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Jack London: a writing sailor, a sailing writer

100%
EN
The following paper analyzes how the experience of sailing shaped Jack London’s life and works. On the one hand, the paper recounts those events from the writer’s biography which contributed to his emotional attachment to the sea and created a realistic background for his texts. On the other hand, it focuses on a selection of London’s works—“Typhoon Off the Coast of Japan”, “Chris Farrington: Able Seaman”, The Sea-Wolf, and Martin Eden—in order to investigate how the experience of sea and sailing affects a character’s morality/personality, and to examine how the chosen narratives reflect and preserve London’s own memories of life on board.
Vox Patrum
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2008
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vol. 52
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issue 2
1245-1256
EN
The starting point of this article is to compare the sea and the life, which for people from the Mediterranean culture was something completely natural. Bearing in mind the numerous statements of the Fathers of the Church, we try to discover the source of such beliefs. We do this based on the three most popular marine allegories: the sea, the boat and ‘rescue board’, which stayed for good in patristic though. Because of the theme of the work we drew attention only to those elements which are obviously useful in better understanding of the patristic interpretation of the pericope about ‘Stilling of the Storm’. Special attention was given to the three groups of texts about: ‘boat of the State’, ‘boat of the soul’ and ‘boat of the world’, which could have a tangible influence on forming the thought of the Fathers of the Church associated with the symbolism of the Church boat. The way in which the Fathers of the Church use the complex symbols of Hellenist world shows theirs keen interest in current matters of the ordinary men and influence which faith rendered on their lives in the individual, as well as social dimension. The ancient symbolism inherent in the maritime assets in the context of patristic exegesis and constitutes an indelible part of theology of the original Church. The proper understanding is therefore of great importance for the correct interpretation of patristic writers’ views, particularly their views on the Church.
EN
The following article is the text of the speech at the “The Individual, The Society and Sustainable Development from Globaliziation to Glocalization” conference, with addition of basic bibliography. Held in Tirana on 14 April 2016 at Hena e Plote Beder University. The study has the purpose to examine the role of Roman law on protecting the marine environment. In the last decades of the Republic, and in the mid first century A.D. arose the first jurisprudential attempts conceptual definition of litus maris and its extension and were processed interventions of Roman praetors aimed at controlling the use of the sea and, therefore, to navigation and maritime commerce. The result was a situation articulated of what it was intended to outline some profiles.
EN
The article is dedicated to an analysis and assessment of the newest critical literary research works on Ex 13,17-15,21. The aim is to find the oldest literary version of the event. In the author’s opinion, it is to be searched in Ex 13,20-22; 14,5-7.10bA.11-14,19-20.21aA.24-25.27*.30-31* and attributed to the non-P authors, who place the entire event ‘by the sea’. In this version of events the Israeli people, after crossing the Egyptian border, found themselves in a desert. For the first time they have expressed some fears of their lives, which is known as ‘the motive of complaining’. They show fear of the pharaoh’s army, so Moses urges them not to fear because they would not see the Egyptians more and YHWH would fight for them. The description has a characteristic of a military battle, although the only acting against the Egyptian military power is the God of Israel. Thanks to a strong wind, which blew for the whole night, he dried the sea and the Israelites reached the other bank walking on dry land, when the Egyptians die when trying to escape pointing to the returning sea waters. The events have their own time scheme: night and danger, dawn and salvation. A final effect is showing by the Israelites a fear of YHWH and his servant Moses. In the author’s opinion this version has originated short time before the fall of Babylon and was written according to a motive of ‘the Day of YHWH’ in its version, which was in force in the utterances of prophets of the period of exile and later (the day of judgment of nations, as a beginning of the salvation of Israel).
EN
The sea is certainly not one of the favourite research topics of sociology and despite a recent and new popularity among historians and geographers, the sea remains generally a stranger to contemporary sociologists. Conversely, I think that to frame and shed light on the wider theoretical implications of maritime sociology would be beneficial to all possible approaches within sociological research. In this article I intend to give my contribution to the fulfillment of the expectation of above by discussing the ways sociology can understand the sea as a truly social space, beyond any abstract dichotomies separating “grounded” societies and offshore voids. Also, I try to suggest some concrete moves to relocate maritime sociology within the wider sociological debate and to develop the heuristic potential of the sea.
