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PL
W artykule przedstawiono punkt spojrzenia autora na proces zarządzania państwem pod kątem działania administracji publicznej w obszarze realizacji usługi bezpieczeństwa państwa realizowanej na rzecz zapewnienia egzystencjalnych i behawioralnych potrzeb społeczeństwa. Wg autora wskazany katalog wyzwań dla procesu zapewnienia bezpieczeństwa państwa umożliwi organom administracji publicznej skuteczniej realizować usługę bezpieczeństwa w poszczególnych jego wymiarach (płaszczyznach), tak by kompleksowo zapewnić egzystencjalne i behawioralne potrzeby społeczeństwa.
EN
In the process of managing the country, it is advisable to look at broader measures of public administration in the implementation of specific national security services implemented to ensure existential and behavioral needs of society. The specified directory for the process to ensure the challenges of national security, will allow public authorities to effectively implement the security service in the various dimensions (planes), so as to satisfy comprehensive existential and behavioral needs of society.
EN
The aim of the paper is to conduct an analysis of various threats that may occur during road freight transport in the territory of the European Union. The research method consisted of a survey and the sample group selected for the survey were transport companies from eastern and southern Poland. The paper presents the current condition of Polish transport companies on the EU market and various threats that may occur while delivering road freight transport services. Polish carriers make a considerable contribution to international road freight and cabotage operations and Polish drivers constitute 9,99% of all employed in the industry in the EU. In 2016 Polish carriers delivered road freight services using 205,390 lorries. When it comes to threats, recent years brought about the emergence of new threats related to terrorism and mass migration. These threats constitute new challenges for Polish transport companies. Therefore, it would be a good idea to develop a model of good practices (recommendations) which would lead to improvements in the level of security during the process of rendering transport services.
EN
A new approach to security issues associated with the use of teleinformatics systems in the decision-making process has been presented. There is a discussion of the relationship between the security of informatics systems and the security of the decision-making process in which they are used, in particular regarding the threats resulting from the use of informatics systems and modern teleinformatics technologies. In addition, an overview of the dangers that could have a significant impact on appropriate decision-making has been performed. The paper points out the possible ways to ensure security depending on the type of threats encountered. In particular, threats particularly linked with the security of informatics systems supporting decision-making have been identified.
EN
Social and economic transformation, with which we deal in recent years in Poland, apart from the positive aspects, generated a lot of negative effects, among others, the emergence of new forms of crime. The above situation is forcing public servants, including the police, as the basic organization of the subsystem security and public order to raise to a higher level of efficiency. Her improvement determines the effectiveness of the system of public security and order and to keep up with the growing expectations of consumers of the services provided in the field of security and public order. The paper presents definitions, models and determinants of safety management and the positive and negative factors associated with the use of SWOT analysis of selected organizations to reorganize security and public order.
EN
This article is a contribution to security sciences which underlines, on the basis of the multidisciplinary approach, the importance of skill levels in relation to the resistance to the securitization of security issues in connection with the development of European integration. It enriches the field of security management using the method of securitization as well as the the perspective of political science, sociology, and economic theory. Through the example of French referendum on the European constitutional treaty, it demonstrates the importance of skill level for the susceptibility of different population groups to the securitization of the topics of the campaign, namely within the context of the deepening of European integration, which respectively threatens certainty and increases uncertainty. The paper also draws attention to the possibility of emergence of the so-called paradox of securitization.
EN
This article is a contribution to security sciences which underlines, on the basis of the multidisciplinary approach, the importance of skill levels in relation to the resistance to the securitization of security issues in connection with the development of European integration. It enriches the field of security management using the method of securitization as well as the the perspective of political science, sociology, and economic theory. Through the example of French referendum on the European constitutional treaty, it demonstrates the importance of skill level for the susceptibility of different population groups to the securitization of the topics of the campaign, namely within the context of the deepening of European integration, which respectively threatens certainty and increases uncertainty. The paper also draws attention to the possibility of emergence of the so-called paradox of securitization.
