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Principles of Equivalent Selection in English Prose Translations of Jerome’s Psalters: A Study Based on exaudire and videre

100%
Charzyńska-Wójcik M., Wójcik J.
Roczniki Humanistyczne
|
2013
|
vol. 61
|
issue 5: Neofilologia
27-45
EN
The paper examines equivalents of the Latin verbs exaudire and videre in prose translations of Jerome’s Psalters executed between Old and Early Modern English. The objective of the paper is to establish the principle of equivalent selection in the analysed texts. The study revealed that exaudire and videre were translated in OE, ME and EMnE by their prototypical equivalents but the prototypes changed due to language internal factors: from prefixed ge-verbs (ge-hȳran and ge-sēon ) to their simplex equivalents (hēren > hear and sēn > see). Next, it was established that while the equivalents of exaudire represented a stable pattern: ge-hȳran > hēren > hear, the equivalents of videre tended to exhibit some variation. The variation, however, was recorded in one translation only – in the Paris Psalter. These differences stem from two factors. The first of them is language internal and follows from the universally recorded property of the verb see, which tends to develop metaphorical meanings, as opposed to hear, which does not exhibit the same tendency. The second factor is language external and is a consequence of the dominant theory of biblical translation, which was based on the principle that every word of the text was sacred. As a result, biblical translations generally reflected the original very closely. The only text which exhibits dynamic correspondences is Old English Paris Psalter, which focuses on the clarity of the message not on the closeness of the rendering. The remaining translations are characterised by extreme reverence to the sacred nature of the text in all its layers, which results in the static equivalent selection.
PL
Artykuł analizuje odpowiedniki łacińskich czasowników exaudire i videre w angielskich tłumaczeniach Psałterzy św. Hieronima dokonanych pomiędzy okresem staroangielskim a wczesno-nowoangielskim w celu ustalenia zasad rządzących wyborami ekwiwalentów w analizowanych tekstach. W drodze badania ustalono, że oba łacińskie czasowniki były tłumaczone na język angielski (w przeważającej większości przypadków) przy pomocy czasowników prototypowych, z tym, że pod wpływem zmian zachodzących w języku prototypy te ulegają zmianom. W języku staroangielskim status prototypów miały czasowniki prefiksalne ge-hȳran i ge-sēon, podczas gdy poczynając od okresu średnioangielskiego, były to ich nieprefiksalne odpowiedniki: hēren > hear i sēn > see. Następnie ustalono, że o ile odpowiedniki czasownika exaudire były we wszystkich testach i w wszystkich kontekstach takie same, to odpowiedniki videre wykazywały zróżnicowanie, ale dotyczyło ono wyłącznie tłumaczenia staroangielskiego. Różnice te wynikają z dwóch czynników. Pierwszy z nich jest ulokowany wewnątrz języka i wynika z uniwersalnego dla czasownika widzieć rozwoju znaczeń metaforycznych, które występują również w badanym tekście. Drugi jest pozajęzykowy i związany jest ze średniowieczną konwencją tłumaczeń tekstów biblijnych: jedynym tekstem, który tej konwencji się opiera i w którym te metaforyczne znaczenia tłumaczone są kontekstowo, tj. za pomocą różnych czasowników, jest staroangielski Psałterz Paryski. Wszystkie pozostałe teksty cechuje stały wybór ekwiwalentów, przez co wpisują się one w średniowieczną konwencję tłumaczeń sakralnych, które charakteryzuje niezwykła bliskość tekstowi oryginalnemu.
2
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"[...] żeby nie widział [...] [nie] słyszał [...] i [nie] nawrócił się [...]". Sen wersetu Iz 6, 10b w świetle wypowiedzi synoptyków

89%
Szwarc U.
The Biblical Annals
|
1987
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vol. 34
|
issue 1
39-46
PL
Der Artikel stellt eine exegetisch-theologische Analyse der synoptischen Texte dar, die die Verse Js 6, 9-10 zitieren bzw. paraphrasieren. Die durchgeführten Untersuchungen erlauben Festzustellen, dass dieser prophetische Text in der Meinung der Evangelisten lehrt; dass Gott für den Inhalt seines Wortes verantwortlich ist und der Mensch für seine Haltung ihm gegenüber.
3
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Wiara oparta na znakach i cudach dokonanych przed zmartwychwstaniem w Ewangelii według św. Jana

54%
Gaida D.
Scriptura Sacra
|
2014
|
issue 18
89-102
EN
Signs and wonders in John’s theology play significant role because they may lead to true and lasting faith. Jesus said to the royal official: “Unless you see signs and wonders you will not believe” (J 4,48). In John’s Gospel signs and miracles performed by Jesus allowed to believe in him as a prophet, a man who is from God, the Messiah, the Son of God. Descending of the Holy Spirit on Jesus was for John the Baptist a sign that Jesus is The Son of God. The miracle of changing water into wine revealed glory of Jesus and caused that his disciples believed in him. Knowledge of Jesus about sinful life a Samaritan woman became for her a sign which led to acknowledge Jesus as a prophet. Jesus made her aware that he was Christ, the Messiah. The presence of Jesus among Samaritans and preaching his word made other believe in Jesus and recognize him as the Savior of the world. A sign of healing a royal official’s son showed the necessity of believing in his words. A miracle of feeding Five Thousand caused the crowd to look for him. People acknowledged Jesus as a prophet. A miracle of healing a man blind from birth made him believe in Jesus as the Son of Man. A resurrection of Lazarus became a sign which raised faith among the Jews who had seen what Jesus did. The chief priests and the Pharisees saw signs made by Jesus but they did not believe in him. People who faced signs and miracles and take dialogue with Jesus, come to believe in him. Jesus made miracles which were the answers for human poverty, misery and faith. Each of us has to take one’s own decision through believing in Jesus as the Messiah, God’s Son and you may have life in his name.
4
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Jezus obdarza wzrokiem i wiarą (J 9)

45%
Gaida D.
Scriptura Sacra
|
2013
|
issue 17
17-32
EN
The story about a man born blind in the Gospel according to John is an example of Jesus’ care of a man. Jesus noticed a difficult situation of the blind man and gave him sight. He “spat on the ground and made mud with the salive and spread the mud on the man’s eyes, saying to him, “Go, wash in the pool of Siloam” (Jn 9:6-7). The blind man performed his orders and when he came back he was able to see. He gains first his sight and then increasing insight as he progresses from referring to “the man called Jesus” whose he does not know (cf. Jn 9:11-12), to declaring him to be a prophet (cf. Jn 9:17), then one sent from God (cf. Jn 9:33), and finally confessing him as Son of Man and Lord (cf. Jn 9:37-38). The Pharisees by contrast assert that Jesus is not from God (cf. Jn 9:16) and that he is a sinner, and deny the miracle (cf. Jn 9:24). The cured man become a witness and he was talking about the miracle to those who knew him, neighbours and Pharisees. The Pharisees drove him out because he was saying that Jesus came from God. Jesus asked the cured man if he believed in the Son of Man? He answered that he did and he worshipped him. Jesus led him up to believe in the Son of Man. Jesus wants people to come to him for help and he leads them out to faith. Jesus wants us to believe in him as God who can help us.
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