatic – they are a material exploited by humans. This is sanctioned by the frame of cinematic spectacle. The main aims of this article are to find animal presence in early cinema and compare these examples with animal experimentation. The author examines early-cinema examples (such as Exiting the Factory /1895/ by Louis Lumière, Boxing Cats /1894/ by William K. L. Dickson, or Electrocuting an Elephant /1903/ by Edwin S. Porter) with contemporary tools: posthumanism and animal studies.
EN
This article presents the results of content analysis of the global periodicals (1998-2018), which has been developed in order to provide data for several research projects. Text consists of few parts. Firstly, global periodical market is analysed in the field of security studies. Secondly, theoretical framework for content analysis results is delivered. Thirdly, interpretation of results is provided. In the summary author presents additional remarks in the context of Polish school of security studies.
PL
Artykuł przedstawia autorskie wyniki analizy zawartości globalnych czasopism naukowych 1998-2018, dokonanej podczas kwerendy na potrzeby kilku projektów badawczych. Tekst składa się z kilku części. W części pierwszej analizowany jest światowy rynek czasopism w obszarze studiów nad bezpieczeństwem (security studies), w części drugiej przedstawione są przekrojowe wyniki analizy treści, w części trzeciej zaprezentowana będzie autorska refleksja nad tymi wynikami. W podsumowaniu autor przedstawia wnioski w zakresie rozwoju studiów nad bezpieczeństwem w polskim kontekście.
EN
The article deals with the conceptualization of the moral values. They have been considered through the prism of the evolution of values from the times of an ancient Chinese philosophical thought to the heyday of modern Ukrainian philosophical ideas. The existence of the values in the Ukrainian poetic space has been also researched. The emphasis  has been placed on the linguistic aspects of creativity of artists, who distinguish the images of women among other valuable values in society. It has been determined, with the help of which language expressive means, a woman's image is differentiated in the works of V. Boyko and other masters of artistic word.
PL
Artykuł dotyczy konceptualizacji wartości duchowych. Są one rozpatrywane przez pryzmat ewolucji wartości od czasów starożytnej chińskiej myśli filozoficznej do rozkwitu współczesnych ukraińskich idei fi lozofi cznych. Badaniu poddano również system wartości w ukraińskiej przestrzeni poetyckiej. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na językowe aspekty kreatywności artystów, które wyróżniają wizerunki kobiet wśród innych cennych wartości w społeczeństwie. Określono środki stylistyczne, za pomocą których wizerunek kobiety jest zróżnicowany w twórczości W. Bojki i innych mistrzów słowa artystycznego.
RU
Предметом анализа в настоящей статье являются польский и русский переводы университетских романов Дэвида Лоджа. В качестве материала для анализа были использованы две первые части его трилогии – Changing Places и Small World. Университетские романы типичны прежде всего для англо-американского культурного пространства. Они обладают своей языковой и жанровой спецификой. Авторами этих романов являются, как правило, университетские преподаватели, они же выступают в роли главных героев. Ничего тогда удивительного в том, что на страницах данного типа произведений появляются элементы научного дискурса, а также культурные элементы, связанные с университетской жизнью, являющиеся, как правило, большим вызовом для переводчиков.
PL
Przedmiotem analizy w niniejszym artykule są tłumaczenia powieści uniwersyteckich Davida Lodge’a na język polski i rosyjski. W charakterze materiału do analizy wybrano dwie pierwsze części jego trylogii, a mianowicie Changing Places i Small World. Powieści uniwersyteckie są typowe przede wszystkim dla angielskiej i amerykańskiej przestrzeni kulturowej, mają swoją specyfikę językową i gatunkową. Ich autorami są najczęściej nauczyciele akademiccy, oni też występują w charakterze głównych bohaterów. Nic więc dziwnego, że na kartach powieści pojawiają się elementy dyskursu naukowego oraz elementy kulturowe związane z realiami życia uniwersyteckiego, które stanowią wyzwanie dla tłumaczy.
EN
The subject of analysis in this article is the translation of David Lodge’s campus novels into Polish and Russian. The first two parts of his trilogy were chosen for analysis, namely Changing Places and Small World. University novels, typical primarily for English and American cultural space, have their own linguistic and genre specifics. Their authors are most often academic teachers; they also act as the main characters. No Wonder elements of scientific discourse appear on the pages of the novel and cultural elements related to the realities of University life, which are a challenge for translators.
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.