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EN
Abstract: Selective mutism is more common than initially thought and afflicts immigrant language minority children at approximately three times the rate of monolinguals (Toppelberg, Tabors, Coggins, Lum, & Burgers, 2005). Children who have developmental language and/or articulation problems and children who are quiet due to anxiety or concerns about accents and limited fluency can suffer from selective mutism. This case study examines the efficacy of interdisciplinary treatment with three positive psychology interventions to treat an eight-year-old Spanish-English bilingual child with selective mutism.  Pet-assistance therapy, music therapy, and laughter therapy were incorporated into the child’s speech-language therapy sessions to increase verbal productions across 14 weeks.  Results indicated that pet-assisted therapy revealed positive outcomes, with modest gains for music and laughter.  Implications of outcomes, collaboration, and conclusions are discussed.
PL
The article deals with the problem of differential diagnosis of extreme reticence or selective speech in a child, categorised as selective mutism and shyness. Selective mutism is an increasingly recognized disorder among preschool and school children. It manifests itself functionally in the sphere of speech and communication, but in relation to the anxiety factor. As an anxiety disorder, it is categorised in the latest medical classifications ICD-11 and DSM-5, and therefore, primarily psychological or psychiatric therapeutic intervention could be expected. The specificity of the pathomechanism of selective mutism, however, requires interdisciplinary activities, with a room for a speech therapist, a special pedagogue (e.g. at a public school as a supporting teacher), any other pedagogue working with the child (educator, teacher of integrated classes, subject teacher), other specialists (therapist pedagogue, physiotherapist), as well as the parents. The speech therapist may play a special role in the diagnosis of mutism in the conditions of inclusive education, as he will probably be the first specialist who will receive a child who is not speaking or very taciturn at a public school. In the article, the diagnosis of selective mutism is associated with the differential diagnosis of shyness, which may not be treated as a disorder, but only a certain personality trait, but with incompetent pedagogical support in everyday educational practice it can lead to more serious difficulties, including logophobia and mutism. The diagnosis of mutism requires specialised therapeutic measures, but with the awareness of the differences in the situations of a shy child and a child with mutism, it is worth learning some supportive strategies that are useful in both cases.
Rozprawy Społeczne
|
2019
|
vol. 13
|
issue 1
43-48
PL
Oczekiwania względem instytucji wczesnej edukacji i opieki stale się zmieniają. Rodzice czy opiekunowie dzieci poszukują miejsc, które pomogą im w wychowaniu dziecka, niejednokrotnie chcieliby, aby część kompetencji i umiejętności, potrzebnych w dalszym życiu, dziecko zdobyło właśnie w placówkach opieki zbiorowej. Treścią artykułu jest ukazanie korzyści płynących ze współpracy wychowawczyń z rodzicami dzieci uczęszczających do jednego z klubów dziecięcych na Dolnym Śląsku. Artykuł prezentuje opis współpracy personelu placówki z rodzicami dwójki dzieci: Jacka, który miał trudności rozwojowe i problemy w zakresie kontaktów społecznych oraz Małgosi, u której podejrzewany był mutyzm wybiórczy. Jacek uczęszczał do klubu dziecięcego przez okres dwóch lat, natomiast Małgosia przez niespełna rok. W tym czasie pojawiały się różne momenty zwrotne we współpracy personelu z ich rodzicami. Współpraca rodziców z wychowawcami to klucz do harmonijnego rozwoju młodego człowieka, a w przypadku zauważonych trudności w rozwoju oraz codziennym funkcjonowaniu dziecka, współpraca ta wydaje się być szczególnie ważna.
EN
Expectations towards institutions tasked with early education and care are constantly changing. Parents or guardians of children are looking for places that will help them to raise a child, frequently it is exactly in collective care institutions where they would like for the child to acquire some of the competences and skills needed in later life. The meaning of the article is to show the benefits stemming from the cooperation between form teachers and the parents of children enrolled in one of the children’s clubs in Lower Silesia. The article presents a description of the cooperation between the facility’s staff and the parents of two children: Jacek, who had developmental difficulties and problems with social contacts, and Małgosia, in whom selective mutism was suspected. Jacek attended the children’s club for a period of two years, while Małgosia, for less than a year. At that time, various turning points occurred in the cooperation of the staff with the children’s parents. Cooperation between parents and form teachers is the key to the harmonious development of a young person, and it seems to be particularly important in the case of difficulties in the development and everyday functioning of a child being noticed.
EN
The new perception of selective mutism as an anxiety disorder enables specialists to diagnose it early and take therapeutic measures as soon as possible. It is not an easy task to diagnose selective mutism and that process can engage many specialists. A diagnostic test should identify a pattern, depth and effects of selective mutism and also check whether there occur other serious problems related to this disorder. The test should help to determine how well do the people dealing with SM understand it and whether they apply the correct treatment. It should also help to collect full information on development, interests and friendships of a child to be able to help him efficiently. The aim of the article is to present the selective mutism and is to present the diagnosis as the process and to offer some suggestions how to classify the stages of this process.
PL
Nowe postrzeganie mutyzmu wybiórczego jako zaburzenia na tle lękowym pozwala specjalistom na wczesną jego diagnozę i jak najszybsze podjęcie działań terapeutycznych. Diagnoza mutyzmu wybiórczego nie jest zadaniem łatwym, a w proces diagnozowania może być zaangażowanych wielu specjalistów. Badanie diagnostyczne powinno służyć: rozpoznaniu wzorca, głębokości i skutków mutyzmu wybiórczego, sprawdzeniu, czy nie występują inne poważne lub powiązane z mutyzmem problemy, ustaleniu, w jakim stopniu osoby zaangażowane rozumieją mutyzm i czy właściwie z nim postępują oraz zebraniu pełnych informacji na temat rozwoju, zainteresowań i przyjaźni dziecka, tak aby móc podjąć skuteczną interwencję. Celem artykułu jest omówienie mutyzmu wybiórczego i diagnozy jako procesu oraz przedstawienie własnej propozycji klasyfikacji jego etapów.
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