Gender Studies
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2013
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vol. 12
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issue 1
68-92
EN
The garden is a powerful imagery in Shakespeare history plays, yet the sea also plays an important role. By discussing episodes and metaphors related to the sea in Shakespeare’s first tetralogy, this paper aims to demonstrate Shakespeare’s macro-spatial perspective of England as an island, whose history is influenced by elements on and across the sea. The paper also examines Shakespeare’s dramatization of women’s interconnections with the sea. It attempts to contextualize Shakespeare’s dramatic representation of the sea and of women within English Renaissance maritime culture.
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Morze

75%
PL
Autorka przedstawia artykuł hasłowy morze do Słownika ludowych stereotypów językowych. Układ materiału jest, podobnie jak w pokrewnych artykułach, podzielony jest na dwie części: (1) eksplikacyjną – która podaje w postaci zdań definicyjnych ustabilizowane charakterystyki, jakie otrzymuje przedmiot hasłowy w tradycji ludowej i jakie pozwalają odtworzyć jego językowo-kulturowy obraz; (2) dokumentacyjną – która zawiera przede wszystkim cytaty z ludowych tekstów, w których wystąpiło hasło.
EN
The author presents an entry for the word sea for the “Dictionary of Folk Linguistic Stereotypes”. The layout of the material is – similarly as in the case of related articles – divided into two parts: (1) the explication part [or the definition], which, in a form of definitional sentences, presents the established characteristics of the defined unit in the folk tradition, and which allow for the reconstruction of its linguistic-cultural image, and (2) the evidence part which mainly contains examples from folk texts with the unit in question.
EN
Mass casualty incident (MCI) is one of the most difficult situation in emergency medicine. Due to the specific conditions, MCIs occurring at sea are usually far more demanding than those happening on land. In this paper the authors would like to describe the MCIs, which have happened during almost 10 years of functioning of the Polish Telemedical Maritime Assistance Service (TMAS). First incident concerned a group of migrants floating on a raft on the Gulf of Mexico. The cause of the second incident was acute organophosphate intoxication among the crew of the merchant ship. The third incident was triggered by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It is important to emphasize, that triage system may help in proper management of MCIs. Cooperation of the medical services, such as TMAS, local emergency medical staff, Search and Rescue (SAR) service and military force seems to be crucial in MCI managements occuring at sea. In case of any doubts, change of a course and heading to the nearest port or immediate evacuation should be taken into consideration. The authors believe that analysis of these incidents may help TMAS personnel all over the world to handle MCIs in the future. Med Pr. 2023;74(2)
DE
Der Band enthält die Abstracts ausschließlich in englischer Sprache.
EN
The Seven Princesses by Maurice Maeterlinck, Body white of men of the shade by Jean Louvet and Towards the sea by Émile Verhaeren match « water » and « death ». In a gradation towards more hope of defeating disappearance. These three authors disowned the Christianity which they knew when they were a child. An attentive reading of texts discovers in them however Christian recollections, more or less conscious, more or less assumed.
FR
Le présente article analyse les correspondances entre l’eau et la mort dans Les Sept Princesses de Maurice Maeterlinck, Corps blanc des hommes de l'ombre de Jean Louvet et Vers la mer d'Émile Verhaeren. Les trois auteurs y désavouent le christianisme qu'ils connaissaient lorsqu'ils étaient enfants. Une étude attentive des textes dévoilera leurs souvenirs chrétiens, plus ou moins conscients, plus ou moins assumés, liés à l’eau et la mort, ainsi qu’à l’espoir de vaincre la disparition. Elle  montrera aussi comment l’association « eau/mort » s’avère morbide, purificatrice ou régénératrice. 
RU
Том содержит аннотацию только на английском и французском языках.
EN
The aim of this paper is to find connections between the digital game Sunless Sea (Failbetter Games, 2015) and Joseph Conrad’s novels, particularly the ones touching on the subject of sea voyage. Sunless Sea is an exploration role-playing game which focuses on the topics of sailors’ loneliness, dual nature of the sea, and above all, player’s inevitable failure. These tropes are shown not only in the narrative structure of the game, but also in its mechanics and design choices. I believe that the game is heavily inspired by the notion of maritime life created by Conrad, as indicated by the quote from The Mirror of the Sea opening the game: “The sea has never been friendly to man. At most it has been the accomplice of human restlessness.”