EN
The article presents the positions of the UK and Polish governments on the importance of European security management as a factor influencing and shaping the defence doctrine in both states. Building on the systemic nature of European security, security management concepts, as defined in UK and Poland’s strategies for developing defence capabilities, have been examined using a system analysis. The assessment of the issue from the perspective of the UK and Polish governments is based on a decision-making analysis, while differences in the approach to European security are demonstrated through a comparative method. The authors have shown that the actual perception of European security as part of the global order is a factor determining the current involvement of the UK Government in the process of security management. However, the Polish government has shown interest in similar actions only to the extent these are convergent with national security.
PL
Zmienność otoczenia, mnogość sytuacji i ich problematyka stawiają ogromne wyzwania przed organizacjami w zakresie zarządzania, wymuszając przyjęcie nowych strategii funkcjonowania, a także dostrzegania możliwości zaistnienia zagrożeń, które niosą za sobą zmiany. Szereg zdarzeń o charakterze terrorystycznym na początku XXI w. doprowadził do zwiększenia roli bezpieczeństwa w wielu sferach życia społecznego, ale i gospodarczego, w tym również odnoszącego się do funkcjonowania przedsiębiorstw. Przygotowanie organizacji na różne wydarzenia związane jest z zarządzaniem ciągłością działania, obejmującym różne obszary bezpieczeństwa organizacji. Zapewnienia bezpieczeństwa przedsiębiorstwa wymaga zatem zastosowania różnych metod i praktyk zarządzania. Celem artykułu jest wskazanie możliwości zastosowania metod i praktyk zarządzania w odniesieniu do zapewnienia bezpieczeństwa w przedsiębiorstwie. W artykule dokonano identyfikacji różnych obszarów funkcjonowania firm wymagających zapewnienia bezpieczeństwa. Podjęto również próbę określenia metod i praktyk możliwych do zastosowania w zarządzaniu bezpieczeństwem organizacji. Jako metodę badawczą przyjęto krytyczną analizę istniejących koncepcji teoretycznych związanych z problematyką bezpieczeństwa na poziomie przedsiębiorstw oraz metod i praktyk zarządzania. W następnej kolejności dokonano analizy powiązań tych koncepcji. Problem badawczy sprowadzono do pytania: jakie znaczenie mają metody i praktyki zarządzania dla bezpieczeństwa przedsiębiorstwa? Odpowiedź na to pytanie wiąże się przyjętą w artykule hipotezą, że proces zarządzania bezpieczeństwem przedsiębiorstwa powinien być wspierany przez metody i praktyki zarządzania.
EN
Variability of the surroundings, multitude and complex situations make companies face huge challenges in the area of management, forcing adoption of new operational strategies as well as making them realize the existing threats, which are integral to change. A number of terrorist events in the early 21st century resulted in an enhanced role of security in many areas of social and business life, including those concerning the operation of enterprises. Preparing an organisation for various events involves managing the continuity of operations, covering various areas of organisational security. Ensuring security of an enterprise thus requires the application of different management methods and practices. The objective of the paper is to indicate the possibility to apply management methods and practices with reference to ensuring security in an enterprise. The paper includes the identification of various areas of corporate operation that require ensuring of security. An attempt has also been made to define methods and practices applicable in managing organisational security. Critical analysis of the existing theoretical concepts related to the issues of security at the level of an enterprise and to selected management methods and practices has been adopted as the research method. An analysis of the interconnections between those concepts is also provided. The research problem has been defined in the following question: what is the significance of the management methods and practices for corporate security? The answer to this question is related to the hypothesis stated in the paper, i.e. that the process of managing enterprise security should be supported by appropriate management methods and practices.
EN
This paper looks at the notion of a smart organisation by referring it to the concept of a smart city. It makes an attempt to properly locate the notion of security within the smart city concept by reviewing a selection of management concepts, methods and techniques applied in organisations. A reference has also been made to the possibility of solving research problems and use management methods in favour of city security. The author points to the numerous possibilities of taking advantage of the achievements of management sciences and discussed selected issues of civil planning, incident management and critical event scenarios for actions in favour of city security. Reference has also been made to the methods used in crisis management. The underlying thesis that the city security level may be increased by using management concepts, methods, based on the concept of a smart organisation has been substantiated along with an indication of directions for further research regarding city security and issues in smart city management based on the achievements in the field of organisation resilience and bricolage.
