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1

Energy security: between markets and sovereign politics

100%
Dudau R., Nedelcu A. C.
Management & Marketing
|
2016
|
vol. 11
|
issue 3
544-552
EN
Energy security is a constant presence in the energy-related political discourse all over the world. States strive to secure steady inflows of needed energy supplies, as well as the price affordability of those supplies. However, what are deemed to be the best means to meet such goals depends on one’s theoretical vantage point. On the one hand, economically-minded theorists maintain that energy security is only a matter of market rules and interactions. Thus, they call upon energy markets to deliver both steady supplies and competitive prices. On the other hand, politically-minded scholars emphasize the political and hard-power nature of international energy trades, especially in a global context market by the emergence of state-centered, authoritarian regimes that use large national energy companies as foreign policy instruments. These two positions delineate competing approaches to how energy security risks ought to be managed. The former approaches energy security risks by means similar to portfolio management, requiring diversification of investments in order to insulate them from market shocks. The latter approaches energy security as a matter of foreign policy, by which states envisage interest coordination and favorable alignments within countervailing alliances against the agent of energy security risk. The present paper goes beyond the uncontentious point that these two dimensions are complementary. It argues that, depending on the international context, a more market-driven or a more-politically driven behavior may be adequate.
2
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Strategic goals of energy security policy of the federal republic of Germany

100%
Ruszel M.
Politeja : Pismo Wydziału Studiów Miedzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
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2017
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issue 50
113-129
EN
The aim of the article is to analyse the strategic goals of energy security of the Federal Republic of Germany in the context of foreign policy. The author hypothesizes that achieving the strategic goals of the energy policy of the Federal Republic of Germany depends on its energy partnerships. Therefore, the following research questions are considered: First, what are the goals of German foreign policy in the context of international power play? Second, what are the internal and external goals of energy policy of Germany? Third, what is the role of Germany’s strategic partnerships in the context of pursuing the goals of its energy security? The author also presents the structure of Germany’s energy balance to illustrate the importance of particular energy resources and the sources and directions of their supply. The answers to those questions will provide the context for strategic energy partnerships between the Federal Republic of Germany and the Russian Federation. Given the specificity of German policy, the author will apply the geo-economic approach. The system analysis method and the component method will also be used. Conclusions and potential scenarios will be based on the forecasting technique.
3
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MODEL WSPÓLNEGO SYSTEMU BEZPIECZEŃSTWA DOSTAW GAZU ZIEMNEGO W UNII EUROPEJSKIEJ. POSTULATY DE LEGE FERENDA

75%
ZAJDLER R., GAŁCZYŃSKI M.
Polityka i Społeczeństwo
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2014
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issue 4(12)
35-48 (14)
EN
Historically, different market conditions of member states of the European Union led to the situation in which the security of supply was within the responsibility of EU members. The 2009 gas crisis resulted in the integration of national polices in this regard through the creation of a framework of common EU mechanisms in case of crisis. Regu-lation 994/2010 has only partly moved towards this aim. It indicated which elements of the system influence the security of supply. Additional regulatory measures should focus on further enhancement of some of the existing measures and enclose new parameters to the assessment of security level. The new model should be more focused on the whole-sale market and the market assessment of security. The purpose of this article is to diagnose market and legal conditions of security of supply in Poland and in the EU, and to propose a common new approach to security of supply and relevant actions in case of gas crisis in the European Union.
4
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I armaty, i masło

