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1
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Sekrety Zenona Fajfera

100%
Hoffmann K.
Przestrzenie Teorii
|
2020
|
issue 33
169-190
EN
Liberature, the literary project created by Zenon Fajfer and Katarzyna Bazarnik, is usually read from the material perspective, which emphasizes the formal qualities of a work. The article tries to choose a different path. Firstly, it constructs the figure of a secret as the unrevealed foundation of Fajfer’s books. Secondly, it proposes to read this secret in the Marano mode. Hence, the secret of Marano, a Jew who has to conceal his own identity, supported by Jacques Derrida’s observations, becomes a departure point for a new hermeneutic model.
2
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Zagadnienie tajemnicy w języku i przysłowiach tureckich

99%
Stanek K.
Przegląd Orientalistyczny
|
2018
|
issue 1-2 (265-266)
103-114
EN
In the Turkish language a ‘secret’ is: giz, gizlilik, sır. What is hidden and implicit is described by some adjectives: gizli, sırlı – esrarlı, esrârengiz, gizli. The meaning of ‘hide’ or ‘not to disclose’ is reflected in some verbs like gizlemek, sırrolmak, and expressions and phrases. The analysis of vocabulary related to ‘mystery/ secret’, as well as its confidentiality or disclosure, indicates that the secret is most often revealed, which means someone talks about what it represented. On the other hand, keeping something secret does not necessarily refer to verbal human activity (hide, not show, not explain). Proverbs, defined as the words of the ancestors (atasözleri) contain a set of orders and instructions on how to / how not to proceed in a given situation. The analysis of the proverbs relating to ‘secrets’ shows that: 1. A secret should be kept even at the cost of losing one’s life; 2. Secrets should not be revealed even to one’s closest friends; 3. When one person says something, it is known by all; 4. Only from a child can one learn the truth; 5. The longer one talks, the more information one may gain. ‘Secrets’ and (not) keeping them involves skills that only humans possess, namely speech. Just as oral transmission enables us to capture and transmit knowledge and culture, so it enables others to learn the secrets that should be kept secret.
3
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J’accepte: Jacques Derrida’s Cryptic Love by Unsealed Writing

99%
Krzykawski M.
Avant
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2017
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vol. 8
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issue 2
EN
This article focuses on the autobiographical ghost that dwells in “Envois” and the multiple ways he/she/it interferes in Derrida’s concept of écriture. Read through love letters sent as postcards with the image representing Socrates writing in front of Plato, Derrida’s writing, I argue, definitely becomes a cryptic writing (écriture cryptique) both in the sense of kryptô (Gr. coded) and secerno (Lat. set apart). I endeavor to show that “Envois”-largely autobiographical and entangled in his life events-is a harbinger of the secret that Derrida takes for a fundamental feature of democracy in his later works. And yet the secret is of his own, as he notes when writing “Envois”: “Nobody will never know what the secret I write along with is. And that I say this will not change anything” (Peeters 2010: 367).
4
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J’accepte: Jacques Derrida’s Cryptic Love by Unsealed Writing

99%
Krzykawski M.
Avant
|
2017
|
vol. 8
|
issue 2
EN
This article focuses on the autobiographical ghost that dwells in “Envois” and the multiple ways he/she/it interferes in Derrida’s concept of écriture. Read through love letters sent as postcards with the image representing Socrates writing in front of Plato, Derrida’s writing, I argue, definitely becomes a cryptic writing (écriture cryptique) both in the sense of kryptô (Gr. coded) and secerno (Lat. set apart). I endeavor to show that “Envois”-largely autobiographical and entangled in his life events-is a harbinger of the secret that Derrida takes for a fundamental feature of democracy in his later works. And yet the secret is of his own, as he notes when writing “Envois”: “Nobody will never know what the secret I write along with is. And that I say this will not change anything” (Peeters 2010: 367).
5
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Splątany świat, czyli teorii sekret trzeci

86%
Krajewska A.
Przestrzenie Teorii
|
2020
|
issue 33
7-14
EN
This introductory article presents the act of editing an issue of a scientific journal as a kind of interface through which the act of writing and reading is entangled, a process that produces a theory in a performative way. The author considers anamorphosis, synaesthesia and entanglement (which she considers with reference to the category of a secret) to be the basis of contemporary literary and literary discourses.
6
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Ochrona tajemnicy w Wojsku Polskim w Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej

83%
Topolewski S.
SECRETUM. Służby specjalne, bezpieczeństwo, informacja
|
2015
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issue 2(3)
112 - 125
PL
Ochrona informacji mających istotny wpływ na funkcjonowanie naszego państwa w każdym okresie jego istnienia stanowiła ważny element polityki w zakresie obronności i bezpieczeństwa. Po odrodzeniu państwa polskiego w 1918 r. ochrona tajemnic miała kluczowe znaczenie zarówno dla jego bytu, jak i podstaw istnienia. Zdawano sobie sprawę, że dopuszczenie do ujawnienia istotnych dla państwa informacji może być zgubne zarówno dla jego funkcjonowania, jak też możliwości obronnych. Z analizy przedwrześniowych dokumentów dotyczących ochrony tajemnicy wynika, że obawiano się wówczas przede wszystkim działalności szpiegowskiej (sowieckiej i niemieckiej) oraz wywrotowej. Przy czym mówiąc o działalności wywrotowej, miano na uwadze głównie infiltrację wojska przez organizacje komunistyczne i nacjonalistyczne. Powyższe zagrożenia znalazły odzwierciedlenie w obowiązujących wówczas wojskowych przepisach i instrukcjach z zakresu ochrony tajemnicy. Starano się w tym zakresie podejmować szereg rożnych przedsięwzięć zapobiegawczych, począwszy od regulacji przepisów poprzez sprawdzenia osób dopuszczonych do tajemnic po szkolenia i kontrolę.
EN
The protection of information being of significant importance for the functioning of the Polish state has been an important element of its policy in the field of defence and security in every period of its existence. After the rebirth of the Polish state in 1918, the protection of secrets was critical to its continuity as well as the basis of its existence. It was recognized that allowing for the disclosure of information significant to the state could be disastrous for both its functioning as well as defence capabilities. The analysis of pre-September documents concerning the protection of secrets proves that what was feared at the time was mainly (Soviet and German) espionage and subversive activity. Subversion was understood mainly as infiltration into the army of the communist and nationalist organizations. These threats were reflected in the applicable at the time military regulations and instructions concerning the protection of secrets. Efforts were made in this regard to carry out a number of various preventive undertakings, ranging from the regulation of provisions, through verification of people with access to secrets, to training and control.
7

Чем бы дитя ни тешилось…, или размышления о том, чем тешится дитя в сказке Аркадия Гайдара о Мальчише-Кибальчише

83%
Sazontchik O.
Slavica Wratislaviensia
|
2018
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vol. 167
349-362
EN
If it makes him happy…Or some reflections upon the happiness of a childin Arkady Gaidar’s tale about Malchish Kibalchish The subject of this article was The Tale of the Military Secret, Malchish Kibalchish, and his Solemn Word by Arkady Gaidar. The purpose of the work was to define a common metatheme for different modes of chosen text, both as a fairy-tale and a novella of which it is a part. According to the author, Gaidar’s work is a remarkable attempt at multilateral reflection on death as one of the main aspects of human life.
PL
Aby dziecko było szczęśliwe… lub refleksje o tym, co uszczęśliwia dziecko w bajce Arkadija Gajdara o Małoszkie-Śmiałoszkie W artykule analizie poddano utwór Arkadija Gajdara Bajka o tajemnicy wojskowej, Małoszkie--Śmiałoszkie i jego zdecydowanym zdaniu. Celem pracy było zdefiniowanie wspólnego meta-tematu dla różnych rodzajów tekstu — zarówno dla samodzielnej bajki, jak i dla noweli, której opowiadanie jest częścią. Według autorki dzieło Gajdara stanowi zasługującą na uwagę próbę wielostronnej refleksji nad śmiercią jako jednym z głównych aspektów ludzkiego życia.
8
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Ograniczenia dostępu prasy do informacji publicznej

83%
Grzesiok-Horosz A.
Rocznik Prasoznawczy
|
2014
|
vol. 8
77-96
EN
The article presents the regulations that restrict access to information for press, in international and European law, under The Act on Access to Public Information and other Polish legal acts which deals with secrets protected by law. The author discusses secret information known as top secret, secret, confidential and reserved. Also professional secrets as journalistic secret, physician’s professional secret, defending counsel’s secret are described. The privacy of individuals and the trader’s secret are taking under consideration. Legal consequences of disclosure are also mentioned. The article concludes with author’s opinion about the solution of conflict for those presented values.
PL
Artykuł przedstawia przesłanki, które ograniczają dostęp prasy do informacji, tak w prawie międzynarodowym oraz wybranych państw obcych, jak również w myśl polskiej ustawy o dostępie do informacji publicznej oraz innych aktów prawnych, w których określono, jakie wiadomości stanowią tajemnicę prawnie chronioną. Przedmiotem prowadzonych rozważań są tajemnice niejawne o klauzuli „ściśle tajne”, „tajne”, „poufne” i „zastrzeżone”; tajemnice zawodowe istotne dla działalności dziennikarzy, jak dziennikarska, lekarska czy obrońcy; ponadto prywatność osób fizycznych oraz tajemnica przedsiębiorcy. Wskazano również konsekwencje nieuprawnionego ujawnienia tajemnic ustawowo chronionych. Artykuł kończy ocena omawianych ograniczeń z punktu widzenia konfliktu chronionych prawem dóbr.
9
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Symbol wiary jako przedmiot Disciplina arcani w Kościele starożytnym