PL
W artykule opisano pojęcie organizacji inteligentnej i odniesiono je do koncepcji miasta inteligentnego (smart city). Wskazano miejsce bezpieczeństwa w tej koncepcji. Dokonano przeglądu koncepcji, metod i technik zarządzania wykorzystywanych w organizacjach. Odniesiono się do możliwości rozwiązywania problemów badawczych i wykorzystania metod zarządzania na rzecz podniesienia poziomu bezpieczeństwa miast. Omówiono kwestie planowania cywilnego, zarządzania incydentami i scenariuszy zdarzeń krytycznych w działaniach na rzecz bezpieczeństwa miast. Odniesiono się do metod wykorzystywanych w zarządzaniu kryzysowym. Sformułowano i uzasadniono tezę, że poziom bezpieczeństwa miast może być podniesiony poprzez wykorzystanie koncepcji, metod i narzędzi zarządzania opartych na koncepcji organizacji inteligentnej. Wskazano kierunki dalszych badań na rzecz bezpieczeństwa miast, w tym problematykę menadżerskiego zarządzania miastem z wykorzystaniem dorobku dotyczącego sprężystości (resilience) organizacji oraz brikolażu (bricolage).
PL
Zarządzanie bezpieczeństwem jest istotną działalnością państwa zapewniającą mu istnienie, rozwój i realizację własnych interesów. Szczególnym rodzajem zarządzania bezpieczeństwem jest zarządzanie kryzysowe, definiowane jako szczególny rodzaj działalności organów administracji publicznej, będące elementem kierowania bezpieczeństwem narodowym, które polega na zapobieganiu sytuacjom kryzysowym, przygotowaniu do przejmowania nad nimi kontroli w drodze zaplanowanych działań, reagowaniu w przypadku wystąpienia sytuacji kryzysowych, usuwaniu ich skutków oraz odtwarzaniu zasobów i infrastruktury krytycznej. Zarządzanie bezpieczeństwem państwa jest zagadnieniem zajmującym istotne miejsce w Strategii Bezpieczeństwa Narodowego Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej oraz stanowiącym ważne pole rozważań ekspertów i badaczy zajmujących się bezpieczeństwem państwa
EN
Security management is an important activity of the state ensuring its existence, development and realization of its own interests. A special type of safety management is crisis management, defined as a specific type of activity of public administration bodies that is part of national security management, which consists in preventing crisis situations, preparing to take control over them through planned actions, responding to emergencies, removing their effects and restoring critical resources and infrastructure. The management of state security is an issue that occupies an important place in the National Security Strategy of the Republic of Poland and constitutes an important field of consideration for experts and researchers dealing with state security.
EN
The notion of “culture” is presented and analysed at the supranational, national, and organisational levels. Reference has been made to the concept of “safety culture”. The various dimensions of safety culture have been discussed, and the very notion of safety culture has been scrutinised from a subjective perspective, as well as in the implemented areas of operations, in particular in the energy industry of EU countries. Safety culture has been analysed with reference to safety as a value in its own right. It has been emphasised that the analysis of the social structuring in management may be important in the analysis of organisational aspects. It refers to authority and communication between people who make up the entire social community. The importance of safety culture has been described at various organisational levels, particularly for high-reliability organisations. The meaning of the isomorphic phenomenon has been analysed. The spread of safety culture has been analysed in the context of two pillars of this culture: personal safety (the mental and spiritual pillar), and social safety (the organisational and legal pillar). Within these pillars, emphasis has been placed on the importance of congruence of personal values of employees and organisational values. Attention has been paid to the meaning of social and civic values. Within the cultural context, emphasis has been put on the meaning of the internal and external alignment of an organisation, as in the creation of the safety culture, social and organisational aspects operate together.