75%
Szatkowski T.
Horyzonty Polityki
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2013
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vol. 4
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issue 7
195-207
EN
The defence industry is one of the few remaining industrial islands in the sea of the deindustrialized Polish economy. Given the need to conduct a creative industrial policy, which has been imposed through membership of the EU common market, as well as the opportunities that emerge as a consequence of the defence modernization programme of the Polish Armed Forces, that potential should be adequately utilized for the purposes defined by the state’s security policy, as well as of the need to rebuild the productive, research and educational potential of the Polish economy. That, in turn, requires not only better procedures (reinstating the government’s committee on defence issues) better cadres, as well as an ability to manage an informal network of interdependent interests of the different sectors of economy and administration.
PL
Przemysł zbrojeniowy jest jedną z nielicznych przemysłowych wysepek zdezindustrializowanej gospodarki Polski. Wobec politycznej konieczności prowadzenia kreatywnej polityki przemysłowej w ramach wspólnego rynku Unii Europejskiej, a także szans, jakie daje program modernizacji Sił Zbrojnych RP, potencjał „zbrojeniówki” powinien być odpowiednio wykorzystany zarówno do celów bezpieczeństwa państwa, jak i odbudowania potencjału wytwórczego, badawczo-rozwojowego czy edukacyjnego naszej gospodarki. Powodzenie takiej operacji wymaga jednak dalekosiężnej i przemyślanej polityki Ministerstwa Obrony Narodowej oraz umiejętności jej skoordynowania z politykamiprojektowanymi przez Ministerstwa Gospodarki, Skarbu Państwa i Nauki. To z kolei wymaga nie tylko lepszych procedur (reaktywacja międzyresortowego ciała w rodzaju Komitetu Spraw Obronnych Rady Ministrów), lepszych kadr, ale także umiejętności stworzenia nieformalnych sieciowych powiązań interesów różnych sektorów gospodarki i administracji. Słowa kluczowe: polityka obronna; polityka przemysłowo-zbrojeniowa; reindustrializacja; koordynacja; technologia; podwójne zastosowanie; bezpieczeństwo dostaw
5
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Bezpieczeństwo zaopatrzenia energetycznego w polityce zagranicznej i bezpieczeństwa Niemiec.

63%
Molo B.
Kultura i Polityka
|
2010
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issue 8
90-105
PL
Zapewnienie stabilnych i trwałych dostaw paliw kopalnych jest celem polityki bezpieczeństwa energetycznego Niemiec. Aby osiągnąć ten cel, Niemcy kierują się nie tylko rachunkiem ekonomicznym, lecz także podejmują działania w ramach polityki zagranicznej, intensyfikując dialog i kooperację z producentami, państwami leżącymi na szlakach tranzytowych tych surowców oraz konsumentami. Służą temu wizyty zagraniczne kanclerz federalnej i ministrów federalnych, uwzględnianie problemów energetycznych podczas konsultacji międzyrządowych, w ramach dwustronnych komisji i grup roboczych oraz bezpośrednie wsparcie udzielane niemieckim firmom zaangażowanym w projekty energetyczne za granicą. Rząd federalny angażuje się również w działania na rzecz bezpieczeństwa energetycznego w Unii Europejskiej, wspiera projekty międzynarodowych instytucji oraz pozainstytucjonalne formy współpracy w tym zakresie.
EN
The aim of German energy security policy is to assure stable and sustainable supply of fuels. In order to achieve this goal German authorities are driven not only by economic calculations but they also take action as part of foreign policy, intensifying dialogue and cooperation with producers, transit countries and final consumers. Visits of German chancellor and minister of foreign affairs, taking into account energy problems during intergovernmental consultations within the framework of bilateral commissions and working groups as well as direct support given to German corporations engaged in energy projects abroad – all of these serve to realizing this fundamental goal. The federal government commits itself to activities for energy security of the European Union, proactively supports different projecs of international institutions and non-institutional liaison in this field.
DE
Die Sicherstellung regelmäßiger Lieferungen von fossilen Energieträgern ist das erklärte Ziel der Energiesicherheitspolitik Deutschlands. Um dieses Ziel zu erreichen, werden in Deutschland nicht nur die Wirtschaftlichkeitsberechnung und die Umweltverträglichkeit berücksichtigt, sondern auch zahlreiche Maßnahmen im Rahmen der Außenpolitik vorgenommen, indem Dialog und Kooperation mit den Liefer-, Transit-, und Verbraucherländern intensiviert werden. Dazu dienen die Auslandsbesuche der Bundeskanzlerin und der Bundesminister, die Besprechung der Energieprobleme mit den jeweiligen Partnern auf der Ebene der Regierungen, in den bilateralen Kommissionen und Arbeitsgruppen, sowie direkte Unterstützung deutscher Firmen, die an den Energieprojekten im Ausland beteiligt sind. Die Bundesregierung engagiert sich ferner bei den Programmen für die Energiesicherheit in der Europäischen Union und fördert Projekte internationaler Institutionen sowie außerinstitutionelle Kooperationsformen in diesem Bereich.
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