EN
This paper proposes to examine Giulia Civita Franceschi’s work in the city of Naples, in favour of abandoned childhood. Between 1913 and 1928, she obtained by the Ministry of Navy and steered the training ship Caracciolo, which became for many urchins their home and family. So, they had the occasion to be saved from misery and delinquency. While before it they crowded streets, squares and arcades of the city, searching charity and ready to steel for surviving, on board ship they became little sailors, living a laborious and restrained life. Civita, inspiring to the concept of the sea as an educator, showed that thanks to her method, edged children and boys could become citizens, conscious of their rights and duties. The ship was site of visits by Italian and foreign delegations, which went to observe closer an educative experiment, considered as a pattern to imitate. The ship was a «second birth» for the Neapolitan urchins, offering them a new starting point, not an arrival point or a temporary protective recovery. The orientation impressed by Giulia Civita, in fact, marked the “Caracciolo” among other similar experiences as a unique educative pattern.
EN
Geographical words referring to water, such as river, stream sea or lake, have been used in language since the earliest. As water is considered essential for life in general, the names of water reservoirs and watercourses became popular and frequently used items in all languages. The present study is focused on the English names of natural water reservoirs (sea, lake) and watercourses (river, stream) and their regional spread in the 12th–15th centuries. The Old English names of watercourses and natural water reservoirs, sӕ, flod and ea, either survived in Middle English in a modified form or were (rarely) replaced by loanwords as the effect of the Norman Conquest of England in the 11th century. The research is concentrated on texts selected from the Innsbruck Corpus of Middle English Prose (Marcus 2008), with some material coming from the OED and MED. The analysis will show the extent of the loss of the original Anglo-Saxon words or their spread, frequently with a modified meaning. The analysis will also include the statistics of the terms in question in prose texts representing the chief dialects of the period. As regards the method, the present author makes use of the traditional semantic theories (e.g. Lyons 1977) and the prototype theory (e.g. Geeraerts 1997).
DE
Der Artikel enthält keine Abstracts in deutscher Sprache.
EN
The aim of this paper is to explore the specific and symbolic role of the sea in the whole work of Jean Muno (1924-1988), not only in his fantastic narratives. By including in this study some unknown but significant texts of this French-speaking Belgian writer, we will examine the reasons for the recurrence of the maritime landscape. We will highlight the strong links between the fictional creations of the author and his experience on different coasts - especially of the North Sea littoral - during his stays in holiday resorts (illustrated in the photos).
FR
L'objectif de cet article consistera à analyser la présence et le rôle spécifique de la mer dans l’ensemble de l’œuvre de l’écrivain belge francophone Jean Muno (1924-1988), sans nous limiter au pan de ses récits fantastiques et en incluant dans notre étude des textes méconnus pourtant significatifs de sa trajectoire.Après l'introduction, notre contribution s'articulera en trois parties, consacrées respectivement au bord de mer comme villégiature créatrice pour J. Muno, à l'ancrage diégétique maritime de ses fictions et à la symbolique de la mer qui y apparaît, en tant qu'horizon de liberté, et ce, avant de conclure notre réflexion.
RU
Том не содержит аннотаций на русском языке.
EN
Socioglobalistic at sea and coast deals with understanding and explaining the global problems of the modern world connected with maritime and around maritime matters. The social reality is presented in terms of objective and subjective determinants of individual and collective social relations at sea and connected with sea. The aim of the article is to present a broad scale of paradigms for new maritime sociology.
EN
The phosphorescence of the sea has aroused much questioning since antiquity and numerous studies address the topic in the 19th century, when this phenomenon (today referred to as bioluminescence) is given a biological explanation. Raising admiration, wonder, but also scientific controversy, the bright sea is a common motif, frequently reappearing in scientific travel writing, research studies in marine biology, popular science and literary texts. This paper examines the imaginary component which underlies these different texts and seems attached to the depiction of living light.
EN
The purpose of the present article is to discuss two literary motifs that can be traced throughout Anton Holban’s prose works: music and the sea. Holban, who wrote also music reviews for newspapers, had a genuine passion for music, which is reflected in his novels and short stories. Music appears in Holban’s literature as the highest form of artistic expression, and, at the same time, as a special and unique code used by lovers to communicate with each other, which isolates them from other people. Music seems to be more important than a relationship with a woman and even than literary creation. It may become an obsession. Listening to music in solitude gives the narrator an opportunity to explore his inner world and to be himself. The sea means much more than a landscape in Holban’s works. Like music, it has a symbolic dimension, being for the protagonists a source of extatic, almost mistic experience, as well as a witness to their deepest and most intimate feelings. From philosophical point of view, the sea means infinity, eternal movement and perfection.