PL
Zbadano pojęcie „kultury”, rozpatrując je na poziomie ponadnarodowym, krajowym oraz organizacji. Odniesiono się do pojęcia „kultury bezpieczeństwa”. Omówiono wymiary kultury bezpieczeństwa. Omówiono kulturę bezpieczeństwa w ujęciu przedmiotowym i realizowanych obszarów działalności, w szczególności w energetyce krajów Unii Europejskiej. Kulturę bezpieczeństwa omówiono, odnosząc się do bezpieczeństwa jako wartości. Podkreślono, że w analizie aspektów organizatorskich istotna może być analiza struktury społecznej w zarządzaniu. Dotyczy ona władzy i komunikacji pomiędzy ludźmi tworzącymi całość społeczną. Opisano znaczenie kultury bezpieczeństwa na różnych poziomach organizacyjnych, w szczególności dla organizacji niezawodnych. Przeanalizowano znaczenie zjawiska izomorfizmu. Dyfuzję kultury bezpieczeństwa rozważono w kontekście dwóch filarów tej kultury: bezpieczeństwa indywidualnego (filar mentalno-duchowy) i bezpieczeństwa społecznego (filar organizacyjno-prawny). W ramach tych filarów podkreślono znaczenie kongruencji wartości osobistych pracowników i wartości organizacyjnych. Zwrócono uwagę na znaczenia wartości społecznych i obywatelskich W kontekście kulturowym uwypuklono znaczenie wewnętrznego i zewnętrznego dopasowanie organizacji. W tworzeniu kultury bezpieczeństwa występuje współdziałanie aspektów społecznych i organizacyjnych.
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EN
Security and risk related problems have been important challenges always, however become highly critical since the beginning of 21st Century. The industry of security has grown in relation with the increasing level of threats. Cybercrimes, conflicts, terrorism, organized crimes, etc. are problems both for governments and private companies. In public sector security field has required a professionalized administration, for private sector security management has become a leading and growing field for the future of companies and their investments. The improving mechanisms of security in global, regional and local levels have created important changes as well on societal and individual levels. Today, all societies are more or less, in this way or that way, influenced by changing security paradigms and new progresses in this sector. Sociology, as the discipline researching and analyzing societies in general sense, cannot undervalue what is happening with security field in terms of being a “social institution”. This paper will provide the core concepts and methodological approaches towards establishing sociology of security further as a more progressed sub-discipline of sociology. We will have also the opportunity to focus and analyze examples from different parts of the World such as Europe, Asia and Africa.
13
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Content available

OPSEC Model and Applications

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EN
OPSEC (Operations Security) model was developed during the Vietnam War era as a part of military strategies to protect critical information, analyzing vulnerabilities and threats, assessing risks and applying proper countermeasures. 5 steps OPSEC model have been functional for US Army’s operational security and used by other NATO members as well. When threats have spread widely in 21 st Century OPSEC began to be used and applied in a more general context of security world. Today even in cyber security this model serves practically for protection of critical data and information. In this paper we are going to proceed in two levels: on the one hand we will explain the OPSEC principles, steps and conceptual aspects through the main sources of this field; on the other hand we will discuss applications of the model in real world (military, politics, industry, etc.) via some explanatory examples and its potential usages for securing modern life and societies. Our approach will be based on an interdisciplinary view with references to sociology, security studies and management.
EN
Authors concern the perception of ancient Japanese security culture model, created by the noble class of warriors – Samurai. Their security culture code was a constant model, composed from several Far Eastern philosophic and religious systems, and practiced for ages during the period of isolationism as well as in the modernization era of Meiji (19th century). Its modern version was used by the management of Toyota concern to create an unique and highly-effective model of production. This model, based on fourteen rules, is an universal one, used by companies form different sectors with great benefits.
PL
Organizacje wirtualne, ze względu na swoje specyficzne cechy, bardzo mocno opierają się na rozwiązaniach teleinformatycznych. W wielu przypadkach systemy informatyczne stanowią wręcz fundament działania tego typu organizacji. Jednocześnie, organizacje te cechuje bardzo duża zwinność i elastyczność – cechy zwykle stojące w sprzeczności z zachowaniem stałego poziomu bezpieczeństwa. Ponieważ tradycyjna forma zarządzania bezpieczeństwem opiera się o długotrwałe, powtarzalne procedury, w organizacji wirtualnej może być konieczna zmiana podejścia. Istotnym elementem procesu zarządzania bezpieczeństwem informacji jest monitorowanie uzyskanych efektów. Także w tym wypadku cechy typowe dla organizacji wirtualnych mogą utrudniać skuteczne i efektywne śledzenie działania wdrożonego systemu zarządzania bezpieczeństwem. W poszukiwaniu uniwersalnego rozwiązania do monitorowania bezpieczeństwa informacji w systemie informacyjnym organizacji wirtualnej przeanalizowano prace z zakresu zarządzania bezpieczeństwem informacji w organizacjach wirtualnych.
