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Indian and Australian Maritime Security Doctrines in the Indian Ocean Region in the 21st Century. Christian Bueger’s Matrix of Maritime Security Approach

100%

Łukaszuk T.

Polish Political Science Yearbook

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2020

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issue 4 (49)

105-127

EN

The article’s purpose is the multidimensional analysis of the evolution of Australia and India’s maritime policies and their impact on the endeavors to develop their maritime cooperation in the 21st century. Two research questions are to be answered in that connection: what changes and why India and Australia introduced to enhance their maritime security doctrines in the 21st century and why those changes contributed to the more in-depth cooperation in the second decade of the 21st century. The hypothesis based on those questions argues that not only the rise of China but also global processes in maritime affairs - such as the growing number of state and non-state actors, as well as the interdependence between the fields of human activities at sea - pushed the littorals like India and Australia to turn their maritime strength from coastal to oceanic and convinced them too to cooperate. That process was accompanied by the convergence of the security perceptions by both countries (India and Australia) and the mutual understanding of common interests in all the elements of modern maritime security. The Christian Bueger’s matrix serves as an explanatory framework to highlight the dynamics and broader context of the changes in India and Australia’s maritime security doctrines in the 21st century. It provides the conceptual framework for explaining closer cooperation between these two countries. The article analyzes India and Australia’s maritime strategies, focusing on four variables from Bueger’s matrix: national security, economic development, marine environment, and human security. In those dependent variables, particular elements of their activities serving as sub-variables are highlighted: in national security - shaping the seapower; in economic development - Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated (IUU) fishing; in the marine environment - climate change mitigation; in human security - the fight against piracy and human trafficking. The choice of the mentioned elements is justified by their role in Australia and India’s activities within maritime strategies and their influence on other elements of the maritime security matrix. The article starts with a description of Bueger’s matrix in the context of the evolution of the maritime security concept in international relations. The second part outlines the centrality of the Indian Ocean in Indian and Australian modern military and economic security. The third part explores and explains the roots of Indian maritime security thinking, and the fourth investigates the evolution in Australia’s attitude toward maritime affairs. The final part presents the developments in Indo-Australian bilateral cooperation in the 21st century.

2

Budowa potencjału morskiego Chin

100%

kwiecinski r.

Rocznik Bezpieczeństwa Międzynarodowego

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2018

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vol. 12

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issue 1

105-115

EN

The paper explores China’s sea power growth in the beginning of the 21st century. It analyzes certain general aspects of the process: infrastructure and shipbuilding industry development, merchant navy growth, and the People’s Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) modernization as well. The process of modernizing PLAN included many important problems, such as for example the evolution of the military strategy or the development of sea capability. At present, China’s shipbuilding industry produces more modern navy ships and it uses more modern technologies. The newest Chinese vessels are comparable to Western and Japanese ones. The manpower of Chinese sea forces is also growing. The theoretical framework of the paper is rooted in Alfred Mahan’s concept of the sea power and John Mearsheimer’s five assumptions about the international system.

PL

Artykuł jest poświęcony zagadnieniom wzrostu potęgi Chin na początku XXI w. Analizuje on ogólne aspekty tego procesu, takie jak: rozwój infrastruktury i przemysłu stoczniowego, wzrost liczby jednostek marynarki handlowej oraz modernizacja marynarki wojennej Chińskiej Armii Ludowo-Wyzwoleńczej (ChAL-W). Proces modernizacji marynarki wojennej ChAL-W odzwierciedla wiele istotnych problemów, przykładowo takich jak ewolucja strategii wojskowej, czy rozwój potencjału morskiego. Obecnie przemysł stoczniowy Chin produkuje coraz nowocześniejsze okręty i wykorzystuje coraz nowocześniejsze technologie. Najnowsze chińskie jednostki są porównywalne z okrętami zachodnimi albo japońskimi. Wzrasta także potencjał ludzki sił morskich Chin. Ramy teoretyczne artykułu określa koncept „mocarstwa morskiego” Alfreda Mahana oraz pięć założeń względem systemu międzynarodowego Johna Mearsheimera.

3

LA ARMADA DE MÉXICO FRENTE A SUS PARES DE AMÉRICA LATINA

67%

MOLOEZNIK M. P.

Revista del CESLA. International Latin American Studies Review

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2011

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issue 14

39-71

ES

La condición de México como estado ribereño, país bioceánico con un extenso litoral marítimo, invita a someter a revisión crítica su poder naval frente a sus pares de la región, en tanto medio coercitivo necesario para preservar los intereses marítimos nacionales y hacer valer los derechos reconocidos por los instrumentos jurídicos internacionales.

EN

Mexico's status as a coastal state and a bioceanic country with a large coastline calls for a critical review of its naval power in comparison to its counterparts in the region which is necessary for protecting the national maritime inte¬rests and enforcing the rights recognized by international legal instruments.

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Indian and Australian Maritime Security Doctrines in the Indian Ocean Region in the 21st Century. Christian Bueger’s Matrix of Maritime Security Approach

Budowa potencjału morskiego Chin

LA ARMADA DE MÉXICO FRENTE A SUS PARES DE AMÉRICA LATINA