EN
The work of seafarers on a seagoing ship involves numerous negative conditions which affect the physical and mental spheres of their functioning. The struggle with the environment, the inability to leave the ship, and the distance from the family and friends make sailors one of the professional groups at the highest risk of suicides. The author draws special attention to the social significance of seafarers’ suicides, which is related to the circumstances of committing these acts, their total number and their alarmingly high percentage among all causes of sailors’ deaths. Another advantage of the article is that it discusses the almost forgotten term “calenture”, unknown to modern scientific literature and probably related to the sea- farers’ inclination to suicide. The article is based on an analysis of committed suicides and of the unclear results of research into them.
PL
Praca marynarza na statku morskim stanowi przesłankę licznych negatywnych uwarunkowań w sferach fizycznej i psychicznej jego funkcjonowania. Zmagania ze środowiskiem, niemożność opuszczenia statku, odległość dzieląca od rodziny czy przyjaciół czynią z ludzi morza jedną z grup zawodowych charakteryzujących się największym ryzykiem zamachów samobójczych. Autor zwraca szczególną uwagę na społeczne znaczenie samobójstw marynarzy, co powiązane jest z okolicznościami popełniania tych czynów, łączną ich liczbą i niepokojąco wysokim odsetkiem wśród wszystkich przyczyn ich zgonów. Walorem artykułu jest również przypomnienie terminu „kalentura”, niemal zapomnianego, nieznanego współczesnej literaturze naukowej, a prawdopodobnie związanego ze skłonnością marynarzy do popełniania samobójstw. Artykuł opiera się na analizie popełnionych samobójstw i niejasnych wyników badań podjętych nad nimi.
Vox Patrum
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2018
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vol. 70
527-544
PL
W artykule przeanalizowano wszystkie wypowiedzi Jana Chryzostoma z Ho­milii na Ewangelię według św. Mateusza, w których pojawiają się terminy: pšla­goj and q£lassa używane przez naszego autora na określenie morza. Analiza ta pozwoliła wyodrębnić kilka grup metaforyki morza. Chryzostom wskazuje na morze jako jeden z elementów wszechświata (obok nieba i ziemi). Opisuje je jako niebezpieczny i nieokiełznany żywioł, który jednak poddany jest Chrystusowi. Obraz morza, przerastającego swym ogromem inne elementy wszechświata, słu­ży też złotoustemu na określenie bezmiaru i powszechności, a nawiązanie do mor­skich zagrożeń (wiatry, prądy morskie, burze, mielizny) skłania go do określenia ludzkiego życia do żeglugi przez wzburzone morze.
EN
In this article analyzes all statements of John Chrysostom from the Homilies on the Gospel of Saint Matthew containing terms: pšlagoj and q£lassa, used by our author as a designation of the sea. This analysis allowed for the extrac­tion of few groups of sea metaphors. Chrysostom points on the sea as one of the elements of the Universe (together with heaven and earth). He describes the sea as a dangerous and uncontrollable wild element, but still subjected to Christ. The image of the sea, which – because of its enormity – is beyond other elements of the Universe, is used by Golden Tongued to describe immensity and commonness. And the reference to sea threats (winds, sea currents, storms, shallows) inclines him to describe human life as a sailing across the rough sea.
EN
Islands have always occupied a significant place in literature and have been a source of inspiration for the literary imagination. Fictional islands have existed as either lost paradises, or places where law breaks down under physical hardships and a sense of entrapment and oppression. Islands can be sites of exotic fascination, of cultural exchange and of great social and political upheaval. However, they are more than mere locations since to be in a place implies being bound to that place and appropriating it. That means that the islands narrow boundaries, surrounded by the sea and cut off from mainland, can create bridges between the real and the imaginary as a response to cultural and social anxieties, frequently taking the form of eutopias/dystopias, Edens, Arcadias, Baratarias, metatexts, or cultural crossroads, deeply transforming that particular geographical location. This article is concerned with insularity as a way of interrogating cultural and political practices in the early modern period by looking at the works of Cervantes, Fletcher and Shakespeare where insular relations are characterized by tensions of different sort. The arrival of Prospero and Miranda, Periandro and Auristela (The Trials of Persiles and Segismunda), and Albert and Aminta (The Sea Voyage) to their respective islands take us to a different world, revealing different political and cultural interests and generating multiple perspectives on the shifting relationship between culture, society and power.
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