83%
Żurek A.
Vox Patrum
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2017
|
vol. 67
789-800
EN
Explanation of Creed, known also as Symbolum, was an essential part of ca-techumen’s preparing for baptism in the ancient Church. Catechesis in the last weeks of the Lent were dedicated to that question. These catechesis were related to the solemn rites of traditio Symboli and redditio Symboli. Catechumens were obliged to remember Symbol but they could have neither put it down nor discussed it, nor even recited it. Some bishops forbade even to discuss about the catechesis. Catechumens were very often reminded to keep the secret, and this question was emphasized. In this article the duty of keeping the secret is analyzed in the context of disci­plina aracni which was practiced in catechesis of 4th and 5th century.
10
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Three growing questions about Masonry

58%
Crimi D.
Academicus. International Scientific Journal
|
2017
|
issue 16
122-132
EN
Through three capital questions, this short essay tries to offer a general panorama and a better understanding of the proteiform complex body or Masonry. Through by a multi-level hermeneutic, this study get the ambition to be comprehensible both to Readers who are not used to this kind of literature and to the ones advanced and skilled in symbolic thought. The main important conclusion owes the quality of the symbolic level, which is the property to refuse a single interpretation: notwithstanding, this does not prevent from a clear historical and political evaluation of the phenomena under analysis, according the methodologies of social sciences. This political evaluability drives to the main valuable output of the essay, which concerns the anthropological statement that the logical label of Masonry, with this name or many others, it exists since always. Under the category of initiatory institution, we may consider the step between individual and society, and a society inside a larger one. Evolving from the needs of the individuals to the ones of social groups, the matter joins to the land of political sciences. The sociological meaning can be posed under analytic view in reason of the functionalist meaning emerging from the alternative couples status-quo/emancipation and conservatism/progressivism. Through by this perspective, anyway the theme seems not to reveal much more, because this “proteiform complex body” manifest itself as something too much complex in its inner core to be considered in a way or in another. What remains is strictly symbolic, with some theological and eschatological points that refuse to be posed under restrain.
11
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Stopień jawności i tajności życia społecznego a bezpieczeństwo (nielojalny fortel erystyczny: argumentum ad secretum)

50%
Kalita C.
SECRETUM. Służby specjalne, bezpieczeństwo, informacja
|
2014
|
issue 1(1)
100 - 109
PL
Tajemnica poprzez swoją totalność, czy roszczenie do totalności, musi być ograniczana. Sfera publiczna powinna być w maksymalny sposób jawna, natomiast to, co wiąże się ze sferą prywatną człowieka, musi pozostać tajne (postulat prawa do tajemnicy). Tajemnica, oprócz tego, że jest ambiwalentna, mateż podwójną naturę - etyczną i estetyczną. Biorąc pod uwagę ten pierwszy aspekt, można powiedzieć, że chroni dobro, jednakże dla jej przeciwników - skrywa zło. Drugi jej wymiar powoduje, żema ona pewien urok, powab, stając się dla tego, kto ją posiad, swoistą ozdobą, dzięki czemu w stratyfikacji społecznej wywyższa jej posiadacza. Zdrada tajemnicy ma z kolei wydźwięk pejoratywny - niszczy jej piękno, czyniąc czymś pospolitym, a więc pozbawia ją statusu wartości dobra rzadkiego. W debacie publicznej pojawia się czasem pokusa wykorzystania tej natury (natur) tajemnicy w formie nielojalnego fortelu erystycznego, jakim jest argumentum ad secretum (argument z posiadania tajemnicy). Osoba, która posiada tajemnicę, traktowana jest jako ktoś, kto należy do elity, chroni dobro i nie musi się tłumaczyć. Taka sytuacja nie powinna byćdopuszczalna w życiu publicznym. Stąd konieczność demaskowania argumentum ad secretum jako manipulacji społecznej, zaciemniającej życie publiczne. Już samo wskazanie na możliwość jej zaistnienia, osłabia oddziaływanie takiej machinacji, a jedynym sposobem aby przestała działać, jest ujawnienie jej mechanizmu.
EN
A secret due to its totality or the claim to totality must be limited. The public sphere should be public to the maximum, whereas, what is connected with the private sphere must remain secret (the postulate of the right to secrecy). A secret, apart from being ambivalent, is also of dual nature – ethical and aesthetic. Ethically, a secret protects good – but for its enemies, it conceals evil. Aesthetically, it has a certain charm and allure that constitutes a peculiar decoration for its holder, thanks to which it elevates its owner in the social stratification. The betrayal of a secret has, on the other hand, the pejorative undertone – it destroys its allure making it a common thing and so deprives it of the status of a rare thing value. In the public debate sometimes appears the temptation to use this nature (natures) of a secret as a disloyal eristic stratagem, i.e. the argumentum ad secretum (the argument of knowing a secret). Someone who knows a secret is treated as someone who belongs to the elite, he or she protects good and does not need to excuse oneself. Such a situation should not be acceptable in public life. Hence, it is necessary to expose argumentum ad secretum as social manipulation which obscures the public life. The mere indication of the possibility of such manipulation weakens its influence, and the only way to stop this manipulation is to disclose its mechanism.
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