EN
Virtual organizations, due to their specific character, rely strongly on ICT. In many cases, IT systems form a real foundation of such an organization. At the same time, such organizations are very flexible and agile, which is in contrary to sustaining steady level of security. Because of that, implementation of information security management system in a virtual organization may require significant change of approach, as traditional form relies on long-lasting, cyclic procedures. A significant element of the information security management proces is monitoring of obtained results. Also in this case, the character of a virtual organization may prevent from successful and effective following activity of implemented security management system. When searching for a universal solution of security monitoring for virtual organizations, current state of the art focusing on security management in virtual organizations was analyzed.
EN
Safety Management of National and Ethnic Minorities in Poland – Efficiency Assessment
RU
Управление безопасностью национальных и этнических меньшинств в Польше – оценка эффективности
EN
Security management at regional and local levels is discussed within the realm of public management. Currently, its development is affected by the concepts related to New public management and New public governance, which take into consideration the managerial, the managerial approach as well as interactions with stakeholders, among others. Within these considerations, until recently, a company was analysed as one of many participants in the relations. Nowadays, from the point of view of the theory of business, special attention is paid to the role of network connections between entities. The meaning of a new type of crisis in company (of non-economic nature) is emphasised. Analyzing these points of view, while trying to find common theoretical grounds, attention was paid to the role of networking in managing regional and local security. The emphasis is put on the role of practices, routines and flexibility of a business entity which may be used e.g. in a threat situation, when the networking approach is taken.
PL
Zarządzanie bezpieczeństwem na poziomie regionalnym i lokalnym jest rozpatrywane w ramach zarządzania publicznego. Aktualnie na jego rozwój wpływają koncepcje związane z New public management (nowe zarządzanie publiczne) i New public governance. W znacznej części uwzględniają one między innymi podejście menadżerskie, a także interakcje z interesariuszami. Przedsiębiorstwo w ramach tych rozważań do tej pory było rozpatrywane jako jeden z wielu uczestników powiązań. Współcześnie, z punktu widzenia teorii przedsiębiorstwa zwraca się szczególną uwagę na rolę powiązań sieciowych pomiędzy podmiotami. Akcentuje się znaczenie nowego typu kryzysu w firmie, o charakterze pozaekonomicznym. Rozpatrując te punkty widzenia, doszukując się wspólnych podstaw teoretycznych, zwrócono uwagę na rolę sieciowości w zarządzaniu bezpieczeństwem regionalnym i lokalnym. Podkreślono rolę praktyk, rutyn i elastyczności podmiotu gospodarczego, które mogą być wykorzystane na przykład w sytuacji zagrożenia, uwzględniając podejście sieciowe.
EN
The article presents the basic aspects of the strategy design and assumptions of the national security system of the Republic of Poland. Due to the complete theoretical and practical presentation of issues reflected in the title, the article focuses on presenting the language of the problem, strategy assumptions, phases of the strategic cycle of analyzes and studies in the field of security and assumptions of the state security system construction. The presented considerations are based on literature analyzes, mainly – in the field of security sciences and strategic directive documents. These documents refer to the security and defense problems of the Republic of Poland. The content of the article is the basis for presenting the theoretical and practical issues of the state security system functioning in Poland.
EN
The article continues the deliberations regarding the strategy design and assumptions of the national security system of the Republic of Poland, with particular emphasis on the organization of the security system of the Republic of Poland. This was reflected in the presentation of issues concerning the theoretical and practical aspects of systems and the specifics of the Poland’s security system. The article decomposes this system. On this basis, the place, role and meaning of its components were determined. As a consequence, the requirements set for the security system of the Republic of Poland were presented, emphasizing the issue of the requirements set before it and its improvement.
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